“Polar topology”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Polar topology

释义

Definitions
Examples
See also
Notes
References

In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics a polar topology, topology of -convergence or topology of uniform convergence on the sets of is a method to define locally convex topologies on the vector spaces of a dual pair.

Definitions

Let be a dual pair of vector spaces and over the field , either the real or complex numbers.

A set is said to be bounded in with respect to , if for each element the set of values is bounded:

This condition is equivalent to the requirement that the polar of the set in

is an absorbent set in , i.e.

Let now be a family of bounded sets in (with respect to ) with the following properties:

each point of belongs to some set

each two sets and are contained in some set :

is closed under the operation of multiplication by scalars:

Then the seminorms of the form

define a Hausdorff locally convex topology on which is called the polar topology^[1] on generated by the family of sets . The sets

form a local base of this topology. A net of elements tends to an element in this topology if and only if

Because of this the polar topology is often called the topology of uniform convergence on the sets of . The semi norm is the gauge of the polar set .

Examples

if is the family of all bounded sets in then the polar topology on coincides with the strong topology,
if is the family of all finite sets in then the polar topology on coincides with the weak topology,
the topology of an arbitrary locally convex space can be described as the polar topology defined on by the family of all equicontinuous sets in the dual space .^[2]

Notes

1. ^{{harvtxt|A.P.Robertson, W.Robertson|1964|loc=III.2}}
2. ^In other words,

iff

and there is a neighbourhood of zero

such that

References

{{cite book

| last1 = Robertson
| first1 = A.P.
| last2 = Robertson
| first2 = W.
| year = 1964
| title = Topological vector spaces
| series=
| volume=
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| location =
| isbn =
}}

{{cite book

| last = Schaefer
| first = Helmuth H.
| year = 1966
| title = Topological vector spaces
| series=
| volume=
| publisher = The MacMillan Company
| location = New York
| isbn = 0-387-98726-6
}}{{Functional Analysis}}

1 : Topology of function spaces

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Definitions

Examples

See also

Notes

References