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词条 Comparison of orbital rocket engines
释义

  1. Engine data

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

{{Overcolored|date=January 2019}}

This page is an incomplete list of orbital rocket engine data.

Engine data

{{expand list|date=September 2016}}{{colorbox|khaki}}{{nbsp}}Under development; {{colorbox|#f8f9fa}}{{nbsp}}Operational or inactive; {{colorbox|lightgrey}}{{nbsp}}Retired or canceled;
Engine Origin Designer Vehicle Use Propellantname=VSL|At sea level if denoted SL, in vacuum otherwisename=VSL Mass (kg)Weight is calculated at standard gravity. Chamber pressure (bar) Oxidiser:{{zwspfuel ratio
Aestus{{EUR}}}} Airbus Defence and Space Ariane 5 G, G+, ES Upper N2O4 / MMH324}}[1]30,000}}111}}27.6}}11}} 1.9
Aestus II {{EUR}} Airbus Defence and Space Ariane 5 Upper N2O4 / MMH340}}[2]55,400}}138}}41.0}}60}} 1.9
AJ-60AUSA}} Aerojet Atlas V Booster Solid275}}1,270,000}}[3]
AR1USA}} Aerojet Rocketdyne Vulcan (potential) 1st RP-1 / LOX2,200,000}} (SL)[4] 2.72
BE-3USA}} Blue Origin New Glenn
New Shepard		 1st, 2nd, 3rd LH2 / LOX490,000}}
BE-4USA}} Blue Origin New Glenn
Vulcan		 1st CH4 / LOX2,400,000}}[5][6]134}}[7]
First ever ion engine used as a main engine on an operational commercial satellite (PAS-5)}}USA}} Boeing Boeing 601HP satellites Vacuum Xenon2,568}} @0.5 kW0.018}} @0.5 kW
CE-20 {{IND}} LPSC GSLV Mk III Upper LH2 / LOX443}}200,000}}588}}34.760.00}} 5.05
CE-7.5 {{IND}} LPSC GSLV Mk II Upper LH2 / LOX454}}[8]73,500}} to {{nts|93,100}}445}}16.85}}58}}
Most powerful single-chamber liquid-fueled rocket engine ever developed}}USA}} Rocketdyne Saturn V 1st RP-1 / LOX304}}
{{nts|263}} (SL)		7,770,000}}
{{nts|6,770,000}} (SL)		8,391}}82.27}}70}} 2.27
Tested but never flown}}[9]USA}} Rocketdyne 1st RP-1 / LOX303}}
{{nts|270}} (SL)		8,989,000}}
{{nts|8,007,000}} (SL)		9,015}}90.6}}80}} 2.27
Gamma 2 {{UK}} Bristol Siddeley Black Arrow 2nd RP-1 / H2O2265}}[10]68,200}}173}}40.22}}}} 8
Gamma 8 {{UK}} Bristol Siddeley Black Arrow 1st RP-1 / H2O2265}}[11]234,800}}342}}70.01}}47.40}} 8
HadleyUSA}} Ursa Major Technologies GOLauncher 1[12] 1st RP-1 / LOX22,241}} (SL)[13]
Most efficient inert gas ion thruster ever built}}USA}} NASA Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Vacuum Xenon9,620}} @39.3 kW0.670}} @39.3 kW
HM-7A {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 1 3rd LH2 / LOX443}}[14]
{{nts|308}} (SL)		61,700}}149}}42.2}}30}} 5
HM-7B {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 2
Ariane 3
Ariane 4
Ariane 5 ECA		 Upper LH2 / LOX446}}[15]
{{nts|310}} (SL)[16]		64,800}}[15]
{{nts|43,600}} (SL)[16]		165}}[15]43.25}}37}}[15] 5
J-2USA}} Rocketdyne Saturn V
Saturn IB		 2nd, 3rd LH2 / LOX421}}[17]
{{nts|200}} (SL)		1,033,100}}
{{nts|486,200}} (SL)		1,438}}73.18}}30}} 5.5
J-2XUSA}} Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne SLS Upper LH2 / LOX448}}[18]{{convert|294,000|lbf|disp=number}}}}{{convert|5,450|lb|disp=number}}}}58.41}}{{convert|1380|psi|bar|disp=number}}}} 5.5–4.5
LE-5 {{JPN}} Mitsubishi
NASDA		 H-I Upper LH2 / LOX450}}[19]103,000}}245}}42.87}}36.0}} 5.5
LE-5A {{JPN}} Mitsubishi
NASDA		 H-II Upper LH2 / LOX452}}[20]121,500}}242}}51.19}}40.0}} 5
LE-5B {{JPN}} Mitsubishi
JAXA		 H-IIA
H-IIB		 Upper LH2 / LOX447}}[21]137,000}}269}}51.93}}36.0}} 5
LE-7 {{JPN}} Mitsubishi
NASDA		 H-II 1st LH2 / LOX446}}[22]1,078,000}}
{{nts|843,500}} (SL)		1,714}}64.13}}127}} 5.9
LE-7A {{JPN}} Mitsubishi
JAXA		 H-IIA
H-IIB		 1st LH2 / LOX438}}[23]
{{nts|338}} (SL)[23]		1,098,000}}1,800}}62.2}}121}} 5.9
Lightning 1[24]USA}} Firefly Aerospace Alpha 2nd RP-1 / LOX322}}70,100}}
Merlin 1CUSA}} SpaceX
  • Falcon 1
  • Falcon 9

