“Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

There have been concerns and controversies about the 2022 Winter Olympics which will be hosted in Beijing, China.

Organizing concerns and controversies

Cost and climate

Several cities withdrew their applications during the bidding process, citing the high costs or the lack of local support to host the 2022 games, leaving Almaty in Kazakhstan and Beijing as the only candidate cities by 1 October 2014.^[1]

The decision to bid for the Olympics was controversial in China (and outside) because Beijing itself, and especially some of the proposed outdoor venues, does not have reliable snowfall in winter for snow sports. Concerns have been raised that snow may need to be transported to the venues at great cost and with uncertain environmental consequences.^[2]^[3]

Promotional song

Some commentators alleged that one of the early promotional songs for the 2022 Winter Olympics, called "The Snow and Ice Dance," has suspicious similarities with "Let It Go." A Chinese media outlet cited technical analysis of the two songs: Both songs employ a piano as the major instrument, have similar prelude chords and an eight-beat introduction, and they run at almost exactly the same tempo.^[4]^[5]

Environmental and Health issues

Impact on Songshan National Nature Reserve

The environmental impact of hosting the games near Beijing has been questioned. Some of the proposed venues will be adjacent to the Songshan National Nature Reserve and part of the same mountain system, and the environmental impact on the nature reserve of construction, and artificially covering parts of the mountain with snow, is uncertain.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Censorship

Domestic Chinese criticism and debate on the potential environmental impacts caused by the game are censored by the Chinese government on the press and internet.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Human rights abuse

After China had won the bid to host the 2022 Olympics, many Tibetan protesters had criticized the IOC for allowing China to host the games due to its policies against Tibetans.^[12]

In October 2018, Senator Marco Rubio, on behalf of the U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China, asked that China be deprived of the hosting rights for the 2022 Olympics because of the gross human rights violations prevailing there.^[13] International observers are skeptical about the success of the move, noting that the cancellation or boycott of sport events for political reasons is less popular now than it was in the 20th century.^[14]

References

1. ^{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3462070/olympics-winter-2022/|title=Why Nobody Wants to Host the 2022 Winter Olympics|date=3 October 2014|agency=Time (magazine)|work=time.com|accessdate=19 September 2015|first=Lisa|last=Abend}}
2. ^Matt Schiavenza, "[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/07/a-winter-olympics-in-a-city-without-snow/400250/ A Winter Olympics in a City Without Snow]", The Atlantic, 31 July 2015
3. ^Tom Phillips, "[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/jul/31/beijing-2022-winter-olympics-snow Beijing promises to overcome lack of snow for 2022 Winter Olympics]", The Guardian, 31 July 2015
4. ^{{cite news|author1=Didi Kirsten Tatlow|title=To Some, Beijing Olympics Song Is Suspiciously Similar to Ballad From Disney’s ‘Frozen’|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/04/world/asia/to-some-song-of-beijing-games-is-suspiciously-similar-to-a-disney-ballad.html?_r=0|accessdate=5 August 2015|work=The New York Times|date=3 August 2015}}
5. ^{{cite news|last1=Jiang|first1=Steven|title=Is China's 2022 Winter Olympics song too much like 'Frozen's' 'Let It Go'?|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/04/china/china-winter-olympics-song-frozen/|accessdate=5 August 2015|work=CNN|date=4 August 2015}}
6. ^"[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/10/world/asia/water-intensive-beijing-olympic-bid-alarms-environmentalists.html Scientists Question Environmental Impact of China's Winter Olympics]", New York Times, 9 April 2015
7. ^"Winter Olympic Games venues in China 'pose threat to Beijing nature reserve'", South China Morning Post, 4 August 2015
8. ^{{cite journal|title=Chinese biologists lead outcry over Winter Olympics ski site|journal=Nature|date=11 August 2015|url=http://www.nature.com/news/chinese-biologists-lead-outcry-over-winter-olympics-ski-site-1.18174}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Beijing named as host for 2022 Winter Olympics|url=http://m.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=11490409|accessdate=5 August 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/beijing-winter-olympics-2022s-environmental-impact-includes-nature-reserve-damage-2036501|title=Beijing Winter Olympics 2022's Environmental Impact Includes Nature Reserve Damage, Critics Say |work=International Business Times|date=2015-08-03|accessdate=2015-08-12}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nature.com/news/chinese-biologists-lead-outcry-over-winter-olympics-ski-site-1.18174|title=Chinese biologists lead outcry over Winter Olympics ski site|work=自然(期刊) Nature|date=2015-08-11|accessdate=2015-08-12|doi=10.1038/nature.2015.18174}}
12. ^https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2015/07/28/tibetan-groups-campaign-against-2022-olympics-going-to-china/30771287/
13. ^James Diamond, [https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1070936/us-congressional-panel-calls-on-ioc-to-strip-beijing-of-2022-winter-olympics US Congressional panel calls on IOC to strip Beijing of 2022 Winter Olympics], Inside the Games, October 11, 2018.
14. ^Massimo Introvigne, [https://bitterwinter.org/beijing-2022-should-we-boycott-chinas-winter-olympics/ From Beijing 2008 to Beijing 2022: Should We Boycott China’s Winter Olympics?], Bitter Winter, February 14, 2019.