| 词条 | Conservative People's Party of Estonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|country = Estonia |native_name = Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond |logo = |colorcode = {{Conservative People's Party of Estonia/meta/color}} |chairman = Mart Helme |spokesperson = Martin Helme |predecessor = People's Union of Estonia Estonian Patriotic Movement[1] |foundation = 24 March 2012 |ideology = {{nowrap|National conservatism[2] Estonian nationalism[3] Direct democracy[3] Right-wing populism[4] Euroscepticism[6]}} |position = {{nowrap|Right-wing[3][5][6] to far-right[7]}} |international = |european = |europarl = |youth_wing = Blue Awakening |newspaper = Konservatiivide Vaba Sõna |colours = {{Color box|{{Conservative People's Party of Estonia/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} Blue |headquarters = Toompuiestee 27, Tallinn |membership_year = 2019 |membership = {{increase}} 8,793[8] |website = www.ekre.ee |seats1_title = Riigikogu |seats1 = {{Composition bar|19|101|hex={{Conservative People's Party of Estonia/meta/color}}}} |seats2_title = EU Parliament |seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|6|hex={{Conservative People's Party of Estonia/meta/color}}}} |seats3_title = |seats3 = |flag = }} The Conservative People's Party of Estonia ({{lang-et|Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond}}, EKRE) is a national-conservative and right-wing populist[9] political party in Estonia.[2] It has been described by some sources as belonging to the far-right.[10] Since 2013, its chairman has been Mart Helme, the former Estonian ambassador to Russia.[11] The head of the parliamentary group is Martin Helme. The party's identitarian youth wing, Blue Awakening, organizes frequent nationalist torchlight marches in Estonia. Ideologically, the party is a descendant of the Estonian ethno-nationalist camp. Some political commentators place the EKRE on the right to far-right of the political spectrum, but party representatives reject this and suggest other ways of looking at the left–right axis.[3] In the period after the 2015 parliamentary election, EKRE's popularity surged significantly and in the 2019 Estonian parliamentary election the party gained 17.8% of the votes and increased its number of seats to 19. The party sees the survival of Estonian ethnicity as its main objective, and many of its policies are directed towards providing support to young Estonian families, lowering emigration of Estonians and preventing immigration from outside of the European Union.[12] It is Eurosceptic,[12] critical of LGBT rights and homosexuality,[13][14][15] supporting the transition of the public schools of Estonia's Russian-speaking minority from the current Russian language to Estonian language education,[16] and wishes to implement Swiss-style direct democracy.[17] It has also been described by some as xenophobic[18][19][20][21] History{{See also|People's Union of Estonia|Estonian Patriotic Movement}}The party is a descendant of the Estonian ethno-nationalist camp.[22] The Estonian Patriotic Movement was founded in 2006. From 2008, the movement was led by Martin Helme, son of Mart Helme. Mart Helme had formerly been a member of the People's Union of Estonia but was forced to leave the party in 2004 because of his opposition to the relocation of Monument of Lihula and the suppression of protests.[23] The party was founded in March 2012 when the agrarian centrist party People's Union of Estonia and the nationalist pressure group Estonian Patriotic Movement merged.[24] In 2010, the People's Union of Estonia started to look for a possible merging partner. Talks with the Social Democratic Party were concluded and a special congress was convened to approve the merger agreement. However, at the party congress, only 172 delegates out of 412 supported the deal.[25] Following the failed merger attempt, many leading members (MPs) left the party and joined the Social Democrats.[26] In the 2011 parliamentary election, the People's Union did not pass the 5% threshold. Mart Helme and several members of his nationalist circle run at the election as independent candidates, none of whom passed the threshold necessary for an independent to enter the parliament. After the election, the leader of the People's Union, Margo Miljand, met with Helme. To save the party, Helme advised him to change the party name and alter the program. With links to the nationalist Estonian Patriotic Movement, Helme advised a deal between the two. The movement promised it would help redo the party program and elect new leaders.[27]In March 2012, the Estonian Patriotic Movement merged into the People's Union and the latter changed its name to the Conservative People's Party of Estonia.