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词条 Comparison of orbital launcher families
释义

  1. Description

  2. List of launcher families

  3. See also

  4. Notes

  5. References

This list is a comparison of orbital launcher families. To see the long complete list of launch systems, see Comparison of orbital launch systems.

Description

  • Family: Name of the family/model of launcher
  • Country: Origin country of launcher
  • Manufac.: Main manufacturer
  • Payload: Maximum mass of payload, for 3 altitudes
    • LEO, low Earth orbit
    • GTO, geostationary transfer orbit
    • TLI, trans-Lunar injection
  • Cost: Price for a launch at this time, in millions of US$
  • Launches reaching...
    • Total: flights which lift-off, or where the vehicle is destroyed during the terminal count
      note: only includes orbital launches (flights launched with the intention of reaching orbit). Suborbital tests launches are not included in this listing.
    • Space (regardless of outcome)
    • Any orbit (regardless of outcome)
    • Target orbit (without damage to the payload)
  • Status: Actual status of launcher (retired, development, active)
  • Date of flight
    • First: Year of first flight of first family's member
    • Last: Year of Last flight (for vehicles retired from service)
  • Refs: citations

Same cores are grouped together (like Ariane 1, 2 & 3, but not V).

List of launcher families

Legend
{{legend|#f9f9f9|Active}}{{legend|#f0f0d0|In development}}{{legend|#e0e0e0|Retired}}{{legend|#e0f0e0|Active, and being updated and revised}}
FamilyCountry{{abbr|Manufac.|manufacturerPayload (kg)Cost (US$,
millions)		Launches reaching…StatusDate of flightNotesRefs
LEO GTO TLI Total Space Any orbit Target orbit First Last
Angara 1.2Russia}} Khrunichev3800}} -- --25}}1}}1}}0}} {{n/a}} Active 20141E308}}As of 2017, only launch was suborbital[1] [2][3][4]
Angara A5Russia}} Khrunichev14600}}–{{zwsp}}35,0003600}}–{{zwsp}}12,500 -- --1}}1}}1}}1}} Active 20141E308}} [2][5]
AntaresUSA}} Orbital ATK6500}} -- --80}}7}}6}}6}}6}} Active 20131E308}} Cygnus launcher[6][7][8]
Ariane 1-2-3Europe}} Aérospatiale {{n/a}}2650}} {{n/a}} --28}} Retired 1979 1989[9][10]
Ariane 4Europe}} Aérospatiale7000}}4720}} {{n/a}} --116}} Retired 1988 2003{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 40, 42P, 42L, 44P, 44L, 44LP[10]
Ariane 5Europe}} Airbus21000}}10735}}[11] {{n/a}}165}}–{{zwsp}}22076}}74}}74}}72}} Active 19961E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: G, G+, GS, ECA, ES.[12][13][14]