}}		 1st, 2nd RP-1 / LOX304}}[25]
{{nts|266}} (SL)[26]		480,408}}[25]
{{nts|422,581}} (SL)[25]		630}}92}}[25]67.7}}
Merlin 1DUSA}} SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.1 1st RP-1 / LOX311}}[27]
{{nts|282}} (SL)[27]		723,000}}470}}158}}97}} 2.34
Merlin 1D FTUSA}} SpaceX Falcon 9 FT
Falcon Heavy		 1st RP-1 / LOX311}}[27]
{{nts|282}} (SL)[27]		914,000}}[28]
{{nts|845,000}} (SL)[28]		470}}194.5}}[28]
Merlin Vacuum 1CUSA}} SpaceX
  • Falcon 1
  • Falcon 9

}}		 2nd RP-1 / LOX336}}[26]413,644}}[26]92}}
Merlin Vacuum 1DUSA}} SpaceX Falcon 9
Falcon Heavy		 2nd RP-1 / LOX348}}[29]934,000}}[29] 2.36
Mira (LM10)Italy}} Avio Vega E[30] 3rd[31] CH4 / LOX[32]362.3}}[33]98,100}}[34]250}}[35]40}}[36]3.4}}[37]
NewtonThreeUSA}} Virgin Galactic LauncherOne Booster RP-1 / LOX266,893}}[38]
NewtonFourUSA}} Virgin Galactic LauncherOne 2nd RP-1 / LOX22,241}}[38]
NEXTUSA}} NASA Vacuum Xenon4,100}} @6.9 kW0.236}} @6.9 kW
NK-33A (AJ26-62)
11Д111 / 14Д15		USSR}} JSC Kuznetsov Antares 100
Soyuz-2-1v		 1st RP-1 / LOX331}}[39]1,638,000}}1,222}}136.8}}145}}
[40][41]{{efn>First ever ion engine used as a main engine on an operational science spacecraft (Deep Space 1)}}USA}} Hughes Electron Dynamics
Boeing		Deep Space 1}}
Dawn		 Vacuum Xenon3,100}} @2.3 kW0.0920}} @2.3 kW8.2}}
[42][43]{{rp>5}}[44] {{EUR}} Vega 1st HTPB280}}2,261,000}}96,000}} with fuel
P120C[45] {{EUR}} Ariane 6/Vega-C Booster, 1st HTPB[46]279}}[45]4,650,000}}[45]161,000}} with fuel[45]
P230 {{EUR}} SNPE and Avio Spa (Italy) Ariane 5 Booster HTPB286}}[47]
{{nts|259}} (SL)		6,470,000}}
{{nts|5,860,000}} (SL)		269,000}} with fuel[47]
PPS-1350 (СПД-100) {{RUS}}
 OKB Fakel SMART-1 Vacuum Xenon1,650}} @1.5 kW0.088}} @1.5 kW5.3}}
S139 {{IND}} SDSC PSLV 1st HTPB269}}[48]486,0000}}160,200}}
with fuel		58}}
Raptor[70]USA}} SpaceX BFR 1st, 2nd CH4 / LOX356}}[49]
{{nts|330}} (SL)		1,700,000}} (SL)300}}[50] 3.8
Raptor Vacuum[51]USA}} SpaceX BFR 2nd, 1st on Mars CH4 / LOX380}}+[52]1,900,000}}[49]300

