“Polyene antimycotic”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Polyene antimycotic

释义

Structures
Biosynthesis
Other examples of polyenes
References

Polyene antimycotics, sometimes referred to as polyene antibiotics, are a class of antimicrobial polyene compounds that target fungi.^[1] These polyene antimycotics are typically obtained from some species of Streptomyces bacteria. The polyenes bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and thus weakens it, causing leakage of K+ and Na+ ions, which may contribute to fungal cell death. Amphotericin B, nystatin, and natamycin are examples of polyene antimycotics. They are a subgroup of macrolides.^[2]

Structures

Their chemical structures feature a large ring of atoms (in essence, a cyclic ester ring) containing multiple conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds (hence polyene) on one side of the ring and multiple hydroxyl groups bonded to the other side of the ring. Their structures also often have a d-mycosamine (a type of amino-glycoside) group bonded to the molecule.^[3] The series of conjugated double bonds typically absorbs strongly in the ultraviolet-visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, often resulting in the polyene antibiotics having a yellow color.

Biosynthesis

The natural route to synthesis includes polyketide synthase components.^[4]

Other examples of polyenes

Rimocidin
Filipin
Candicin
Hamycin
Perimycin
Dermostatin

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=mmed&part=A4050|title=Polyene Antifungal Drugs|last=NCBI Bookshelf|year=1996|publisher=The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston|accessdate=29 January 2010}}
2. ^{{cite journal |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC413810/pdf/bactrev00041-0070.pdf |title=Chemistry and Biology of the Polyene Macrolide Antibiotics |last=Hamilton-Miller |journal=Bacteriological Reviews |year=1973 |volume=37 |issue=2 |publisher=American Society for Microbiology |pages=166–196 |pmc=413810 |pmid=4578757}}
3. ^Solution NMR structure of five representative glycosylated polyene macrolide antibiotics
4. ^{{cite journal|title=A labile point in mutant amphotericin polyketide synthases|vauthors=Khan N, Rawlings B, Caffrey P | journal=Biotechnol. Lett. |date=Jan 26, 2011|PMID= 21267757|doi=10.1007/s10529-011-0538-3|volume=33|issue=6|pages=1121–6}}

3 : Antifungals|Macrolides|Polyenes

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