Ariane 6Europe}} Airbus Safran21500}}11500}} {{n/a}}115}}0}}0}}0}}0}}Devel.|Development, in}} 20201E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: Ariane 62, Ariane 64.
ASLVIndia}} ISRO150}} -- -- --4}} Retired 1987 1994[15]
Athena I & IIUSA}} Lockheed ATK2065}} --295}} --7}} Retired 1995 2001 Launch Lunar Prospector.[16] [17]
Atlas A-B-C-D-E-F-G
Atlas I		USA}} Lockheed5900}}2340}} -- --514}} Retired 1957 1997 Launch Mercury.
Atlas or Centaur upper stage.		[18][19][20][21]
Atlas IIUSA}} Lockheed8618}}3833}} -- --63}}63}}63}} Retired 1991 2004[22][23][24]
Atlas IIIUSA}} Lockheed10759}}4609}} -- --6}}6}}6}} Retired 2003 2005{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: IIIA, IIIB[25][26]
Atlas VUSA}} ULA18850}}8900}}2807}}109}}–{{zwsp}}15374}}74}}74}}73}} Active 20021E308}} Launched Juno & New Horizons [27][28]
BFRUSA}} SpaceX100,000}}+ --100,000}}+{{efn|With in-orbit refueling}} --0}}Devel.|Development, in}} 20201E308}} Fully reusable. Expected as early as 2020, with suborbital spaceship tests beginning in the first half of 2019. [29][30][31][32]
Black ArrowUK}} RAE Westland132}} -- -- --4}}3}} Retired 1969 1971 [33]
DeltaUSA}} Douglas3848}}1312}} -- --186}} Retired 1960 1989Launched Pioneer & Explorer probes.
{{abbr>Var.|Variants}} A, B, C, D, E, G, J, L, M, N, 300, 900, 1X00, 4X00, 2X00, 3X00, 5X00		 [34][37]
Delta IIUSA}} ULA6000}}2171}}1508}}51}}153}}152}}152}}151}} Retired 1989 2018Launched Mars probes MGS to Phoenix
{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 6000, 7000, and Heavy.		 [34][35][36]
Delta IIIUSA}} Boeing8290}}3810}} -- --3}}2}}2}} Retired 1998 2000[37][38]
Delta IVUSA}} ULA23040}}13130}}9000}} --35}}35}}35}}34}} Active 20021E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: M, M+, and Heavy. [39]
DiamantFrance}} SEREB}} -- -- --12}}}}}}9}} Retired 1965 1975date=March 2013}}
R-36M
Dnepr		Ukraine}}
{{flag|Russia}}		 Yuzhmash3600}} --750}}14}}17}} Retired 1999 2015[40][41]
{{full citation needed>date=March 2013}}[42]
ElectronNZ}}
{{flag|USA}}		 Rocket Lab225}}6}}2}}2}}1}}1}} Active 20171E308}} [43]
EnergiaUSSR}} NPO Energia100000}}240}}2}}2}}1}}1}} Retired 1987 1988 1 partial failure with Polyus spacecraft, 1 successful flight with Buran shuttle.[44]{{citation needed>date=January 2014}}
EpsilonJapan}} IHI Corporation1200}} -- -- --1}}1}}1}}1}} Active 20131E308}} [45][46]
Falcon 1USA}} SpaceX420}}[47] -- --7.9}}[47]5}}[48]4}}[47]2}}[47]2}}[48] Retired[47] 2006 2009
Falcon 9
v1.0, v1.1, FT, B5		USA}} SpaceX22800}}8300}} --61.2}}69}}68}}68}}67}} Active 20101E308}} Upgrade to version 1.1 in 2013; upgrade to version FT in 2015
Launcher of Dragon capsule.

