| 词条 | Colwall Tunnels |
| 释义 |
|name = Colwall Tunnels |image = |image_size = |caption = |line = |location = Colwall, Herefordshire to Malvern Wells, Worcestershire |coordinates = {{coord|52.08391|N|2.350527|W|display=inline, title}} |system = |status = One disused; one operational |start = Colwall railway station |end = Malvern Wells railway station |stations = |startwork = 1853 |opened = 17 September 1861 |rebuilt = 1924 - 1926 |reopened = 2 August 1926 |closed = 2 August 1926 |owner = Worcester and Hereford Railway (original) GWR (Post Grouping) Network Rail (current) |operator = Great Western Railway London Midland |traffic = |character = Passenger |construction = |length = {{convert|1567|yd|mi|abbr=on}} |linelength = |tracklength = |notrack = 1 |gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}} |el = |speed = |hielevation = |lowelevation = |height = |grade = }} The Colwall Tunnels are a pair of railway tunnels that connect Colwall and Malvern Wells on the Cotswold Line, passing under the Malvern Hills in the Welsh Marches region of England. The first tunnel was opened in 1861 by the Worcester and Hereford Railway. Due to its inadequate specification, a replacement tunnel was brought into service in 1926, and remains in use today. Colwall Old TunnelThe route of the Worcester and Hereford Railway involved some serious engineering, and in particular how it could cross the Malvern Hills. The tunnel had to be dug through very hard rock using manual methods available at the time. Local engineer Stephen Ballard was appointed to complete the work. At each end the tunnelling progressed by ten feet a week. However, once the igneous Malvern rock was reached, daily progress averaged 15 cm (six inches) a day. Two ventilation shafts were provided to the tunnel. Its maximum depth below the surface was about 600 ft. Spring waters caused problems to the construction. The water later fed the Malvern water bottling plant at Colwall. In 1907 part of the tunnel collapsed blocking the line. In 1939 the disused tunnel was refurbished with ling and a concrete floor so that it could be used as an Admiralty munitions storage facility. A narrow gauge track was laid within the tunnel to move the stores to either end of the old tunnel. Today the tunnel forms part of the Malvern Hills Site of Special Scientific Interest and is inhabited by a colony of about 700 hibernating lesser horseshoe bats,[1] but otherwise disused and inaccessible. The Ledbury Area Cycle Forum is promoting a project to reopen the disused tunnel as a recreational and utility facility for cyclists and walkers.[2] Colwall New TunnelBy the 1920s it was clear that the old tunnel was too narrow, low and steep (with a gradient of 1 in 80) to accommodate the emerging specification of rolling stock. So a new, wider tunnel was constructed adjacent to the old one. The build was completed between 1924 and 1926, much faster than the first tunnel due to the advance in tunnelling tools and techniques. It was opened on 2 August 1926, and remains in use today. References1. ^Ledbury Area Cycle Forum - The Colwall Tunnel Project 2. ^Ledbury Area Cycle Forum - The Colwall Tunnel Project External links
7 : Buildings and structures in Worcestershire|Railway tunnels in England|Tunnels completed in 1861|Tunnels completed in 1926|Tunnels in Worcestershire|Tunnels in Herefordshire|1861 establishments in England |
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