| 词条 | Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984 | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| shorttitle = Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984 | othershorttitles = | longtitle = An Act to facilitate commercial space launches, and for other purposes. | colloquialacronym = CSLA, ELVCA | nickname = Expendable Launch Vehicle Commercialization Act | enacted by = 98th | effective date = October 30, 1984 | public law url = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-98/pdf/STATUTE-98-Pg3055.pdf | cite public law = 98-575 | cite statutes at large = {{usstat|98|3055}} | acts amended = | acts repealed = | title amended = 51 U.S.C.: National and Commercial Space Programs | sections created = {{usc|51|50901}} et seq. | sections amended = | leghisturl = http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d098:HR03942:@@@R | introducedin = House | introducedbill = {{USBill|98|H.R.|3942}} | introducedby = Daniel Akaka (D–HI) | introduceddate = September 21, 1983 | committees = House Science and Technology, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation | passedbody1 = House | passeddate1 = June 5, 1984 | passedvote1 = passed voice vote | passedbody2 = Senate | passedas2 = | passeddate2 = October 9, 1984 | passedvote2 = passed voice vote | conferencedate = | passedbody3 = | passeddate3 = | passedvote3 = | agreedbody3 = House | agreeddate3 = October 9, 1984 | agreedvote3 = agreed unanimous consent | agreedbody4 = | agreeddate4 = | agreedvote4 = | passedbody4 = | passeddate4 = | passedvote4 = | signedpresident = Ronald Reagan | signeddate = October 30, 1984 | unsignedpresident = | unsigneddate = | vetoedpresident = | vetoeddate = | overriddenbody1 = | overriddendate1 = | overriddenvote1 = | overriddenbody2 = | overriddendate2 = | overriddenvote2 = | amendments = | SCOTUS cases = }}Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984 is a United States federal law authored to facilitate the private enterprise of the commercialization of space and space technology. The Act of Congress set forth the quest to acquire innovative equipment and services offered by entrepreneurial ventures from the information technology services, remote sensing technology, and telecommunications industries. The Act recognized the United States private sector as having the capability to develop commercial launch vehicles, orbital satellites, and operate private launch sites and services. The Act also assigned the duties of overseeing and coordinating commercial launches, issuing of licenses and permits, and promotion of safety standards to the Secretary of Department of Transportation.[1] The H.R. 3942 legislation was enacted by the 98th Congressional session and signed by the 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan on October 30, 1984.[2] HistoryIn the 1970s, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration began to look for ways to outsource the use of its launching facilities and services to private companies such as COMSAT, RCA, and Western Union.[3] This search was due to the fact that maintaining, modifying, launching, and other duties required to launch expendable launch vehicles cost upwards of billions of dollars. Once the space shuttle became operational, NASA and the United States Air Force began using it almost exclusively. In order to accommodate the heavy weight of the space shuttle launch system, the USAF spent billions of dollars modifying one launch pad in Vandenberg Air Force Base. However, it was never used.[4] Upon realizing the economic benefits of utilizing private space companies, the House Science and Technologies Commission proposed H.R. 3942 which eventually became Public Law 98-575, or the Commercial Space Act of 1984. Provisions of the ActTitle 51 United States Code Subtitle V and Chapter 509 was compiled as twenty-three code of law sections to vitalize commercial opportunities and space launch services for the Space programme of the United States.[5][6] 51 U.S.C. § 50901 - Findings and purposes 51 U.S.C. § 50902 - Definitions 51 U.S.C. § 50903 - General authority 51 U.S.C. § 50904 - Restrictions on launches, operations, and reentries 51 U.S.C. § 50905 - License applications and requirements 51 U.S.C. § 50906 - Experimental permits 51 U.S.C. § 50907 - Monitoring activities 51 U.S.C. § 50908 - Effective periods, and modifications, suspensions, and revocations, of licenses 51 U.S.C. § 50909 - Prohibition, suspension, and end of launches, operation of launch sites and reentry sites, and reentries 51 U.S.C. § 50910 - Preemption of scheduled launches or reentries 51 U.S.C. § 50911 - Space advertising 51 U.S.C. § 50912 - Administrative hearings and judicial review 51 U.S.C. § 50913 - Acquiring United States Government property and services 51 U.S.C. § 50914 - Liability insurance and financial responsibility requirements 51 U.S.C. § 50915 - Paying claims exceeding liability insurance and financial responsibility requirements 51 U.S.C. § 50916 - Disclosing information 51 U.S.C. § 50917 - Enforcement and penalty 51 U.S.C. § 50918 - Consultation 51 U.S.C. § 50919 - Relationship to other executive agencies, laws, and international obligations 51 U.S.C. § 50920 - User fees 51 U.S.C. § 50921 - Office of Commercial Space Transportation 51 U.S.C. § 50922 - Regulations 51 U.S.C. § 50923 - Report to Congress Commercial Aerospace EnterprisesOrbital Sciences Corporation Scaled Composites Sierra Nevada Corporation Space Exploration Technologies Corporation United Launch Alliance Virgin Galactic XCOR Aerospace Northrop Grumman Corp. Commercial SpaceportsClinton-Sherman Industrial Airpark Kodiak Launch Complex Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport Mojave Air and Space Port Spaceport America SpaceX autonomous spaceport drone ship Amendments to 1984 ActChronological amendments to the Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984.
See also{{Portal|Spaceflight}}Commercial Orbital Transportation Services Commercial use of space Office of Commercial Space Transportation Private spaceflight NewSpace Space advertising Timeline of private spaceflight References1. ^{{cite web |url= http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title51/subtitle5/chapter509&edition=prelim |title= Chapter 509 — Commercial Space Launch Activities |website=United States Code ~ Office of the Law Revision Counsel |publisher= U.S. House of Representatives |accessdate= 22 December 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=39335 |title= Ronald Reagan: "Statement on Signing the Commercial Space Launch Act ," October 30, 1984 |author1=Peters, Gerhard |author2=Woolley, John T |publisher = University of California - Santa Barbara |work= The American Presidency Project |accessdate= 19 January 2014}} 3. ^McLucas, John L. Space Commerce. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1991. Page 89. 4. ^McLucas, John L. Space Commerce. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1991. Page 91. 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ314/pdf/PLAW-111publ314.pdf |title=Enactment of Title 51 - National and Commercial Space Programs ~ P.L. 111-314 |date=December 18, 2010 |series=124 Stat. 3328 ~ House Bill 3237 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/3237 |title=H.R. 3237 ~ Charles "Pete" Conrad Astronomy Awards Act |date=July 16, 2009 |series=P.L. 111-314 ~ 124 Stat. 3328 |publisher=Congress.gov}} External links
7 : 1984 in law|98th United States Congress|Commercial spaceflight|Presidency of Ronald Reagan|Private spaceflight|Space law in the United States|United States federal legislation |
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