One flight put primary but not secondary payload into correct orbit,[49] one rocket and payload were destroyed before launch in preparation for static fire[50] and thus is not counted. Falcon 9 Block 5 first launched 11th May 2018 with Bangabandhu 1, the first fully sized Bangladesh satellite.

 [51][52]
Falcon HeavyUSA}} SpaceX63800}}26700}} --90}}–{{zwsp}}1501}}1}}1}}1}} Active 20181E308}} First test launch 2018-02-06[53][54][55]
GSLV Mk.IIndia}} ISRO5000}}2500}} -- --6}}4}}2}}2}} Retired 2001 2010 [56][57][58]
GSLV Mk.IIIndia}} ISRO5000}}2700}} -- --7}}6}}6}}6}} Active 20101E308}} [59][60][61]
GSLV Mk.III (LVM3)India}} ISRO10000}}4000}} -- --3}}3}}3}}3}} Active 20141E308}} [62][63]
H-IJapan}} Mitsubishi3200}} -- --9}}9}} Retired 1986 1992 License-built version of the Thor-ELT [64]
H-II, IIA & IIBJapan}} Mitsubishi19000}}8000}} --112|prefix=(190), 90,{{space}}}}28}}26}} Active 19941E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: A202, A2022, A2024, A204, B [65]
HaasRomania}} ARCA400}} -- --0}}0}}0}}0}}Devel.|Development, in}} 20181E308}} Launch from balloon [66][67]
J-IJapan}} IHI Corporation Nissan Motors880}} -- -- --1}} Retired 1996 1996 Partial demonstration flight onlydate=March 2013}}
R-12 & R-14
Kosmos		USSR}} Yuzhnoye Polyot1500}} -- --12}}610}}559}} Retired 1967 2010{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 1, 2, 3, 3M [13][68][69]
KaituozheChina}} CALT}} -- -- --3}}}}}}0}} Active 20021E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 1, 2date=March 2013}}
Lambda 4SJapan}} Nissan ISAS}} -- -- --5}}}}}}1}} Retired 1966 1970date=March 2013}}
Long March 1China}} CALT740}}440}} -- --6}} Retired 1970 2002{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 1, 1D [70][71][72]
DF-5
Long March 2-3-4		China}} CALT12000}}5500}}3300}} --167}}158}} Active 19711E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 2A, 2C, 2D, 2E, 3, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4, 4B
Launcher of Shenzhou		 [73]
Long March 5China}} CALT25000}}14000}}8000}} --2}}2}}1}}1}} Active 20161E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 5, 5B [74][75]
Long March 6China}} CALT1500}} -- -- --1}}1}}1}}1}} Active 20151E308}} [76]
Long March 7China}} CALT20000}} -- -- --1}}1}}1}}1}} Active 20161E308}} [77]
Minotaur IUSA}} Orbital ATK580}} -- -- --11}}11}}11}}11}} Active 20001E308}} Derived from the Minuteman II [78][79]
Minotaur IV & VUSA}} Orbital ATK1735}}640}}447}}50}}4}}4}}4}}4}} Active 20101E308}}Also 2 suborbital launches (HTV-2a). {{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: IV, IV Lite, IV HAPS, V. Derived from Peacekeeper missile [78][80]
Mu 1-3-4Japan}} Nissan Motor IHI770}} -- -- --27}} Retired 1966 1995{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 1, 3D, 4S, 3C, 3H, 3S, 3SII [81]
Mu 5Japan}} Nissan Motor IHI1800}} -- -- --7}}}}}}6}} Retired 1997 2006{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: M-V, M-V KMdate=January 2014}}
N1USSR}} NPO Energia90000}} --23500}} --4}}0}}0}}0}} Retired 1969 1972 Designed for Soviet Manned Lunar Mission [82]
N-I & IIJapan}} Mitsubishi2000}}730}} -- --15}} Retired 1975 1987 Derived from the American Delta rocket [83]
NaroSouth Korea}} Khrunichev KARI100}} -- -- --3}}2}}1}}1}} Retired 2009 2013 First stage uses the Russian RD-151 engine [84]
NuriSouth Korea}} KARI1500}} -- -- --0}}0}}0}}0}}Devel.|Development, in}} 20211E308}}
PegasusUSA}} Orbital ATK450}} -- -- --43}}42}}41}}38}} Active 19901E308}} [85]
UR-500 ProtonUSSR}}
{{flag|Russia}}		 Khrunichev23000}}6920}}5680}}65}} (Proton-M)399}}353}} Active 19651E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: K, M, Medium in development. [86][87][88]
PSLVIndia}} ISRO3800}}1300}} -- --45}}44}}43}}42}} Active 19931E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: CA, XL, HP, 3S
Launched moon probe Chandrayaan I, Mars probe Mangalyaan I		 [89][90]
UR-100N Rokot StrelaRussia}} Eurockot Khrunichev2100}} -- -- --25}}23}}23}} Active 19941E308}} 23 launches of Rokot; 2 launches of Strela [91][92][93][94]