}}[50]

 3.8
RD-0120
11Д122		USSR}} KBKhA Energia 1st LH2 / LOX455}}[53]1,962,000}}
{{nts|1,526,000}} (SL)		3,450}}57.80}}219}}
RD-0124
14Д23		 {{RUS}} KBKhA Soyuz-2.1b
Soyuz-2-1v
Angara		 2nd, 3rd RP-1 / LOX359}}[54]294,300}}520}}57.7}}160}}
RD-107A
14Д22		 {{RUS}} NPO Energomash Soyuz-FG
Soyuz-2		 1st RP-1 / LOX320.2}}[55]
{{nts|263.3}} (SL)		1,019,892}}
{{nts|839,449}} (SL)		1,090}}78.53}}61.2}}
RD-108A
14Д21		 {{RUS}} NPO Energomash Soyuz-FG
Soyuz-2		 2nd RP-1 / LOX320.6}}[55]
{{nts|257.7}} (SL)		921,825}}
{{nts|792,377}} (SL)		1,075}}75.16}}55.5}}
RD-117
11Д511		USSR}} NPO Energomash Soyuz-U 1st RP-1 / LOX316}}[56]
{{nts|253}} (SL)		978,000}}
{{nts|778,648}} (SL)		1,100}}72.18}}54.2}}
RD-118
11Д512		USSR}} NPO Energomash Soyuz-U 2nd RP-1 / LOX314}}[56]
{{nts|257}} (SL)		1,000,278}}
{{nts|818,855}} (SL)		1,100}}75.91}}59.7}}
name=RD-170|Most powerful multi-chamber rocket engine in the world}}11Д520 {{RUS}} NPO Energomash Zenit-2M
Zenit-3SL
Zenit-3SLB
Zenit-3SLBF
Soyuz-5		 1st RP-1 / LOX337.2}}[57]
{{nts|309.5}} (SL)		7,904,160}}
{{nts|7,256,921}} (SL)		9,300}}79.57}}250}}
name=RD-170}}11Д521USSR}} NPO Energomash Energia 1st RP-1 / LOX337.2}}
{{nts|309.5}} (SL)		7,904,160}}
{{nts|7,256,921}} (SL)		9,300}}79.57}}250}}
RD-180 {{RUS}} NPO Energomash Atlas V
Atlas III		 1st RP-1 / LOX338.4}}[58]
{{nts|311.9}} (SL)		4,152,136}}
{{nts|3,826,555}} (SL)		5,480}}71.2}}261.7}} 2.72
RD-181 {{RUS}} NPO Energomash Antares 200 1st RP-1 / LOX339.2}}[59]
{{nts|311.9}} (SL)		2,085,000}}
{{nts|1,922,000}} (SL)		2,200}}89}}262.6}}
RD-191 {{RUS}} NPO Energomash Angara 1st RP-1 / LOX337.5}}[60]
{{nts|311.2}} (SL)		2,084,894}}
{{nts|1,922,103}} (SL)		2,200}}89.09}}262.6}}
RD-193 {{RUS}} NPO Energomash Soyuz-2-1v 1st RP-1 / LOX337.5}}[61]
{{nts|311.2}}		2,084,894}}
{{nts|1,922,103}} (SL)		1,900}}103.15}}
RD-264
11Д119		USSR}} NPO Energomash Dnepr 1st N2O4 / UDMH318}}[62]
{{nts|293}} (SL)		4,521,000}}3,600}}128.15}}206}}
RD-275M
14Д14М		 {{RUS}} NPO Energomash Proton-M 1st N2O4 / UDMH315.8}}[63]
{{nts|288}} (SL)		1,831,882}}
{{nts|1,671,053}} (SL)		1,070}}171.2}}165.2}}
RD-56 (KVD-1)
11Д56У		 {{RUS}} KBKhM GSLV Mk I Upper LH2 / LOX462}}[64]69,626}}282}}25.17}}55.9}}
