| 词条 | Coelioxys sodalis |
| 释义 |
| name = Coelioxys sodalis | image = File:Coelioxys sodalis, F, side, Maine, Hancock County 2013-03-15-14.19.27 ZS PMax (8593895542).jpg | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | subphylum = | classis = Insecta | ordo = Hymenoptera | familia = Megachilidae | tribus = Megachilini | genus = Coelioxys | species = C. sodalis | binomial = Coelioxys sodalis | binomial_authority = Cresson, 1878[1] }}Coelioxys sodalis is a bee from the family Megachilidae, one of numerous kleptoparasitic bees in the tribe Megachilini. Members of the genus Coelioxys exhibit kleptoparasitic behavior in that they lay their eggs in the nests of other bees, typically those of the related genus Megachile.[2] As this behavior is similar to that of cuckoos, such bees are referred to as cuckoo bees. These host-parasite relationships are complex[3] Host insects of the brood parasite C. sodalis include Megachile melanophaea, M. texana, and M. rotundata.[4] Taxonomy and namingThe species was originally described in the Transactions of the American Entomological Society by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1878.[5] Range and distributionCoelioxys sodalis are distributed across the northern portions of the North American continent from Alaska and British Columbia and Northwest Territory eastward across to Nova Scotia and the New England states, according to Mitchell.[4] The range extends south through to high altitude regions in Arizona, according to Baker.[4] They are most active spring through early fall. They are reportedly active as early as April 17 in Arizona and as late as September 8 in Alberta. Their habitat is primarily woodland. They have been collected in coniferous forests, as well as in deciduous forests inland and along the coast. In the lower latitudes of the range, they tend towards predominately pine forests. Canadian specimens have been collected from the ecotone between the tundra and coniferous forest. They have also been observed in more xeric environments including sagebrush steppes.[4]They are recorded to have been found on flowers of genera Rhodora and Rubus.[4] MorphologyHighly detailed physical descriptions were published in Theodore B. Mitchell's seminal work Bees of the Eastern United States II.[6] Bees resemble C. funeraria and darker specimens of C. rufitarsis. Morphologic characteristics of females and males differ from these two examples based on differences in segmental arrangements of components of the abdomen wall. Female bees (11-13mm) are longer than the males (8-12mm). Both males and females are black across the entire body, including tegulae and legs. Both males and females have compound eyes positioned such that they are somewhat convergent below. However, lateral ocelli of females are not as near to the vertex margin as those of males.[7] Across the geographic range, morphological differences have been noted. C. sodalis from the southern reaches have fascia more distinctly setal. Variations in proximal arrangements of the abdominal components has also been noted. Species obtained from western reaches more closely resemble Coelioxys quadridentata.[4] Molecular biologyCharacterization of the nucleotide and protein sequences have been published, as noted in the NCBI repository.[8] References1. ^{{ITIS | ID = 760852 | taxon = Coelioxys sodalis | year = | date = 4 October 2014}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Michener|first1=Charles D.|title=The bees of the world|date=2000|publisher=Johns Hopkins Univ. Press|location=Baltimore, Md. |isbn=0801861330|page=526|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bu_1gmY13FIC&pg=PR4}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Bees of the Week: genus Coelioxys |url=http://thebeesneeds.wordpress.com/2014/07/24/bees-of-the-week-genus-coelioxys/|website=The bees needs|accessdate=6 October 2014}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Coelioxys sodalis Cresson, 1878|url=http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Coelioxys+sodalis|website=Discover Life|accessdate=14 October 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Detailed record for Coelioxys sodalis Cresson, 1878|url=http://essigdb.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/eme_species_query?step=detail&seq_num=46534|website=Essig Museum of Entomology Species Lists|accessdate=14 October 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Insect Museum|url=http://insectmuseum.org/mitchell.php|website=North Carolina State University|accessdate=14 October 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140925191139/http://insectmuseum.org/mitchell.php|archivedate=25 September 2014|df=}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Theodore B|title=The Bees of the Eastern United States II|date=1962|publisher=Technical bulletin (North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station)|pages=226–228|url=http://insectmuseum.org/downloads/Megachilidae.pdf|accessdate=24 September 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Coelioxys sodalis |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=586900 |website=NCBI |accessdate=14 October 2014}} External links{{Commons category|Coelioxys sodalis}}
5 : Coelioxys|Hymenoptera of North America|Insects of Canada|Insects of the United States|Insects described in 1878 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。