| 词条 | Conte cruel |
| 释义 |
The conte cruel is, as The A to Z of Fantasy Literature by Brian Stableford states, a "short-story genre that takes its name from an 1883 collection by Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, although previous examples had been provided by such writers as Edgar Allan Poe. Some critics use the label to refer only to non-supernatural horror stories, especially those that have nasty climactic twists, but it is applicable to any story whose conclusion exploits the cruel aspects of the 'irony of fate.'[1] The collection from which the short-story genre of the conte cruel takes its name is Contes cruels (1883, tr. Sardonic Tales, 1927) by Villiers de l'Isle-Adam. Also taking its name from this collection is Contes cruels ("Cruel Tales"), a two-volume set of about 150 tales and short stories by the 19th-century French writer Octave Mirbeau, collected and edited by Pierre Michel and Jean-François Nivet and published in two volumes in 1990 by Librairie Séguier. Some noted writers in the conte cruel genre are Charles Birkin, Maurice Level, Patricia Highsmith[2] and Roald Dahl, the latter of whom originated Tales of the Unexpected. H. P. Lovecraft observed of Level's fiction in his essay Supernatural Horror in Literature (1927): "This type, however, is less a part of the weird tradition than a class peculiar to itself—the so-called conte cruel, in which the wrenching of the emotions is accomplished through dramatic tantalizations, frustrations, and gruesome physical horrors".[3] Brian M. Stableford has observed that, by the 1980s, the conte cruel was the standard narrative form of soft science fiction,[4] in particular the works of Thomas M. Disch and John Sladek.[4]References1. ^{{cite book|author=Brian Stableford|title=The A to Z of Fantasy Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHc3XTdJBxQC&pg=PA85|date=13 August 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6345-3|pages=85–}} 2. ^François Riviere, "Patricia Highsmith a rejoint les eaux profondes" Libération, 6 February 1995. Retrieved 13 January 2018. 3. ^{{cite book|author=Howard Phillips Lovecraft|title=At the Mountains of Madness|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CuWNI905KjIC&pg=PT188|year=1964|publisher=eBookIt.com|isbn=978-9949-9424-4-2|pages=188–}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|author=Brian M. Stableford|title=Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzmIPZg5xicC&pg=PA73|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4938-9|pages=73–}} 3 : Fiction forms|Literature|Short story types |
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