[28] At the assembly in Põltsamaa, where the party was founded, EKRE made its first political statement: "No political party in the Riigikogu represents the Estonian people, our national interest or traditional values. The government acts on right- and left liberal, also socialist ideas that our countrymen are simply statistical units or taxpayers, consumers at best. It is not far right or far left, just ultra-liberalism. The Conservative People's Party gives a solution to the voters who are sick of forced choice between Ansip and Savisaar, East and West, left and right."[29] For the first three months, EKRE's support according to the polls was zero, then it begun to gradually rise.[27] EKRE takes part of yearly gatherings of the veterans of the Estonian Legion at the Sinimäed Hills. In 2013, the attendance of Mart Helme was praised in Estonian media while the abstention of other parties' leaders was frown upon and seen as a result of Russian anti-fascist propaganda.[30] During the local elections in October 2013, the party gained representation in several smaller municipalities, such as the parishes of Tudulinna[31] and Häädemeeste.[32] A member of the party also became mayor of the town of Saue,[33] however he was set up independently of EKRE in a local party's list. The first party since the 1990s to politically organize Estonian diaspora, EKRE founded its Finland branch in October 2014.[34] In the run-up to the 2015 parliamentary election, EKRE managed to draw supporters from the mainstream right, including defectors mainly from the IRL, but also from the liberal Reform Party and the Free Party's initiative group.[35] In the election, EKRE won 8.1% of the vote and 7 seats in the Riigikogu.[36] Soon after, the winning Reform Party excluded EKRE from the coalition talks, citing as a reason a blog post by EKRE's MP Jaak Madison, written in January 2012. In the post, Madison commended the economic policies of the Nazi Party and wrote: "There is unfortunately no perfect form of government (not even democracy) but I see fascism as being an ideology that consists of many positive nuances necessary for preserving the nation-state."[37] Madison is now the vice chairman of the European Union Affairs Committee of the parliament.[38] The former president of Estonia Arnold Rüütel voiced his support for Mart Helme in the Estonian presidential election, 2016.[39][40] As of 2018, EKRE was the only political party in Estonia with growing membership numbers. While all other parties were losing members, EKRE was gaining a few hundred members on a yearly basis.[41] In March 2019 Mart Helme said to the press that he wishes that one day his party would be the sole ruling party of Estonia. [42] Ideology and political positionsEKRE describes itself as "a principled and bravely patriotic Estonian party with an unshakable mission to protect Estonian national values and interests".[1] The Estonian Conservative People’s Party program states that it is founded on the continuity of the Republic of Estonia and its Constitution, and it unites people who fight for the nation state, social cohesion and democratic principles.[43] EKRE states that the activities of the party are based on three fundamental values:
It has also been labelled "far-right" by Kari Käsper, the Executive Director of Estonian Human Rights Centre,[44] and in foreign media by BBC News[45] and the Christian Science Monitor.[46] According to Fox News Channel, EKRE is a far-right party, "considered by some to have Fascist-Neo-Nazi sympathies similar to many other flourishing nationalist parties in the Baltics and Eastern Europe".[47] The Simon Wiesenthal Center has called EKRE youth organization's annual torchlight procession an "extreme right march".[48] Martin Helme, board member and the party leader's son, has said that the accusations of extremism simply reflect the unfamiliarity and discomfort of the ruling class and media with the new political rhetoric of EKRE: "The mainstream has become so orthodox, so narrow, that whatever is not immaculately, diligently, fervently more-catholic-than-pope mainstream is immediately labelled extremism."[27]The programme of EKRE states that the citizens must actively guard against the external as well as the internal enemy in order to secure the Estonian nation, the survival of its independence and its status as an ethno-state. It also states as its objectives the creation of the environment needed for the survival of the Estonian language and culture.[12] The party calls for implementation of direct democracy,[3] balanced state budget,[49] and strict control over immigration to Estonia.[49] Social policiesEducation and health careThe EKRE claims to strongly oppose the widespread closure of schools in the countryside. Its program requires the teachers to speak high-level Estonian and be loyal to the Estonian state. To raise the quality of education, EKRE desires to raise the wages of teachers.