SafirIran}} ISA50}} -- -- --7}}5}}4}}4}} Active 20071E308}} [95]
Saturn I & IBUSA}} Chrysler Douglas18600}} -- --19}}13}}13}}13}}13}} Retired 1961 1975 Saturn 1 family also included 6 suborbital test launches [96][97]
Saturn VUSA}} Boeing North American Douglas118000}} --47000}}185}}13}}13}}13}} Retired 1967 1973{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: Apollo, Skylab [96][98][99]
ScoutUSA}} US Air Force NASA210}} -- -- --125}}104}} Retired 1960 1994{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: X1, X2, A, D, G [100]
ShavitIsrael}} IAI225}} -- --15}}10}}8}}8}}8}} Active 19881E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: Shavit, -1, -2 [101]
R-29
Shtil Volna		Russia}} Makeyev430}} -- -- --8}} Retired 1995 2006{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: Volna, Shtil, 2.1, 2R, 3 [102]
R-7 Semyorka SoyuzUSSR}}
{{flag|Russia}}		 RSC Energia TsSKB-Progress8200}}2400}}1200}} --1854}} Active 19571E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: Sputnik, Luna, Vostok-L, Vostok-K, Voskhod, Molniya, Molniya-L, Molniya-M, Polyot, Soyuz, Soyuz-L, Soyuz-M, Soyuz-U, Soyuz-FG, Soyuz-2, Soyuz-2-1v [103] [104]
SimorghIran}} ISA350}} -- -- --2}}0}}0}}0}} Active 20161E308}} [105]
SLSUSA}} Orbital ATK Boeing United Launch Alliance Aerojet Rocketdyne70000}} to
130,000		 -- -- --0}}0}}0}}0}}Devel.|Development, in}} 20201E308}} Expected 2020 [106][107]
SLVIndia}} ISRO40}} -- -- --4}}3}}3}}2}} Retired 1979 1983 Launched Rohini satellite series [108]
SS-520Japan}} IHI Aerospace4}} -- -- --4}}3}}1}}1}} 20171E308}} Two successful suborbital flights, one failed and one successful attempt to reach orbit. A test how small orbital rockets can be. The rocket has a mass of only 2.6 tonnes. [109]
Small Satellite Launch VehicleIndia}} ISRO500}}300}} -- --0}}0}}0}}0}}Devel.|Development, in}} 20191E308}} As of December 2018, design of the rocket has been completed and first developmental flight is to take place before May 2019.[110][111]
STS
Space Shuttle		USA}} Alliant Martin Marietta Rockwell24400}}3810}} --450}}135}}134}}134}}133}} Retired 1981 2011 Orbiter mass: 68585 kg. [112]
RT-2PM
Start-1		Russia}} MITT532}} -- -- --7}}6}} Active 19931E308}} [113]
Taurus / Minotaur-CUSA}} Orbital Sciences1450}} -- -- --9}}9}}6}}6}} Active 19891E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 2110, 3110, 3210 [114]
ThorUSA}} Douglas1270}} --38}} --357}} Retired 1957 1980 Launched Pioneer & Explorer probes[115]
LGM-25C
Titan I-II-III-IV		USA}} Martin Marietta21900}}5773}}8600}}350}}369}} Retired 1959 2005{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: I, II, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, IIID, IIIE, 34D, IVA, IVB
Gemini launcher		 [116][117]
R-36
Tsyklon		USSR}}
{{flag|Ukraine}}		 Yuzhmash4100}} -- -- --259}} Retired 1967 2009{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 1, 2, 3. [118]
Unified Launch VehicleIndia}} ISRO4500}}–{{zwsp}}41,3001500}}–{{zwsp}}16,300 -- --0}}0}}0}}0}}Devel.|Development, in}}1E308}}1E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 6S12, 2S60, 2S138, 2S200 [119]
Unha-3North Korea}} KCST200}} -- -- --4}}3}}2}} Active 20061E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: Paektusan based on Taepodong-1 missile; Unha based on Taepodong-2 missile. [120][121]
VanguardUSA}} Martin23}} -- -- --12}}3}} Retired 1957 1959 [122]
VegaEurope}} Avio2300}} -- --23}}14}}14}}14}}14}}Revis.|Active and under revision}} 20121E308}} Vega-C and Vega-E in development. [123]
VLMBrazil}} CTA380}} -- -- --0}}0}}0}}0}}Devel.|Development, in}} 20191E308}} [124]
VulcanUSA}} ULA26350}}17,800–{{zwsp}}34,90011850}}7,400–{{zwsp}}16,300 --99}}0}}0}}0}}0}}Devel.|Development, in}} 20211E308}} [125][126][127][128]
ZenitUSSR}}
{{flag|Ukraine}}
{{flag|Russia}}		 Yuzhnoye13740}}6160}}4098}} --82}}71}}69}} Active 19851E308}}{{abbr>Var.|Variants}}: 2, 2M (2SB, 2SLB), 3SL, 3SLB, 3SLBF [129]

See also

  • Comparison of orbital launch systems
  • Comparison of orbital rocket engines
  • Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
  • List of orbital launch systems

