| 词条 | Polystichum munitum |
| 释义 |
| image = Polystichum munitum (Jami Dwyer) 001.jpg | image_caption = Western sword fern growing in the Columbia River Gorge | genus = Polystichum | species = munitum | authority = (Kaulf.) C.Presl }}Polystichum munitum, the western swordfern,[1] is an evergreen fern native to western North America, where it is one of the most abundant ferns. It occurs along the Pacific coast from southeastern Alaska to southern California, and also inland east to southeastern British Columbia, northern Idaho and western Montana, with disjunctive populations in northern British Columbia, Canada; the Black Hills in South Dakota, United States; and Guadalupe Island off of Baja California, Mexico. Western swordfern is known to have locally naturalized in parts of Great Britain and Ireland.[2] DescriptionThe dark green fronds of this fern grow {{convert|50|to|180|cm|ft}} tall, in a tight clump spreading out radially from a round base. They are single-pinnate, with the pinnae alternating on the stalk. Each pinna is {{convert|1|to|15|cm|in}} long, with a small upward-pointing lobe (a sword hilt, hence the name) at the base, and the edges are serrated with bristly tips. Individual fronds live for 1.5 to 2.5 years and remain attached to the rhizome after withering. The round sori occupy two rows on either side of the midrib of each pinna and are covered by a centrally-attached, umbrella-like indusium with fringed edges. They produce light yellow spores. Habitat and cultivationThe preferred habitat of this fern is the understory of moist coniferous woodlands at low elevations. It grows best in well-drained acidic soil of rich humus and small stones. It is very resilient and survives occasional droughts, but flourishes only with consistent moisture and light sunlight, and it prefers cool weather. In cultivation, it also responds well to regular, light fertilizations. While this fern is a favored horticultural subject in western North America, it has proved difficult or impossible to cultivate satisfactorily in the eastern part of the continent. In the United Kingdom Polystichum munitum has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[3][4] UtilityThe Coast Salish people of B.C. and Washington state use this plant as a pain reliever. When applied directly to the area where pain and inflammation, according to Della Rice Sylvester, an elder and medicine woman of the Cowichan tribe, the sword fern "takes the pain away!" In spring, when other food is unavailable, Quileute, Makah, Klallam, Squamish, Sechelt, Haida, and other Native American/First Nations peoples roasted, peeled, and ate the rhizomes.[5] The plant is also cultivated for its ornamental foliage, which florists include in vases. References1. ^{{PLANTS|id=POMU|taxon=Polystichum munitum|accessdate=12 October 2015}} 2. ^[https://bsbi.org/maps?taxonid=2cd4p9h.x0z Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland] 3. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/13486/i-Polystichum-munitum-i/Details | title = RHS Plantfinder - Polystichum munitum| accessdate = 11 May 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 81 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 11 May 2018}} 5. ^{{cite book |author=Paul Alaback, Joe Antos, Trevor Goward, Ken Lertzman, Andy MacKinnon, Jim Pojar, Rosamund Pojar, Andrew Reed, Nancy Turner, Dale Vitt |editor=Jim Pojar and Andy MacKinnon |title=Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast |edition=Revised |year=2004 |publisher=Lone Pine Publishing|location=Vancouver, British Columbia |isbn=978-1-55105-530-5 |page=53 }} External links{{Commons and category}}
22 : Polystichum|Ferns of California|Flora of the West Coast of the United States|Flora of the Northwestern United States|Flora of Alaska|Flora of Baja California|Flora of Mexican Pacific Islands|Flora of California|Flora of British Columbia|Flora of Montana|Flora of Oregon|Flora of South Dakota|Flora of the Cascade Range|Flora of the Great Basin|Flora of the Klamath Mountains|Flora of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands|Natural history of the California Coast Ranges|Natural history of the Channel Islands of California|Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area|Taxa named by Carl Borivoj Presl|Garden plants of North America |
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