[49] According to the program of the party, the importance of health care is linked to the preservation of the Estonian nation. The party stands for free dental treatment,[64] wants to limit the availability of tobacco, alcohol and narcotics, and opposes abortion.[49] Demography and immigrationAccording to EKRE, demography is one of the most crucial aspects in the survival of the Estonian state. According to Mart Helme, Estonia is in a "demographic crisis", characterized by low birth rate and emigration of more than 100,000 Estonians in recent years.[50] To counter the falling birth rate, the party has proposed family welfare programs such as paying back a quarter of a married couple's mortgage loan with every child's birth and lowering a parent's income tax by 5% rate for every child being raised in the family.[64][51] EKRE has actively stood against immigration from the Middle East and Africa, especially regarding the quota system proposed by EU Commission in 2015 to resettle the immigrants to all EU member states.[12] Citing a large number of Russians already imported during the Soviet occupation, the party has repeatedly ruled out supporting any further mass immigration into Estonia. The party upholds that the Estonian migration policies must advance the aim of "expanding the amount and percentage of Estonians in Estonia" and if the liberal government allows immigration to "alter the ethnic makeup of Estonia", it is "scandalous and undemocratic".[52] Commenting riots in socially segregated suburbs in Sweden, Martin Helme, board member and the party leader's son said in a TV talk show in May 2013: "Estonia shouldn't allow things to go as far as in England, France and Sweden. Our immigration policy should have one simple rule: if you're black, go back. As simple as that. We shouldn't allow this problem to emerge in the first place."[53] {{Quote|text="If you're black, go back"[53] |author=Martin Helme, leader of the parliamentary group, EKRE }}{{Quote |text="I want Estonia to be a white country"[54] |author=Martin Helme, leader of the parliamentary group, EKRE }} According to the political scientist Tõnis Saarts, the will to show the Russian minority "their proper place" by making the language and citizenship laws more strict seems to be the "ancient urge of this party".[55] In response to the arrest of Estonian Defence Forces Major Deniss Metsavas, who has ethnic Russian background, for giving classified information to the GRU, Blue Awakening has proposed ethnic profiling when giving non-ethnic Estonian officers access to government secrets. EKRE representative Ruuben Kaalep reasoned: "The only logical explanation for his actions is that blood is thicker than water. Loyalty is not guaranteed by Estonian citizenship or even a soldier's oath given to the Estonian state. Loyalty is based on a feeling of ethnic belonging and a bond with one's ancestors."[56] Same-sex unionsThe party strictly opposed the civil partnership law on registered partnership for same-sex couples that was adopted by Riigikogu in October 2014. Arguing the law grants adoption rights to homosexual couples, the party claimed it essentially establishes same-sex marriage. Instead, the party proposes laws that would help to raise the birth rate and strengthen the societal attitudes towards having children, including the need to strengthen the traditional family model.[57] EKRE also claims that pushing through the law while opinion polls showed that the majority of Estonian people opposed it was undemocratic. The party platform proposes a referendum on the civil partnership law.[64] The party's chairman Mart Helme has characterized the Baltic Pride as "some kind of a parade of perverts".[58] {{Quote|text=The safeguarding of a parade of perverts is not the job of the police[15] |author=Mart Helme, chairman of EKRE, talking about the LGBT Pride march in Tallinn, in Uued Uudised, 2017 }}{{Quote |text=Homosexual- and multicultural propaganda has to be taken out of schools. Children need to get the best education, an Estonian-minded upbringing and healthy values from school. We support giving children a patriotic education. We do not allow so-called tolerance propaganda in schools. Education should not be played with![13] |author=One of the "10 commandments" of EKRE }} Direct democracyEKRE views Estonia's form of government as heavily biased towards representative democracy, without means for the people to have an influence on politics other than elections. To change that, the party wants to return to more traditional ways of direct democracy, such as provided by the earlier Estonian constitutions of 1920 and 1934.[59] The party program includes support of the right of citizens to create initiatives if at least 25,000 registered voters sign a petition to put a bill on referendum. EKRE supports public presidential elections, recall elections and public elections of judges, prosecutors and local police prefects. The party wants to abolish D'Hondt method from the parliamentary elections.