| 词条 | Pollock, Louisiana |
| 释义 |
| name = Pollock, Louisiana | official_name = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = "Growing for the Future"[1] | anthem = | image_map = File:Grant Parish Louisiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Pollock Highlighted.svg | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Pollock in Grant Parish, Louisiana. | image_map1 = Louisiana in United States (US48).svg | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = Location of Louisiana in the United States | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_label = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|31|31|29|N|92|24|32|W|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | grid_name = | grid_position = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Louisiana | subdivision_type2 = Parish | subdivision_name2 = Grant | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | established_title = Founded | established_date = | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | established_title4 = | established_date4 = | established_title5 = | established_date5 = | established_title6 = | established_date6 = | established_title7 = | established_date7 = | extinct_title = | extinct_date = | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = | seat = | seat1_type = | seat1 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | governing_body = | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = Jerome Scott | total_type = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = [2] | area_total_km2 = 20.37 | area_total_sq_mi = 7.87 | area_land_km2 = 20.29 | area_land_sq_mi = 7.84 | area_water_km2 = 0.08 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.03 | area_water_percent = | area_metro_footnotes = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = 118 | elevation_point = | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_max_point = | elevation_max_rank = | elevation_min_footnotes = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_ft = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_min_rank = | population_as_of = 2010 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 469 | pop_est_as_of = 2016 | pop_est_footnotes = [3] | population_est = 484 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = 23.85 | population_density_sq_mi = 61.77 | population_metro_footnotes = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_density = | population_density_rank = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = | population_blank2_title = | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank2_km2 = | population_density_blank2_sq_mi = | population_demonym = | population_note = | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | demographics_type2 = | demographics2_footnotes = | demographics2_title1 = | demographics2_info1 = | timezone1 = CST | utc_offset1 = -6 | timezone1_DST = CDT | utc_offset1_DST = -5 | timezone2 = | utc_offset2 = | timezone2_DST = | utc_offset2_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | postal2_code_type = | postal2_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = 318 | geocode = | iso_code = | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = 22-61580 | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | blank2_name = | blank2_info = | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | blank1_name_sec2 = | blank1_info_sec2 = | blank2_name_sec2 = Wikimedia Commons | blank2_info_sec2 = | website = {{URL|www.pollockla.us}} | footnotes = }} Pollock is a small town in Grant Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is part of the Alexandria, Louisiana Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 469 as of the 2010 census,[3] up from 376 in 2000. Pollock and southern Grant Parish have been experiencing residential and business growth in recent years. The population of Pollock increased between the 2000 and 2010 censuses as a result of the annexation of the land surrounding a federal prison, the United States Penitentiary, Pollock.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} HistoryThe town proper that sprang up in 1892 around a sawmill was named in honor of the manager of the Big Creek Sawmill and Lumber Company, Captain James W. Pollock.[4] Pollock was for many years a sundown town, a community that did not allow black people to be there after sundown.[5] Historian Herbert Aptheker reported a sign "N——— stay out of Pollock" at the town's boundary during World War II when he commanded a group of black soldiers nearby.[6] The town's official history notes "the few individuals of African descent" living in the Pollock area left soon after the Colfax riot.[7] The Louisiana Almanac reported that as late as 1990, Pollock still had no black residents.[8][9] In 2013, the Pollock Town Hall relocated to the historic Foster house, built in 1913 and donated to the town by its owners, an arrangement devised by Mayor Jerome Scott. The municipal building is located off Louisiana Highway 8 West and across from a public park.[10] On June 30, 2015, Patricia Marie Connella Gunter, an Independent,[11] resigned as the District D justice of the peace for Grant Parish amid the United States Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, which requires states to offer same-sex marriages and to recognize such unions approved in other states.[13] Gunter is married to the Reverend Brian Keith Gunter, a member of the Republican Party[12] and the pastor of the First Baptist Church of Pollock. Gunter said that she cannot "uphold the oath that I swore, which states that I will uphold the laws of this state and of the country. Same-sex marriage is now the law of the land and eventually, be it a month or a year when the legalities are sorted out, gay marriages will be conducted, and those who refuse would be subjected to ethics complaints and targets for litigation. We just decided that it was best for me to get out of the line of fire when it comes, and it is coming."