“Confederation of Iranian Students (founded 2009)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Confederation of Iranian Students (CIS) {{lang-fa|کنفدراسیون دانشجویان ایرانی}}, is a pro-western, Iranian student organization with more than 10,000 members inside Iran and abroad.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} Its principal objective is to empower the will and confidence of the Iranian people in their quest for freedom. It reaches out to students through social, cultural, artistic, literary, and sports activities. CIS works to promote freedom, human rights and democracy in Iran. The Confederation educates the public, organizes, and mobilizes grass-root support in the United States, Europe, and Iran to promote freedom of expression, press, and religion – the constitutional foundations of a new free, secular and democratic Iran.^[1]

Overview

The Confederation of Iranian Students (CIS) was founded by Amir Abbas Fakhravar, Arzhang Davoodi, "Peyman Aref" and "Helia Honarmand" and "Roza Radbeh" after the July 9, 1999 student uprising in Iran. The name of this organization was Independent Student Movement first and in July 2005 it was changed to Confederation of Iranian Students (CIS) . CIS claims to have over 10,000 members,{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} with student Federations in Iran, the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Canada, Japan, Malaysia, Austria, and Turkey. It is the largest International Iranian student movement active both inside and outside of Iran. According to various Iranian opposition groups, CIS may be a front for the Iranian government which aims at identifying regime opponents.

CIS and Amnesty International

CIS role in Iran's Oil sanctions

CIS have been working successfully with the U.S. Congress and Senate to design and support the adoption of strong oil and gas, and financial sanctions against the Iranian regime to cut the revenue flows essential for the regime to survive. International sanctions are now bankrupting the regime and the Iranian people are holding the regime responsible for their food and fuel shortages and increasing poverty. CIS has been especially effective in mobilizing European Union support for strong sanctions and raising the awareness of European publics of the plight of the Iranian people who seek a free, democratic and secular government to replace the illegitimate and corrupt regime now in power. U.S. CRS in its report which is published on State Departments website notified CIS role in Iranian OIl Sanction; "CIS supports imposition of severe sanctions against Iran, including total oil sale embargo to deprive the regime of the funds it needs to pay its security forces." ^[6]

CIS and Democratic Transition in Iran

CIS hosted Iran Democratic Transition Conference I (IDTC 1) at The George Washington University and United States Congress on January 22–24, 2011 and June 19, 2011. This conference was sponsored and coordinated by the Institute of World Politics and Confederation of Iranian Students (CIS). Iran Democratic Transition Conference takes a pragmatic approach to exploring the prospects of political change in Iran and to paving the way for the establishment of a secular, pluralistic, democratic government in Iran. A host of expert Iranian panelists, Iran scholars, and U.S. law makers will discuss policy, strategic, and social issues to establish a shared vision of liberty. Key Topics at this conference were: Transition to Democracy: Challenges and Opportunities; New Media: Cyber Revolution and Individualism; New Generation: Demands, Abilities and Political Vision; Secularism: Ideology and Alternatives; Sanctions: "Behavior Change" or "Regime Change"?; Oppositions Leadership: In Exile or from Within?; New Constitution: "Reform" or "Regime Change"; Iran and the World: Mutual Commitments; Remembering Neda, The Face of the Iranian Green Movement, on her Birthday.^[7]

IDTC Speakers

The "Iran Democratic Transition Conference II" with the title of "Remembering Neda, the symbol of Freedom and Democracy in Iran" took place on the anniversary of the day her life was brutally taken as she was peacefully participating in a people's march in Tehran, giving rise to what has since become known as The Iranian Green Movement. Since then, the Movement has inspired other young people in undemocratic nations in the region, who are rising up to the call for freedom. This conference will examine the dynamics of the Green Movement, the role of secularism versus religion in the political life of Iran; the question of religious freedom in an Islamic society; the role of the media; and the implications of the Green Movement for U.S. policy. (IDTC 2) followed the highly successful conference (IDTC 1) held at the George Washington University and the U.S. Capitol in January, 2011. Participants included Senator John Cornyn (R-TX), Senator Jeff Sessions (R-AL), Congressman Ted Deutch (D-FL), and Congressman Trent Franks (R-AZ), as well as representatives from the National Democratic Institute (NDI) and the International Republican Institute (IRI). The conference engaged students, non-governmental organizations, academics, and others, both inside and outside Iran, for the purpose of contributing to a better global understanding of the needs and desires of the Iranian people as they seek greater liberty of expression and political engagement. The present conference carries on the momentum and the spirit of that event by reaching out to the civil society of Iran.^[10]