[59] Economic policiesThe party program states that the development of the market must serve the national interest.[49] The party calls for creation of a national public bank.[60] It has also supported cooperative banking in Tartu, including in its program the establishment of an alternative interest-free currency.[61] EKRE has voiced criticism over the execution of the Rail Baltica project. According to the party, Rail Baltica could potentially bring great benefit to the economy of Estonia, but the current project has a questionable impact on the environment and local communities, as well as a doubtful economic viability.[62] In 2016, both Mart Helme and Henn Põlluaas proposed that the current project should be replaced with a vactrain or Hyperloop connecting Estonia to Central Europe.[63][64] The party has supported limiting the sale of land to foreigners[65] EnvironmentAccording to EKRE, the "untouched natural beauty" of Estonia must be preserved more effectively. Therefore, the party supports alternative and environment-friendly sources of energy. EKRE wants to intensify the fight against littering and says the offenders must be punished at least with a sum necessary to compensate for the harm created to nature.[49] The party's program includes a ban on all genetically modified foods and their import.[49] EKRE has been decribed as being skeptical of climate change.[66] Foreign and defence policiesThe Conservative People's Party of Estonia often calls to protect Estonia's independence and sovereignty from supranational unions. They claim that the European Union is moving towards a federal state and Estonia should veto any legislation that centralises more power to the hands of EU.[67] On 30 August 2012, EKRE organised a protest at Toompea against the ratification of European Stability Mechanism treaty.[68] While the party does not advocate Estonia's exit from the EU, it believes that the union has to overgo a drastic change. According to EKRE, the EU has to become a military alliance that would defend all European ethnicities based on the concept of ethnopluralism. EKRE wants to strongly limit the amount of bureaucracy in the EU.[69] EKRE strongly opposes a proposed border treaty between Estonia and Russia, which, according to the party, would cede 5.2% of Estonia's territory to the occupier once and for all without any compromise or compensation on its side. The party has called the possible signing of the treaty "treason" and the Estonian politicians who would sign it "traitors to the state".[70] The party opposes the accession of Turkey to the European Union and has called for reconsidering Turkey's membership in NATO. After the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, EKRE expressed regret over its defeat and called Turkey "no more democratic country than Russia".[71][72] The EKRE proposes a national defence policy based on self-reliance of Estonia. The security of the country would be safeguarded by the existence of initial defence, compulsory military service, total defence, international cooperation and the membership of NATO.[49] The platform of the party includes formation of two tank battalions and acquisition of medium-range anti-aircraft systems.[73] Martin Helme has expressed sympathy for American presidential candidate Donald Trump. According to Helme, Trump is right to point out that the Baltic countries need to make a financial contribution in exchange for the military alliance with the United States. "He can see no reason why the United States should make the national defense of other countries its duty. And I believe this question is completely justified. It's namely our party that has been saying for a long time that making initial independent defense capability strong is the most important thing, allies being the next component," said Helme.[74][75]Some of the party members have proposed a Europe-wide decriminalization of Holocaust denial and to "enter a correct teaching of the history of the Third Reich".[76] International relationsEKRE has close links with similar right-wing nationalist parties in Latvia and Lithuania. On 23 August 2013, EKRE signed the Declaration of Bauska together with political parties National Alliance and Lithuanian Nationalist Union. The declaration calls for a new national awakening of the Baltic states and warns about threats posed by international globalism, multiculturalism and Russian imperial ambitions.[77][78] In 2014, the party's congress in Tallinn was visited by a delegation from the UK Independence Party. The delegation was led by Roger Helmer who gave a speech in support of Euroscepticism in Estonia.[79] Organizations with whom EKRE cooperates take regularly part of the annual torchlight march in Tallinn. They include all signatories of the Declaration of Bauska and the Scandinavian nationalist youth movement Nordisk Ungdom.