Reaver 1[24]USA}} Firefly Aerospace Alpha 1st RP-1 / LOX295.6}}184,000}}
RL-10A-4-2[65]USA}} Aerojet Rocketdyne Atlas IIIB
Atlas V		 Upper LH2 / LOX451}} 99,195 168 60.27 425.5
RL-10B-2[65]USA}} Aerojet Rocketdyne Delta III
Delta IV
SLS		 Upper LH2 / LOX 465.5 110,093 301 37.2744}}5.88
RL-10C-1[65]USA}} Aerojet Rocketdyne Delta III
Delta IV
SLS,
Vulcan		 Upper LH2 / LOX 450 101,820 191 54.544}}5.5
name=Shuttle-Inactive|Inactive since last Shuttle flight STS-135 in 2011}}USA}} Rocketdyne Space Shuttle
SLS		 1st LH2 / LOX452.3}}2,279,000}}
{{nts|1,860,000}} (SL)[66]		3,526}}53.79}}206.4}}
Most powerful hydrogen-fueled engine in the world}}USA}} Rocketdyne Delta IV
Delta IV Heavy		 1st LH2 / LOX414}}[67]3,560,000}}
{{nts|3,137,000}} (SL)		6,747}}53.80}}196}}{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2017}}
Rutherford {{NZL}} Rocket Lab Electron 1st, 2nd RP-1 / LOX327}}22,000}}
{{nts|16,890}} (SL)
S200 {{IND}} SDSC GSLV Mk III Booster HTPB274.5}}[68]5,150,000}}[69][70][71]207,000}}
with fuel[68]
SCE-200 {{IND}} LPSC GSLV Mk III
ULV		 Upper, main RP-1 / LOX335}}
{{nts|299}} (SL)		2,030,000}}
{{nts|1,820,000}} (SL)		2700}}180}}
Largest, most powerful solid-fuel rocket motor ever built}}USA}} Orbital ATK SLS Booster PBAN267}}16,000,000}}730,000}}
with fuel
SLV-1 {{IND}} Godrej & Boyce PSLV Booster HTPB253}}[72]502,600}}10,800}}
with fuel		43}}
Largest solid-fuel rocket motor ever flown, and the first to be used for primary propulsion on human spaceflight missions}}USA}} Thiokol Space Shuttle
Ares I		 Booster PBAN / APCP268}}14,000,000}}
{{nts|12,500,000}} (SL)		590,000}}
with fuel
SPT-100 {{RUS}} OKB Fakel LS-1300 satellites Vacuum Xenon1,500}} @1.35 kW0.083}} @1.35 kW3.5}}
SRB-A {{JPN}} IHI Aerospace
JAXA		 H-IIA Booster HTPB280}}[73]2,250,000}}76,400}} with fuel118}}
SRB-A3 {{JPN}} IHI Aerospace
JAXA		 H-IIB
Epsilon		 Booster BP-207J[74]283.6}}[74]2,305,000}}
{{nts|2,150,000}} (SL)		76,600}}
with fuel		111}}
UA1207USA}} United Technologies Titan IV Booster PBAN272}}[75]
{{nts|245}} (SL)		7,116,000}}
{{nts|6,410,400}} (SL)		319,330}}
with fuel
VASIMRUSA}} Ad Astra Rocket Company Vacuum Argon5,000}} @200 kW5.7}} @200 kW
Vikas (rocket engine) {{IND}} LPSC
  • PSLV
  • GSLV
  • GSLV Mk III

