| 词条 | Conical roof | |||||||||
| 释义 |
A conical roof or cone roof is a roof shape, that is circular on plan and rises to terminate in a point, the whole forming a regular cone in shape. DistributionThey are frequently found on top of towers in medieval town fortifications and castles, where they may either sit directly on the outer wall of the tower (sometimes projecting beyond it to form eaves) or form a superstructure above the fighting platform or terrace of the tower. The latter necessitated the use of spouts to lead the water away over the top of the walls (e.g. as at Andernach's Alter Krahnen). In this case the cone roof was surrounded by a protective wall, a parapet or a battlement. Such conical roofs were usually constructed using a timber-framed support structure covered with slate; more rarely they were made of masonry. A small circular turret or tourelle with a conical roof is called a pepperpot or pepperbox turret.[1] Today, conical roofs are more often used in rural areas either for circular or small square buildings. They are easy to construct with locally available materials and at relatively low cost.[2] Conical roofs are widely used in Armenian and Georgian ecclesiastical (church) architecture.[3][4][5] {{clear}}GalleryReferences1. ^Curl, James Stevens and Susan Wilson. The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture, 3rd edn. Oxford: OUP, 2015, p. 567. {{Roofs}}{{commonscat|Roof forms}}{{Architecturalelement-stub}}2. ^Rückert, Klaus and Effatolsadat Shahriari. Guideline for sustainable, energy efficient architecture and construction. Young Cities Research Paper Series, Volume 10. Ed. by Technische Universität Berlin and Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center, Tehran. Berlin: TUB, 2014, p. 64. 3. ^{{cite book|last=Buxton|first=David Roden|title=Russian Mediaeval Architecture with an Account of the Transcaucasian Styles and Their Influence in the West|year=1937|publisher=Cambridge University Press|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=U3s8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA72&lpg=PA72&dq=Conical+roof+armenian+georgian+architecture 72]|quote=This conical dome is a characteristic of Armenian and Georgian architecture as is the bulb of Russian; it is universal except in some of the earliest buildings.}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Maranci|first1=Christina|authorlink1=Christina Maranci|title=Medieval Armenian Architecture: Constructions of Race and Nation|date=2001|publisher=Peeters|location=Leuven|page=33|quote=...the conical roof, which, as he pointed out, is typical of Armenian architecture.}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Adalian|first=Rouben Paul|title=Historical Dictionary of Armenia|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-7450-3|authorlink=Rouben Paul Adalian|p=97|quote=The characteristic dome consisted of, exteriorly, a tall drum or polygonal cylinder with a conical roof...|chapter=Architecture, Ecclesiastical}} 6. ^{{cite news|last=Lottman|first=Herbert R.|authorlink=Herbert Lottman|title=Despite Ages of Captivity, The Armenians Persevere|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/29/archives/despite-ages-of-captivity-the-armenians-persevere-armenia-a-hint-of.html|work=The New York Times|date=29 February 1976|page=287|quote=Today the monastery's main church building is a 13thcentury rectangle in the Armenian fashion, topped with the usual conical dome...}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Holland|first1=Rebecca|title=Inside Lalish, the Heart of the Yazidi faith|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/middle-east/lalish-yazidi-kurdistan-sheikh-adi-ibn-musafir-erbil-peacock-angel-sinjar-isis-a7726486.html|work=The Independent|date=11 May 2017|quote=Lalish is dotted with conical holy structures}} 1 : Roofs |
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