[80] The party has also contacts among Ukrainian nationalists. During Euromaidan, Mart Helme sent an address to the protestors in Kiev, urging the Ukrainian patriots not to succumb to Russian demands.[81] Blue AwakeningThe party's affiliated nationalist youth movement is named Blue Awakening. With links to the pan-European Identitarian movement and the alt-right in North America, Blue Awakening states "a new national awakening of the Estonians" as its principal aim.[82] This would come as a continuation to the 19th century Estonian national awakening and the Singing Revolution, leading the way to the establishment of "an eternal Estonian ethno-state".[83] Blue Awakening was founded on 30 November 2012.[83] The young activists have been behind many of the party's protest marches. In addition to politics, the youth of Blue Awakening focus on art, music and right-wing philosophy such as the Traditionalist School of Julius Evola and René Guénon.[84] The movement is disciplined and its activists have formed several squads.[85] Their activities include rituals shaped after Finno-Ugric shamanism,[83] including celebrations of sunrise on ancient tumuli.[86] Blue Awakening is the main organizer of the annual torchlight march through Tallinn on 24 February, Independence Day of Estonia. The first Independence Day torchlight march was held in 2014. According to Blue Awakening, the torchlight march is meant to honor those who have fallen for the nation of Estonia and to signify that Estonian youth have not abandoned the nationalist principles.[87][88][89][90][91] Election resultsParliamentary elections
European Parliament elections
References1. ^1 EKRE: Erakond {{link language|et}} 2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/estonia.html|title=Estonia|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2019|website=Parties and Elections in Europe}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://objektiiv.ee/martin-helme-demokraatia-on-euroopas-loogi-all-eesti-lohiseb-kaasa/ |title=Martin Helme: demokraatia on Euroopas löögi all, Eesti lohiseb kaasa |date=1 March 2016 |website=Objektiiv |access-date=9 September 2016 |quote=Helme sõnul toetab EKRE otsedemokraatia kõiki meetodeid, mitte ainult rahvaalgatust, mis on selle võti. |language=Estonian}} 4. ^{{cite news|work=Times of Israel|title=As refugees pour into Europe, far-right populists gain ground|date=11 March 2016|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-refugees-pour-into-europe-far-right-populists-gain-ground/}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rawstory.com/2016/03/a-wave-of-right-wing-populism-has-swept-across-europe/|title=A wave of right-wing populism has swept across Europe|website=www.rawstory.com|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 6. ^http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/45635/ssoar-proceedingseass-2015-liivik-Right-wing_extremism_and_its_possible.pdf?sequence=1 Right-wing extremism and its possible impact to the internal security of the Republic of Estonia] 7. ^{{cite web|language=French|title=Estonie: les libéraux remportent les législatives, nette percée de l'extrême droite|url=https://www.capital.fr/economie-politique/estonie-lextreme-droite-defie-les-centristes-aux-legislatives-1329928|website=Capital.fr|accessdate=3 March 2019}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://ariregister.rik.ee/erakonnad.py |title=Äriregistri teabesüsteem |access-date=1 Jan 2019 |language=Estonian}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/estonians-head-polls-populist-party-rising-61438647|title=Center-right party tops Estonia vote, but populists win, too|date=7 March 2019|website=ABC News}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/8ce513cec1e14ba98990d14dfd05d38c|title=Far right gains in Estonia eyed for clues to EU-wide vote|first=Jari|last=Tanner|date=4 March 2019|website=AP NEWS}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.postimees.ee/1201676/ekre-general-assembly-elects-mart-helme-chairman |title=EKRE general assembly elects Mart Helme chairman |work=Postimees}} 12. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |last=Tiido |first=Anna |year=2015 |title=The Russian minority issue in Estonia: host state policies and the attitudes of the population |url=http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-4feb7905-4ca2-4b13-97fe-831b62856971/c/PJPS_04_02.pdf |journal=Polish Journal of Political Science |issue=4 |access-date=2 August 2016}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://ekre.ee/ekre-10-kasku/|title=EKRE 10 käsku - EKRE – Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond|publisher=}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.delfi.ee/a/83168797|title=EKRE ning Saaremaa vallavolikogu liige nimetab seksuaalvähemusi invaliidideks ning kutsub üles neilt valimisõigust