| 释义 |
- References
- Notes
- See also
{{Short description|Former union of European states}}{{Use American English|date = January 2019}}{{Use mdy dates|date = January 2019}}The term Polish–Lithuanian Union refers to a series of acts and alliances between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that lasted for prolonged periods of time and led to the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—the "Republic of the Two Nations"—in 1569 and eventually to the creation of a short-lived unitary state in 1791.[1] Important events in the process of union included: - 1385 – Union of Krewo – a personal union that brought the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, to the Polish throne
- 1401 – Union of Vilnius and Radom – strengthened the Polish–Lithuanian union[2]
- 1413 – Union of Horodło – heraldic union which granted many szlachta rights to Lithuanian nobility
- 1432 (1432–34) – Union of Grodno, a declarative attempt to renew closer union
- 1499 – Union of Kraków and Vilnius, in which the personal union became a dynastic union, recognising the sovereignty of Lithuania and describing interaction between the two states
- 1501 – Union of Mielnik – a renewal of the personal union
- July 1, 1569 – Union of Lublin – a real union that resulted in creation of the semi-federal, semi-confederal Republic of the Two Nations (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)
- May 3, 1791 – Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791: abolished the Elective monarchy and turned it into a hereditary monarchy, and established a common state, the Rzeczpospolita Polska (the Polish Commonwealth) in their place. The Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations modified these changes, stressing the continuity of bi-national status of the state. The changes were reversed completely in 1792 under pressure from forces of the Russian Empire.
References- {{pl icon}} Anna Pasterak, Unie polsko-litewskie, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 2004
Notes1. ^Catholic Encyclopedia - Poland
2. ^{{cite book| title= East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500 |page= 388 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA388&sig=ACfU3U3LdKwwAHdnCsWS3BEOu5h81f_KVg |publisher= University of Washington Press |year= 1994 |volume=3 |series= History of East Central Europe |first= Jean W. |last= Sedlar |isbn= 0-295-97290-4}}
See also- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
- Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth
- Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth
- Union of Kėdainiai
- Polish–Swedish union
- [https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/49da65c5-9917-40de-b542-5c89751cacf6:JCR Central European Superpower], Henryk Litwin, BUM Magazine, October 2016.
{{Polish-Lithuanian Union}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Polish-Lithuanian union}}{{-}}{{Lithuania-hist-stub}}{{Poland-hist-stub}} 18 : Polish–Lithuanian union|History of Lithuania (1219–1569)|Early Modern history of Lithuania|History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty|Political history of Lithuania|Political history of Poland|National unifications|States and territories established in 1385|States and territories disestablished in 1569|14th century in Lithuania|15th century in Lithuania|16th century in Lithuania|14th century in Poland|15th century in Poland|16th century in Poland|Lithuania–Poland relations|1385 establishments in Europe|1569 disestablishments in Europe |