CIS in United States Congressional Reports

The United States Congressional Research Service report dated September 5, 2012, stated the following regarding CIS: “Opposition/”Green Path Hope.” All of the blocs and personalities below can be considered part of the Green Path of Hope opposition/revolutionary movement. However, overall leadership of the opposition is unclear, with several components competing for preeminence and the ability to determine the direction of the protest movement. Student Opposition Leaders/Confederation of Iranian Students/Office of Consolidation of Unity (Daftar Tahkim-e- Vahdat). Staunch oppositionists and revolutionaries, many now favor replacement of the regime with secular democracy. Generally young and well-educated, want free and open media and contact with the West. Many are women. One key bloc in this group is the Confederation of Iranian Students (CIS), led by Amir Abbas Fakhravar, who was jailed for five years for participating in July 1999 student riots. CIS, committed to non-violent resistance, is an offshoot/competitor of the Office of Consolidation Unity, which led the 1999 riots. At the time of those riots, most students were strong Khatemi supporters, but turned against him for acquiescing to hardliner demands that he crack down on the rioting. The crackdown killed four students. Student leaders currently attempting, with mixed success, to gain support of older generation, labor, clerics, village-dwellers, and other segments. CIS supports imposition of severe sanctions against Iran, including a total oil sale embargo, to deprive the regime of the funds it needs to pay its security forces. CIS and other student activists purportedly developing list of Iranian officials who they assert have committed major human rights abuses—an intended parallel to the “deck of cards” of alleged Saddam-regime “war criminals” developed by the United States before the overthrow of Saddam."^[11]

References

1. ^CIS. Confederation of Iranian students, Confederation of Iranian Students, July 9, 1999.
2. ^[https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act60/008/2004/en/ Amnesty International Urgent action alert to support Amir Abbas Fakhravar], April 2004.
3. ^[https://www.amnesty.org/en/news/iran-must-immediately-release-prisoner-conscience-arzhang-davoodi-2012-08-24 Amnesty International Urgent action alert to support Arzhang Davoodi] {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/6A9y3i6LE?url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/iran-must-immediately-release-prisoner-conscience-arzhang-davoodi-2012-08-24 |date=2012-08-24 }}, August 2012.
4. ^[https://www.amnesty.org/en/ai_search?keywords=nahid+kalhor&show_advanced=false&title=&ai_index=&sort=date&start_date%5Bdate%5D=&end_date%5Bdate%5D=&language%5Ben%5D=en&document_types%5Breports%5D=reports&document_types%5Bpress_materials%5D=press_materials&document_types%5Burgent_actions%5D=urgent_actions&document_types%5Baudio_video%5D=audio_video&document_types%5Bevent%5D=event&document_types%5Bother%5D=other&form_build_id=form-c0da619d3572678e97f8e007c17f8470&form_id=amnestysearch_filters_form&op=Search Amnesty International Urgent action alert to support Nahid Kalhori], June 5, 2008.
5. ^[https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE13/047/2011/en Amnesty International Urgent action alert to support Shiva Kamalipour-Azad and Mohammad Reza Fakhravar], May 6, 2011.
6. ^Dr. Kenneth Katzman. [https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/145574.pdf Iran: U.S. concern and Policy response], Congressional Research Service, July 23, 2010. pp. 4-5. Retrieved on July 23, 2010.
7. ^Iran DTC official website, January 22–24, 2011.
8. ^Dr. Walid Phares a member of Gov. Mitt Romney's special advisory team {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011191606/http://www.mittromney.com/blogs/mitts-view/2011/10/mitt-romney-announces-foreign-policy-and-national-security-advisory-team |date=2012-10-11 }}
9. ^Iran Democratic Transition Conference {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111032035/http://iwp.edu/events/detail/iran-democratic-transition-conference |date=2013-01-11 }}, January 22–24, 2011.
10. ^Iran Democratic Transition Conference II {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823225703/http://www.iwp.edu/news_publications/detail/remembering-neda-symbol-of-freedom-and-democracy-in-iran |date=2011-08-23 }}, June 19, 2011.
11. ^Dr. Kenneth Katzman. Iran: U.S. concern and Policy response, Congressional Research Service, July 23, 2010. pp. 4-5. Retrieved on September 5, 2012.