ära võtma|website=Delfi}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://uueduudised.ee/uudis/eesti/mart-helme-pervertide-paraadide-turvamine-ei-ole-politsei-rida/|title=Mart Helme: pervertide paraadide turvamine ei ole politsei rida|first=Uued|last=Uudised|date=8 July 2017|website=Uued Uudised}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ekre.ee/ekre-taunib-ida-virumaal-toimuvat-venestamispoliitikat/|title=EKRE taunib Ida-Virumaal toimuvat venestamispoliitikat - EKRE – Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond|publisher=}} 17. ^Tom Lansford (2017) Political Handbook of the World 2016–2017, CQ Press 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/0e231a1618774541964fae0b226ec11e|title=Center-right party tops Estonia vote, but populists win, too|first=Jari|last=Tanner|date=3 March 2019|website=AP NEWS}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://yanatoom.ee/brusseli-paevik/brusseli-paevik-yana-toomiga-miks-tegelikult-koik-nii-ullatunud-on/|title=„Brüsseli päevik Yana Toomiga“: miks tegelikult kõik nii üllatunud on? - Yana Toom|publisher=}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sotsid.ee/jevgeni-ossinovski-ma-tahan-eestit-kus-iga-meie-inimene-on-vaartus-kus-iga-meie-inimene-on-oma/|title=Jevgeni Ossinovski: Ma tahan Eestit, kus iga meie inimene on väärtus, kus iga meie inimene on oma|date=15 May 2016|website=Sotsiaaldemokraadid}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://kesknadal.ee/2019/01/06/raimond-kaljulaid-ekre-programm-on-ootusparaselt-utoopiline/|title=Raimond Kaljulaid: EKRE programm on ootuspäraselt utoopiline – Kesknädal|publisher=}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=https://sarastuslehti.com/2016/05/02/kansallinen-herattaja-haastattelussa-ruuben-kaalep/ |title=Kansallinen herättäjä – haastattelussa Ruuben Kaalep |date=2 May 2016 |website=Sarastus |access-date=9 September 2016 |language=Finnish}} 23. ^Delfi: Rahvaliit viskas Mart Helme välja {{link language|et}} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://balticworlds.com/rewarding-the-squirrels/ |title=The 2015 parliamentary elections in Estonia. Rewarding the squirrels |date=9 March 2015 |website=Baltic Worlds |access-date=9 September 2016}} 25. ^{{cite news|url=http://balticreports.com/?p=18082 |title=People's Union rebuffs Soc Dem merger |publisher=Baltic Reports}} 26. ^{{cite news|url=http://balticreports.com/?p=18457 |title=People's Union board resigns, joins Soc Dems |publisher=Baltic Reports}} 27. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://news.postimees.ee/3127159/ekre-from-club-status-to-parliament-rank|title=EKRE – from club status to parliament rank|publisher=|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 28. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.err.ee/politics/7009cdac-34ff-4caa-8fbd-60505dc10351 |title=People's Union Becomes 'Conservative People's Party' |publisher=ERR}} 29. ^Delfi: Uue nime saanud Rahvaliit: parlamendierakonnad tegelevad manduva ja kõlbeliselt hukutava euroliidu väärtuste propageerimisega {{link language|et}} 30. ^Õhtuleht: Sinimäed kui poliitikute konnasilm {{link language|et}} 31. ^Põhjarannik: Tudulinnas tegi ilma EKRE {{link language|et}} 32. ^Vallavanemaks valiti Ants Järvesaar {{link language|et}} 33. ^ERR: Saue linnapeana jätkab Henn Põlluaas {{link language|et}} 34. ^Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond asutas Soome osakonna {{link language|et}} 35. ^Delfi: EKRE nimekirjas kandideerivad Reformierakonna rahastamisskandaali tegelane ja sõpradega tülli läinud kodanikuaktivist {{link language|et}} 36. ^Vabariigi Valimiskomisjon {{link language|et}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.err.ee/v/politics/f70ecc5b-1e50-4011-9a53-6c87d89012d0|title=EKRE could join Center as second 'pariah' after party defends new MP's controversial 2012 blog post|first=|last=ERR|date=3 March 2015|publisher=|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.riigikogu.ee/en/parliament-of-estonia/committees/european-union-affairs-committee/ |title=European Union Affairs Committee |website=Riigikogu |access-date=9 September 2016}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.delfi.ee/a/75702647|title=Arnold Rüütel toetab presidendiks Mart Helmet|website=Delfi|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ohtuleht.ee/760858/arnold-ruutel-peab-parimaks-presidendikandidaadiks-mart-helmet|title=Arnold Rüütel peab parimaks presidendikandidaadiks Mart Helmet|website=www.ohtuleht.ee|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 41. ^{{cite news |date=21 August 2018 |title=EKRE only party to increase membership this year |url=https://news.err.ee/855356/ekre-only-party-to-increase-membership-this-year |access-date=7 September 2018 }} 42. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohtuleht.ee/944959/mart-helme-meie-eesmark-on-teha-uhel-paeval-ainuvalitsus-|title=Mart Helme: „Meie eesmärk on teha ühel päeval ainuvalitsus.