}}		 2nd, main, booster N2O4 / UDMH262}}680,500}}–804,500
{{nts|600,500}}–756,500 (SL)		53.0}}–58.5
Viking 2 {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 1 1st N2O4 / UDMH690,000}}
{{nts|611,200}} (SL)		776}}90.67}}
Viking 2B {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 2
Ariane 3		 1st N2O4 / UH 25643,000}} (SL)776}}84.5}}
Viking 4 {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 1 2nd N2O4 / UDMH713,000}}826}}88}}
Viking 4B {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 2
Ariane 3
Ariane 4		 2nd N2O4 / UH 25800,000}}826}}98.76}}
Viking 5C {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 4 1st N2O4 / UH 25758,000}}
{{nts|678,000}} (SL)		826}}93.57}}
Viking 6 {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 4 Booster N2O4 / UH 25750,000}}826}}92.59}}
Vinci {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 6 Upper LH2 / LOX467}}[76]180,000}}280}}65.60}}61}}
Vulcain
HM-60		 {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 5 1st LH2 / LOX439}}[77]
{{nts|326}} (SL)[78]		1,113,000}}[77]
{{nts|773,200}} (SL)[78]		1,300}}[78]84.38}}109}}[77]
Vulcain 2 {{EUR}} Snecma Ariane 5 1st LH2 / LOX429}}[79]
{{nts|318}} (SL)[80]		1,359,000}}[79]
{{nts|939,500}} (SL)[80]		1,800}}[78]77.04}}117.3}}[79]
Waxwing {{UK}} Bristol Aerojet Black Arrow UpperSolid278}}[81]
{{nts|245}} (SL)		29,400}}
{{nts|25,900}} (SL)		87}}34.48}}
XIPS-25USA}} Boeing Boeing 702 satellites Vacuum Xenon3,500}} @4.5 kW0.165}} @4.5 kW
YF-100 {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 5
  • Long March 6
  • Long March 7

}}		 Booster, 1st RP-1 / LOX335}}[82]
{{nts|300}} (SL)		1,340,000}}
{{nts|1,200,000}} (SL)		180}}
YF-115 {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 6
  • Long March 7

}}		 2nd RP-1 / LOX341.5}}176,500}}
YF-21B {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 2E
  • Long March 2F
  • Long March 3

}}		 Booster, 1st N2O4 / UDMH260.66}} (SL)[83]2,961,600}} (SL)[83]
YF-21C {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 2C
  • Long March 2D
  • Long March 3A
  • Long March 3B
  • Long March 3C
  • Long March 4B
  • Long March 4C

}}		 1st N2O4 / UDMH260.7}} (SL)[84]2,961,600}} (SL)[83]
YF-25 {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 3B
  • Long March 3C

}}		 Booster N2O4 / UDMH260.66}} (SL)[85]740,400}} (SL)[83]
YF-22B {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 2E
  • Long March 2F

}}		 2nd N2O4 / UDMH298.0}}[83]738,400}}
YF-22C {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 2C
  • Long March 2D
  • Long March 4B
  • Long March 4C

}}		 2nd N2O4 / UDMH298.0}}[83]742,040}}
YF-22D {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 3

}}		 2nd N2O4 / UDMH298.0}}[83]741,400}}
YF-22E {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 3A
  • Long March 3B
  • Long March 3C

}}		 2nd N2O4 / UDMH298.0}}[83]741,400}}
YF-40 {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 4B
  • Long March 4C

}}		 3rd N2O4 / UDMH303}}103,000}}
YF-50D {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 3B
  • Long March 3C
  • Long March 5
  • Long March 7

}}		 Upper N2O4 / UDMH315.5}}6,500}}
YF-73 {{CHN}} AALPT Long March 3 3rd LH2 / LOX420.0}}44,150}}
YF-75 {{CHN}} AALPT
  • Long March 3A
  • Long March 3B
  • Long March 3C