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^Peter B. de Selding, "Russia's Angara 1.2 Rocket Succeeds in Inaugural Flight, Khrunichev Says", Space News, Jul. 9, 2014 (accessed 22 Sept 2014)
2. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.khrunichev.ru/main.php?id=44&lang=en |title=Angara launchers family on manufacturer website | publisher=Khrunichev.ru | accessdate=2014-01-22}}
3. ^The market for launching small satellite in Russia... {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224211527/http://www.commercialspace.co.uk/rus/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/THE-MARKET-FOR-LAUNCHING-SMALL-SATELLITE-IN-RUSSIA-ITS-PRESENT.pdf |date=2014-12-24 }}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.khrunichev.ru/main.php?id=1&nid=949&lang=en |title=Angara, Russia’s brand-new launch vehicle, is successfully launched from Plesetsk |publisher=Khrunichev |accessdate=2014-09-21}}
5. ^http://www.russianspaceweb.com/angara5_flight1.html Angara-5 takes to the sky
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/antares_osc.htm|title=Antares (Taurus-2)|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.orbitalatk.com/flight-systems/space-launch-vehicles/antares/docs/Antares_Factsheet.pdf |title=Antares - Fact Sheet |id=FS007 06 OA 3695 021317 |publisher=Orbital Sciences |year=2017 |accessdate=12 February 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/Antares_fact.pdf |title=Antares Medium-class Launch Vehicle: Fact Sheet |format=PDF |publisher=Orbital Sciences Corporation |year=2013 |accessdate=April 25, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603115601/http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/Antares_fact.pdf |archivedate=June 3, 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Launchers_Home/SEMN2E67ESD_0.html|title=ESA|first=|last=esa|website=European Space Agency|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
10. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ariane.htm|title=Ariane-1, -2, -3, -4|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
11. ^{{cite news |url=http://spaceflight101.com/ariane-5-va232-launch-success/ |title=Intelsat Pair lifted into Orbit in Record-Setting Ariane 5 Launch |work=Spaceflight 101 |date=24 August 2016 |access-date=25 August 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ariane5.htm|title=Ariane-5|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/media/10998.pdf|title=FAA Semi- Annual Launch Report|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web| title = Arianespace aims high in Asia-Pacific| url = https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/arianespace-aims-high-in-asia-pacific-425928/| publisher = Flightglobal| accessdate = 1 June 2016}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/aslv.htm|title=ASLV page, Astronautix|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Lunar Prospector|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/lunector.htm|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=4 June 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522231928/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/lunector.htm|archivedate=22 May 2013|df=}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Athena-2|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/athena2.htm|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=4 June 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108140050/http://astronautix.com/lvs/athena2.htm|archivedate=8 November 2013|df=}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/atlas-g_centaur-d1ar.htm|title=Atlas-G Centaur-D1AR|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/atlas.htm|title=Atlas Family|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Atlas I|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/atlasi.htm|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=8 June 2013}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/atlas-1.htm|title=Atlas-1 (Atlas-I)|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
22. ^Spaceflight Now, Atlas IIAS (accessed 24 Sept 2014)
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/atlas-2as.htm|title=Atlas-2AS (Atlas-IIAS)|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
24. ^Tariq Malik "Final Atlas 2 Rocket Orbits Classified U.S. Satellite", Space News, August 31, 2004 (Accessed 24 Sept 2014)
25. ^Space Launch Report: Atlas III Data Sheet (accessed 24 Sept. 2014)
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/atlsiiia.htm |title=Atlas IIIA |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Atlas V Product Page|url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/products_atlasv.aspx|publisher=United Launch Alliance|accessdate=29 August 2014}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=LRO/LCROSS Press Kit|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/360020main_LRO_LCROSS_presskit2.pdf|publisher=NASA|accessdate=3 June 2013}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdUX3ypDVwI|title=Making Life Multiplanetary|first=|last=SpaceX|date=29 September 2017|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017|via=YouTube}}
30. ^{{cite news |last=Foust|first=Jeff |url=http://spacenews.com/musk-unveils-revised-version-of-giant-interplanetary-launch-system/ |title=Musk unveils revised version of giant interplanetary launch system |work=SpaceNews |date=2017-09-29 |accessdate=2017-10-16 }}
31. ^{{cite news|last1=Ralph|first1=Eric|title=SpaceX will launch its Mars spaceship into orbit as early as 2020|url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-bfr-mars-spaceship-launch-orbit-2020/|accessdate=12 March 2018|publisher=Teslarati.com}}
32. ^https://www.spacex.com/mars
33. ^{{cite book|last=Hill|first=C. N.|title=A Vertical Empire: The History of the UK Rocket and Space Programme, 1950-1971|publisher=Imperial College Press|location=London|year=2001|edition=2006|pages=155–188|chapter=Black Arrow|isbn=1-86094-268-7}}
34. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/thor.htm|title=Thor Family|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