“ {{!}} Õhtuleht|website=www.ohtuleht.ee|language=et|access-date=2019-03-09}} 43. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.riigikogu.ee/en/parliament-of-estonia/factions/conservative-peoples-party-estonia-faction// |title=Parliament of Estonia, Conservative People's Party of Estonia|website=Riigikogu|access-date=11 October 2016}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.karijournal.com/2015/03/07/the-danger-posed-by-the-far-right-in-the-estonian-parliament/|title=The danger posed by the far right in the Estonian Parliament|date=7 March 2015|publisher=|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-eu-27103706|title=Black Briton aims to be Estonian MEP|first=Damien|last=McGuinness|date=22 April 2014|publisher=|accessdate=30 November 2017|via=www.bbc.com}} 46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2013/1026/A-first-for-Estonia-an-elected-black-politician|title=A first for Estonia: an elected black politician|date=26 October 2013|publisher=|accessdate=30 November 2017|via=Christian Science Monitor}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/03/12/jews-in-baltics-fear-creep-anti-semitism/|title=Jews in Baltics fear creep of anti-Semitism|first=Paul|last=Alster|date=12 March 2015|publisher=|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wiesenthal.com/site/apps/nlnet/content.aspx?c=lsKWLbPJLnF&b=8776547&ct=14533113|title=Wiesenthal Center Criticizes Extreme Right March to Mark Estonian Independence Day - Simon Wiesenthal Center|publisher=|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 49. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [https://ekre.ee/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/EKRE-PROGRAMM-KONSERVATIIVNE-PROGRAMM.pdf EKRE programme] {{link language|et}} 50. ^{{cite speech |title=Meie olemegi uus jõud! |first=Mart |last=Helme |author-link=Mart Helme |event=EKRE Congress |location=Tallinn |date=13 April 2013 |url=http://www.ekre.ee/mart-helme-kongressil-meie-olemegi-uus-joud/ |quote=Neist haigustest kõige fataalsema lõpuga ähvardav on kahtlemata meie demograafiline kriis. Kui võtta lähtepunktiks Laulva revolutsiooni periood, mil Eestis sündis aastas 25 000 last, siis on meil 90. aastate algul järsult langenud sündivuse tulemusena järgneva kahekümne aasta vältel sündimata jäänud umbes 200 000 last – seda on kahe Tartu linna jagu. Kui lisada siia 100 000 piiri ületanud massiline riigist lahkumine, saamegi kokku hirmuäratava rahvastikukao, mis on kõrvutatav koguni stalinlike repressioonide läbi kantud inimkaotustega. |access-date=4 April 2015 |language=Estonian}} 51. ^Ruuben Kaalep: Konservatiivide lahendus iibeprobleemile {{link language|et}} 52. ^Volikogu avaldus: Valitsuse plaanitud massiimmigratsioon Eestisse ohustab meie rahvuslikku püsimist {{link language|et}} 53. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://news.err.ee/107416/conservative-politician-if-you-re-black-go-back|title=Conservative Politician: If You're Black, Go Back|first=|last=ERR|date=29 May 2013|website=ERR}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.postimees.ee/1252028/martin-helme-soovitus-immigratsioonipoliitikaks-kui-on-must-naita-ust|title=Martin Helme soovitus immigratsioonipoliitikaks: kui on must, näita ust|date=29 May 2013|website=Postimees}} 55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sirp.ee/s1-artiklid/c9-sotsiaalia/ekre-laaneuroopalik-vorm-ja-idaeuroopalik-suda/|title=EKRE lääneuroopalik vorm ja idaeuroopalik süda|first=|last=OKIA|publisher=}} 56. ^{{cite news |date=6 September 2018 |title=Blue Awakening wants ethnic profiling of those with access to state secrets |url=https://news.err.ee/859222/blue-awakening-wants-ethnic-profiling-of-those-with-access-to-state-secrets |access-date=7 September 2018 }} 57. ^EKRE: kooseluseadus on vastuolus eesti rahva huvidega {{link language|et}} 58. ^[https://www.ohtuleht.ee/815681/mart-helme-tanasest-geiparaadist-meie-juhitavates-omavalitsustes-ei-antaks-kindlasti-geidele-marssideks-voi-paraadideks-luba- Mart Helme tänasest geiparaadist: Meie juhitavates omavalitsustes ei antaks kindlasti geidele marssideks või paraadideks luba.] 59. ^1 Aeg on küps otsedemokraatiaks {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012183809/http://www.ekre.ee/aeg-on-kups-otsedemokraatiaks/ |date=12 October 2014 }} {{link language|et}} 60. ^E24: Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond nõuab riiklikku kommertspanka {{link language|et}} 61. ^Platvorm Tartu valitsemiseks 2013–2017 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019174026/http://www.ekre.ee/kov-2013/tartu/tartu-valimisplatvorm/ |date=19 October 2013 }} {{link language|et}} 62. ^EKRE: Rail Baltica peab teenima eesti rahva huve {{link language|et}} 63. ^Henn Põlluaas: Rail Baltic kui 19. sajandi relikt {{link language|et}} 