}}		 3rd LH2 / LOX438.0}}[83]167,170}}
YF-75D {{CHN}} AALPT Long March 5 2nd LH2 / LOX442.0}}86,260}}
YF-77 {{CHN}} AALPT Long March 5 1st LH2 / LOX430}}
{{nts|310.2}} (SL)		700,000}}
{{nts|510,000}} (SL)		2,700}}102}}
Rodong-1North Korea}} Korean Committee of Space Technology Nodong engine[86] 1st UDMH / AK27280,000}}
Raptor (Starship version)USA}} SpaceX
  • Starship
  • Falcon Super Heavy
  • Starship Hopper
 1st CH4 / LOX1,530,188.24}}268.9}}[87]

See also

  • Comparison of orbital launch systems
  • Comparison of orbital launchers families
  • Comparison of orbital spacecraft
  • Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
  • Comparison of solid-fuelled orbital launch systems
  • List of space launch system designs
  • List of orbital launch systems

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^{{cite web |url= http://cs.astrium.eads.net/sp/launcher-propulsion/rocket-engines/aestus-rocket-engine.html |title=Aestus Rocket Engine |publisher=Airbus Defence and Space |accessdate=29 January 2014 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420140731/http://cs.astrium.eads.net/sp/launcher-propulsion/rocket-engines/aestus-rocket-engine.html |archive-date=2015-04-20}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://cs.astrium.eads.net/sp/launcher-propulsion/rocket-engines/aestus-rs72-rocket-engine.html |title=Aestus Rocket Engine |publisher=Airbus Defence and Space |accessdate=29 January 2014 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528225225/http://cs.astrium.eads.net/sp/launcher-propulsion/rocket-engines/aestus-rs72-rocket-engine.html |archive-date=2015-05-28 |df= }}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Atlas V Solid Rocket Motor|url=http://www.rocket.com/atlas-v-solid-rocket-motor|publisher=Aerojet Rocketdyne|accessdate=2015-06-02}}
4. ^http://www.rocket.com/ar1-booster-engine
5. ^{{cite news |last1=Ferster |first1=Warren |title=ULA To Invest in Blue Origin Engine as RD-180 Replacement |url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/41901ula-to-invest-in-blue-origin-engine-as-rd-180-replacement |accessdate=2014-09-19 |work=Space News |date=2014-09-17 }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.blueorigin.com/media/press_release/united-launch-alliance-and-blue-origin-announce-partnership-to-develop-new |title=BE-4 |publisher=Blue Origin |accessdate=17 September 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917232046/http://www.blueorigin.com/media/press_release/united-launch-alliance-and-blue-origin-announce-partnership-to-develop-new |archivedate=17 September 2014 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite news |last=Berger |first=Eric |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/03/behind-the-curtain-ars-goes-inside-blue-origins-secretive-rocket-factory/ |title=Behind the curtain: Ars goes inside Blue Origin’s secretive rocket factory |work=Ars Technica |date=2016-03-09 |accessdate=2016-03-09 }}
8. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.spaceflight101.com/gslv-launch-vehicle-information.html | title=GSLV Launch Vehicle Information | accessdate=6 January 2014}}
9. ^[https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930019136.pdf Alternate Propulsion Subsystem Concepts NAS8-39210 DCN 1-1-PP-02147]
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/gamma2.htm |title=Gamma 2 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522155041/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/gamma2.htm |archivedate=22 May 2013 |work=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=26 April 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/gamma8.htm |title=Gamma 8 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522155114/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/gamma8.htm |archivedate=22 May 2013 |work=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=26 April 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
12. ^{{Citation|last=TMRO|title=Generation Orbit - 9.28|date=2016-09-11|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CZ5ixpz6f8#t=45m|accessdate=2017-05-20}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ursamajortechnologies.com/#engines2|title=Home|website=Ursa Major Technologies|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-20}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/h/hm7-a.html |title=HM7-A |first=Mark |last=Wade |work=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=10 June 2017}}
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