[13] Gunter had been JP for only four months since her victory in a special election in February 2015.[14] GeographyPollock is located in southeastern Grant Parish at {{Coord|31|31|29|N|92|24|32|W|type:city}} (31.524760, -92.408866)[15] and has an elevation of {{convert|118|ft|1}}.[16] U.S. Route 165 is the main highway through the town, leading north {{convert|16|mi}} to Georgetown and south 16 miles to Alexandria. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of {{convert|3.3|km2|order=flip}}, all land.[3] Pollock is within Kisatchie National Forest. Stuart Lake Recreational Area, part of the national forest, is {{convert|2.5|mi}} southwest of the center of town. Demographics{{US Census population|1900= 637 |1910= 675 |1920= 353 |1930= 376 |1940= 317 |1950= 421 |1960= 366 |1970= 341 |1980= 399 |1990= 330 |2000= 376 |2010= 469 |estyear=2016 |estimate=484 |estref=[17] |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[18] }} As of the census[19] of 2000, there were 376 people, 157 households, and 108 families residing in the town. The population density was 298.7 people per square mile (115.2/km²). There were 204 housing units at an average density of 162.1 per square mile (62.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.87% White, 0.27% Native American, 0.53% Asian, and 1.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.86% of the population. There were 157 households out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.98. In the town, the population was spread out with 28.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $25,625, and the median income for a family was $29,063. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $28,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,134. About 20.5% of families and 22.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.3% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over. Government and infrastructureThe Federal Bureau of Prisons United States Penitentiary, Pollock is located near Pollock.[20][21] EducationPollock residents are zoned to Grant Parish School Board schools. Notable people
References{{Portal|Louisiana}}1. ^{{Cite web| url=http://www.pollockla.us| title=Town of Pollock, Louisiana| publisher=Town of Pollock| access-date=December 15, 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_22.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jul 2, 2017}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US2261580| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Pollock town, Louisiana| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=December 15, 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web| title=History of Pollock| url=http://www.pollockla.us/index.asp?Type=B_PR&SEC={3E978751-E262-4BC6-824A-7CBB558030B4}&DE={85E5CD88-B3C3-4089-A497-8B5BBFDBF1CA}| work=Town of Pollock, Louisiana| accessdate=2011-05-25}} 5. ^https://sundown.tougaloo.edu/sundowntownsshow.php?id=1160 6. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2006/02/21/when-signs-said-get-out-span-classbankheadin-sundown-towns-racism-in-the-rearview-mirrorspan/0e80ab6c-51a7-4412-a320-168315ced22b/ 7. ^https://www.pollockla.us/index.asp?SEC=3E978751-E262-4BC6-824A-7CBB558030B4&Type=B_PR 8. ^https://twitter.com/jbenton/status/1096145801292775426 9. ^https://archive.org/details/louisianaalmanac00milb 10. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.thetowntalk.com/article/20130706/NEWS01/307060009/Pollock-Town-Hall-moves-historic-home| title=Jodi Belgard, Pollock Town Hall moves to historic home| publisher=Alexandria Daily Town Talk| accessdate=July 7, 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://voterportal.sos.la.gov/Home/Home?uid=5070128|title=Patricia Gunter, May 1986|publisher=Louisiana Secretary of State|accessdate=July 4, 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://voterportal.sos.la.gov/Home/Home?uid=5053378|title=Brian Keith, August 1986|publisher=Louisiana Secretary of State|accessdate=July 4, 2015}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://theadvocate.com/news/12794202-123/for-one-justice-of-the|title='I can’t uphold the oath that I swore' so I resign, says one justice of the peace, as others grapple with same-sex marriage|publisher=Baton Rouge Advocate|author=Mark Ballard|date=July 1, 2015|accessdate=July 4, 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thetowntalk.com/story/news/local/2015/07/03/justices-peace-face-quandary-sex-ruling/29669477/|title=Justices of peace face quandary over same-sex ruling|publisher=The Alexandria Town Talk|author=Miranda Klein|date=July 3, 2015|accessdate=July 4, 2015}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 17. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 20. ^"USP Pollock." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on May 29, 2010. 21. ^"USP Pollock Contact Information." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on May 29, 2010. 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/la/winn/obits/l/leesr229.txt|title=Col. Stephen R. Lee of Alexandria Dies at His Home Feb. 13: Industrial and Political Leader, Descendant of Famous Lees|date=February 22, 1929|publisher=Winnfield News-American|location=Winnfield, Louisiana|accessdate=May 23, 2015}} 23. ^Lyons Family « The Lyons Family External links
4 : Towns in Louisiana|Towns in Grant Parish, Louisiana|Alexandria, Louisiana metropolitan area|Sundown towns in the United States |
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