64. ^Kolmeraudne: Mart Helme (October 13, 2016) {{link language|et}} 65. ^{{cite web|url=https://uueduudised.ee/majandus/ekre-eelnou-seada-maamuugipiirangud-valismaalastele-jattis-valdava-osa-riigikogust-kulmaks/|title=EKRE eelnõu seada maamüügipiirangud välismaalastele jättis valdava osa riigikogust külmaks|first=Uued|last=Uudised|date=7 November 2017|website=Uued Uudised}} 66. ^{{cite web|language=French|author1=Annika Joeres|author2=Susanne Götze|title=La menace climatosceptique pèse aussi sur l’Europe|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/121218/la-menace-climatosceptique-pese-aussi-sur-l-europe|date=12 December 2018|website=Mediapart|accessdate=27 December 2018}} 67. ^Eesti peab panema veto Euroopa Ühendriikidele {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020092412/http://www.ekre.ee/eesti-peab-panema-veto-euroopa-uhendriikidele/ |date=20 October 2013 }} {{link language|et}} 68. ^Delfi: ESM-i vastane meeleavaldus {{link language|et}} 69. ^{{cite web|url=http://ekre.ee/eurovalimiste-platvorm/|title=Eurovalimiste platvorm - EKRE – Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond|website=ekre.ee|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 70. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.postimees.ee/1240490/estonia-s-conservative-people-s-party-criticizes-border-treaty-with-russia|title=Estonia's Conservative People's Party criticizes border treaty with Russia|publisher=|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 71. ^Helme: Türgis toimuv meenutab natsiaega {{link language|et}} 72. ^Sinine Äratus: Erdoğani toetamiseks puudub igasugune põhjus {{link language|et}} 73. ^1 2 3 Riigikogu valimiste platvorm 2015. On aeg! {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205000732/http://www.ekre.ee/ekreprogramm/on-aeg/ |date=5 December 2014 }} {{link language|et}} 74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baltictimes.com/helme__trump_said_aloud_what_everyone_else_in_nato_thinks/|title=Helme: Trump said aloud what everyone else in NATO thinks|website=www.baltictimes.com|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 75. ^Helme: ma võin kindel olla, et Trump on tegude mees {{link language|et}} 76. ^[https://www.timesofisrael.com/estonian-politician-vows-to-legalize-holocaust-denial/ Estonian politician vows to legalize Holocaust denial] The Times of Israel 77. ^Nacionālā apvienība: Baltijas nacionālisti paraksta sadarbības līgumu, vēršoties pret globālajiem apdraudējumiem {{link language|lv}} 78. ^Baltimaade konservatiivid: aeg on küps uueks rahvuslikuks ärkamiseks {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130826115542/http://uudisvoog.postimees.ee/?DATE=20130826&ID=318889 |date=26 August 2013 }} {{link language|et}} 79. ^Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond peab pühapäeval Tallinnas kongressi {{link language|et}} 80. ^FOTO: EKRE tõrvikumarsil osales ka avalikult natsismiga seostatud Rootsi noorteorganisatsioon {{link language|et}} 81. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1745426.html|title=Национал-радикал Домбрава отправился на киевский "Евромайдан" (Латвия)|work=ИА REGNUM|accessdate=23 October 2014}} {{link language|ru}} 82. ^Telegram: Sinine Äratus tahab Eestit uueks rahvuslikuks ärkamiseks ette valmistada {{link language|et}} 83. ^1 2 Uued Uudised: Sinine Äratus tähistas liikumise sünnipäeva, 1 December 2015 {{link language|et}} 84. ^Eesti Ekspress. "Sinised Äratajad". {{link language|et}} 85. ^Postimees: EKRE noorteorganisatsioon moodustas kolm eriülesannetega salka {{link language|et}} 86. ^Delfi: Sinine Äratus valis uue juhi {{link language|et}} 87. ^EKRE: Muljeid tõrvikurongkäigust {{link language|et}} 88. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pealinn.ee/koik-uudised/fotod-vabariigi-aastapaeva-tahistati-vaatemangulise-n163616|title=FOTOD! Vabariigi aastapäeva tähistati vaatemängulise|website=www.pealinn.ee|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 89. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eesti.ca/eesti-vabariigi-aastapaeva-tahistamine-tallinnas/article41545|title=Eesti Vabariigi aastapäeva tähistamine Tallinnas. - Estonian World Review|publisher=|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 90. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.ee/openarticle.php?id=2342084&lang=est|title=Vabariigi aastapäeval toimub Tallinnas järjekordne tõrvikurongkäik (Objektiiv.ee (SAPTK))|publisher=|accessdate=30 November 2017}} 91. ^http://uueduudised.ee/tv3-video-mida-arvasid-torvikurongkaigust-sellel-osalenud-inimesed/ External links
8 : Political parties in Estonia|Conservative parties in Estonia|Political parties established in 2012|2012 establishments in Estonia|Anti-immigration politics in Europe|Eurosceptic parties in Estonia|Nationalist parties in Estonia|National conservative parties |
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