35. ^Full perfs of Delta Family, SkyRocket.de {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/60dqY3Xtj?url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm |date=2011-08-02 }}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-7925h.htm|title=Delta-7925H (Delta-II)|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/delta3.htm|title=Delta 3 on Encyclopedia Astronautica, Astronautix|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112150745/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/delta3.htm|archivedate=12 November 2013|df=}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Delta III Data Sheet|url=http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/delta3.html|website=Space Launch Report|accessdate=22 September 2014}}
39. ^Delta IV Heavy Delta IV
40. ^{{cite web|title=Dnepr SLS User’s Guide|url=http://snebulos.mit.edu/projects/reference/launch_vehicles/DNEPR/Dnepr_User_Guide.pdf|publisher=ISC Kosmotras|accessdate=3 June 2013}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/dnepr.htm|title=Dnepr|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
42. ^{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/12/30/iridium-satellites-closed-up-for-launch-on-falcon-9-rocket/ |title=Iridium satellites closed up for launch on Falcon 9 rocket |work=Spaceflight Now |first=Stephen |last=Clark |date=30 December 2016 |access-date=30 December 2016 |quote= Russian officials have said they plan to discontinue Dnepr launches.}}
43. ^{{cite web |url=https://rocketlabusa.com/electron/ |title=Electron |publisher=Rocket Lab |accessdate=26 June 2018}}
44. ^Russian Space Web, Energia page. Accessed 21 September 2010
45. ^JAXA pages: Epsilon Design E {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610095345/http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/rockets/epsilon/design_e.html |date=2013-06-10 }}, and Result E
46. ^JAXA, Epsilon E press package
47. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/falcon1.htm|title=Encyclopedia Astronautica Falcon 1|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216100429/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/falcon1.htm|archivedate=16 December 2013|df=}}
48. ^1 {{cite news | title = Commercial launch of SpaceX Falcon 1 rocket a success | first = Stephen | last = Clark | date = July 14, 2009 | publisher = Spaceflight Now | url = http://www.spaceflightnow.com/falcon/005/ }}
49. ^{{cite web|last1=de Selding|first1=Peter|title=Satellite Left Stranded by SpaceX Rocket Falls From Space|url=http://www.space.com/18049-spacex-rocket-stranded-satellite-falls-space.html|website=Space.com|accessdate=6 September 2014}}
50. ^{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/771357538738577408|title=SpaceX on Twitter|access-date=2016-09-01}}
51. ^{{cite web|title=SpaceX Product Page|url=http://www.spacex.com/about/capabilities|publisher=SpaceX|accessdate=20 April 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007205105/http://www.spacex.com/about/capabilities|archivedate=7 October 2013|df=}}
52. ^{{Cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/falcon-9.htm|title=Falcon-9 Family|website=space.skyrocket.de|access-date=2016-04-14}}
53. ^{{cite news |last=Clark|first=Stephen |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1104/05falconheavy/ |title=SpaceX enters the realm of heavy-lift rocketry |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=2011-04-05 |accessdate= 2012-08-12 }}
54. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.spacex.com/falcon_heavy.php | title=Space Exploration Technologies Corporation - Falcon Heavy | publisher=SpaceX | year=2013 |accessdate=2013-04-20}}
55. ^{{cite news|last1=Sheetz|first1=Michael|title=Elon Musk says the new SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket crushes its competition on cost|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/12/elon-musk-spacex-falcon-heavy-costs-150-million-at-most.html|accessdate=12 February 2018|publisher=CNBC}}
56. ^{{cite web |title=GSLV Mk.1 (2) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/gslv_mk1_2.htm |accessdate=2014-01-05}}
57. ^ISRO GSLV {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208085900/http://www.isro.gov.in/Launchvehicles/GSLV/gslv.aspx |date=2014-02-08 }}
58. ^{{cite web |title=GSLV |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/gslv.htm |accessdate=2014-01-05}}
59. ^{{cite web |title=GSLV Mk.1 (2) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/gslv_mk1_2.htm |accessdate=2014-01-05}}
60. ^ISRO GSLV {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208085900/http://www.isro.gov.in/Launchvehicles/GSLV/gslv.aspx |date=2014-02-08 }}
61. ^{{cite web |title=GSLV |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/gslv.htm |accessdate=2014-01-05}}
62. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/lvm-3-care-mission |title=First Experimental Flight of GSLV Mk-III Successful|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |accessdate=2017-06-11}}
63. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/gslv-mk-iii |title=GSLV Mk.III |date=2009-12-07 |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |accessdate=2017-06-11}}
64. ^{{cite web|title=H-1|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/h1.htm|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108000000/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/h1.htm|archivedate=2017-11-08|df=}}
65. ^{{cite web|title=H-IIB Launch Vehicle|url=http://www.mhi.co.jp/en/products/detail/h2b.html|publisher=Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409203117/http://www.mhi.co.jp/en/products/detail/h2b.html|archivedate=2014-04-09|df=}}
66. ^{{cite web|title=Haas Orbital Rocket Launcher|url=http://www.arcaspace.com/images/Haas_Orbital_Rocket_Launcher.pdf|publisher=Aeronautics and Cosmonautics Romanian Association|accessdate=11 December 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722021228/https://www.arcaspace.com/images/Haas_Orbital_Rocket_Launcher.pdf|archivedate=22 July 2012|df=}}
67. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.universetoday.com/134812/arca-unveils-worlds-first-single-stage-orbit-rocket/|title=ARCA Unveils the World’s first Single-Stage-to-Orbit Rocket|date=2017-03-31|accessdate=2017-03-31}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/kos1k65m.htm|title=Kosmos 3M page on Encyclopedia Astronautica|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128151457/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/kos1k65m.htm|archivedate=28 January 2012|df=}}
69. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kosmos-2.htm|title=Kosmos / Kosmos-2|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
70. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz1d.htm|title=CZ-1D page on Encyclopedia Astronautica|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232235/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz1d.htm|archivedate=30 December 2013|df=}}
71. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-1.htm|title=CZ-1|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
72. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/fam/retired.htm|title=List of retired launchers, Encyclopedia Astronautica|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316225917/http://astronautix.com/fam/retired.htm|archivedate=16 March 2016|df=}}
73. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/df-5.htm|title=DF-5 Family|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
74. ^{{cite news |title=Long March 5 Will Have World's Second Largest Carrying Capacity |url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Long_March_5_Will_Have_World_Second_Largest_Carrying_Capacity_999.html |accessdate=2012-09-04 |newspaper=Space Daily|date=2009-03-04}}
75. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.space.com/16814-china-engine-test-long-march-5-rocket.html |title=China Tests Powerful Rocket Engine for New Booster |publisher=Space.com |author=Space.com staff |date=30 July 2012 |quote=The more capable Long March 5 rocket is expected to help the country achieve its goal of constructing a space station in orbit by the year 2020, as well as play a key role in China's future space exploration aims beyond low-Earth orbit. The rocket's maiden launch is expected to occur in '}}
76. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-6.htm|title=CZ-6 (Chang Zheng-6)|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
77. ^{{cite journal|last=Perrett|first=Bradley|title=Longer Marches|journal=Aviation Week|date=2010-03-15}}
78. ^1 Orbital Sciences, Minotaur History {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204074139/http://www.orbital.com/SpaceLaunch/Minotaur/History/minotaur_history.shtml |date=December 4, 2013 }}
79. ^Orbital Sciences, [https://www.orbital.com/LaunchSystems/SpaceLaunchVehicles/Minotaur/MinotaurI/ Minotaur-1 Overview] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030042255/https://www.orbital.com/LaunchSystems/SpaceLaunchVehicles/Minotaur/MinotaurI/ |date=2014-10-30 }} (accessed 25 September 2014)]
80. ^Orbital Sciences, [https://www.orbital.com/LaunchSystems/SpaceLaunchVehicles/Minotaur/MinotaurIV,V,VI/ Minotaur IV-V-VI Overview] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716005619/https://www.orbital.com/LaunchSystems/SpaceLaunchVehicles/Minotaur/MinotaurIV,V,VI/ |date=2014-07-16 }} (accessed 25 September 2014)]
81. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/m-class.htm|title=M-class|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
82. ^{{cite web|title=Complex N1-L3 Components|url=http://www.energia.ru/en/history/systems/vehicles/vehicle_n1-l3_c.html|publisher=S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia"|accessdate=10 June 2013}}
83. ^{{cite web|title=N-2|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/n2.htm|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=12 June 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108110724/http://astronautix.com/lvs/n2.htm|archivedate=8 November 2013|df=}}
84. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/01/south-korea-stsat-2c-via-kslv-1/|title=South Korea launch STSAT-2C via KSLV-1|first=Chris|last=Bergin|publisher=NASASpaceflight.com|date=30 January 2013|accessdate=3 June 2013}}
85. ^{{cite web|title= Pegasus User’s Guide|url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/Pegasus_UG.pdf|publisher=Orbital Sciences Corporation|accessdate=3 June 2013}}
86. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ilslaunch.com/sites/default/files/pdf/PMPG%20Section%202.pdf |title=Proton Launch System Mission Planner’s Guide. Section 2. LV Performance | publisher=International Launch Services}}
87. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/soyz7kl1.htm | title=Soyuz 7K-L1 | publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516030357/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/soyz7kl1.htm | archivedate=2010-05-16 | df= }} Circumlunar probe launched by Proton-K/D.
88. ^{{cite report |url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/690/686613.pdf |title=Surplus Missile Motors |id=GAO-17-609 |publisher=United States Government Accountability Office |date=August 2017 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}
89. ^Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
90. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/pslv|title=PSLV - ISRO|website=www.isro.gov.in|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
91. ^{{cite web|title=Rockot User's Guide, Chapter 3: General Performance Capabilities (5.0)|url=http://www.eurockot.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Ch3UsersGuideIss5Rev0.pdf|publisher=Eurockot Launch Services|accessdate=11 June 2013}}
92. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/rokot.htm|title=Rokot (Rockot)|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
93. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/strela.htm|title=Strela|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
94. ^Russian Strela Launches Kondor Satellite (retrieved 24 Sept 2014)
95. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/safir.htm|title=Safir|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
96. ^1 NASA, [https://web.archive.org/web/20050416215829/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19710065502_1971065502.pdf Saturn launch vehicles] (PDF)
97. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/saturn-1.htm|title=Saturn-1 & Saturn-1B|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
98. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/saturn-5.htm|title=Saturn-5|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
99. ^{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/ch6.htm|title=ch6|website=history.nasa.gov|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
100. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/scout.htm|title=Scout Family|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
101. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/shavit1.htm|title=Shavit page on Encyclopedia Astronautica|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214030610/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/shavit1.htm|archivedate=14 February 2014|df=}}
102. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shtil_volna.htm|title=Vysota / Volna / Shtil|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
103. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/r-7.htm|title=R-7 Family|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
104. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.samspace.ru/products/launch_vehicles/rn_soyuz_2/|title=РКЦ Прогресс РН «Союз-2»|website=en.samspace.ru|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
105. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/simorgh.htm|title=Simorgh (Safir-2)|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
106. ^SLS fact sheet, PDF, Nasa website
107. ^{{cite news|last1=Clark|first1=Stephen|title=NASA expects first Space Launch System flight to slip into 2020|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/11/20/nasa-expects-first-space-launch-system-flight-to-slip-into-2020/|accessdate=20 November 2017|publisher=Spaceflight Now}}
108. ^Claude Lafleur, SLV / Indian Launch Vehicle, Spacecraft Encyclopedia (accessed Sept 25 2014)
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110. ^{{Cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/sslv.htm|title=SSLV|website=space.skyrocket.de|access-date=2018-12-25}}
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112. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/information/shuttle_faq.html |title=NASA – Space Shuttle and International Space Station |publisher=Nasa.gov |accessdate=August 7, 2010}}
113. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/start.htm|title=Start|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
114. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/taurus.htm|title=Taurus / Minotaur-C|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
115. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/thor.htm|title=Thor Family|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
116. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/titan.htm|title=Titan Family|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
117. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/titan-4.htm|title=Titan-4|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
118. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/tsiklon.htm|title=Tsiklon|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
119. ^http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2014/10/isros-unified-launch-vehicle-ulv.html
120. ^"North Korea Successfully Launches Satellite: Reports",SPACE.com, December 12, 2012 (accessed 24 Sept. 2014)
121. ^http://spaceflight101.com/status-of-north-korean-satellite-unknown-after-prolonged-radio-silence-reports-of-tumbling/
122. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/vanguard.htm|title=Vanguard Page on Encyclopedia Astronautica. Vanguard 3 satellite was 23 kg|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030092115/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/vanguard.htm|archivedate=30 October 2013|df=}}
123. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/vega.html|title=New Launchers - ESA Vega|first=Ed|last=Kyle|website=www.spacelaunchreport.com|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
124. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vls.htm|title=VLS|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
125. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/torybruno/status/595628488410963970|title=Lots of requests to update the Capabilities info-G with the #VulcanRocket. (ie; future systems). Here you go.pic.twitter.com/QGK835yStI|first=Tory|last=Bruno|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
126. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-ula-layoffs/united-launch-alliance-to-lay-off-up-to-875-by-end-of-2017-ceo-idUSKCN0XB2HQ|title=United Launch Alliance to lay off up to 875 by end of 2017: CEO|date=14 April 2016|publisher=|accessdate=2 November 2017|via=Reuters}}
127. ^{{Cite news|url=https://spacenews.com/ula-now-planning-first-launch-of-vulcan-in-2021/|title=ULA now planning first launch of Vulcan in 2021 - SpaceNews.com|date=2018-10-25|work=SpaceNews.com|access-date=2018-11-18|language=en-US}}
128. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlas-v-and-delta-iv-technical-summary.pdf|title=Atlas V, Delta IV and Vulcan technical summary|last=|first=|date=|website=ulalaunch.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-11-18}}
129. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/zenit.htm|title=Zenit Family|website=space.skyrocket.de|accessdate=2 November 2017}}
{{commons category|Rocket comparisons}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Orbital launcher family comparison}}

2 : Space launch vehicles|Technological comparisons
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