| 词条 | Copeland steam bicycle |
| 释义 |
|name = Copeland steam bicycle |image = |caption = A Copeland replica at the Art of the Motorcycle (Memphis) exhibition |aka = |manufacturer = Lucius Copeland |parent_company = |production = 1884 |model_year = |assembly = |predecessor = |successor = |class = |engine = Single steam cylinder |bore_stroke = |compression = |top_speed = c. {{convert|15|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} |power = {{convert|4|hp|kW|abbr=on}} @ 2,600 RPM |frame = American Star Bicycle steel frame |torque = |ignition = |transmission = Single speed, belt drive |suspension = |brakes = |tires = |rake_trail = |wheelbase = |length = |width = |height = |seat_height = |dry_weight = |wet_weight = |fuel_capacity = |oil_capacity = |fuel_consumption = |turning_radius = |related = }} The Copeland steam bicycle was a steam powered, two-wheeled motor vehicle made by Lucius Copeland in 1881 and is sometimes classed as an early motorcycle. In 1881 Copeland designed an efficient small steam boiler which could drive the large rear wheel of a Columbia penny-farthing to a speed of {{convert|12|mph}}. Unlike typical penny-farthing bicycles, the Copeland had small wheel at the front, which was turned by the handlebar for steering, and large wheel at the back.[2] In 1884 Copeland used an American Star bicycle, smaller steering wheel in front, to construct a new demonstration vehicle for the Maricopa County Fair that year.[2] The "Star" was able to cover a mile in four minutes and to carry enough water to operate for an hour. Copeland set up the Northrop Manufacturing Co. in 1887 in Camden, New Jersey to produce the a three-wheeled version, the "Phaeton Moto-Cycle", which he demonstrated at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C in 1888. The steam-powered engine produced 4 horsepower[1] at 2600 rpm with a {{convert|100|lbs|adj=on}} boiler around the steering column with the water heated by kerosene. A simple leather belt drove the large rear wheel, yielding a top speed of around {{convert|15|mph|km/h}}.[2] Surviving replicasPeter Gagan, a former president of the Antique Motorcycle Club of America, was able to trace an 1884 "Star" bicycle with an original Copeland steam engine to the Phoenix Museum of History. Gagan took sufficiently detailed measurements to create a full-scale, working replica, which was hurriedly assembled to feature at the Guggenheim's 'The Art of the Motorcycle' Exhibition when it opened on The Las Vegas Strip in October 2001.[3] This finished replica of the original Copeland "Star" is now the oldest motorcycle design in operable condition in the world.[8] This has inspired the Phoenix Museum of History to build a second Copeland replica, though it is not intended to be a working model.[3] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.khulsey.com/motorcycles/early-steam-gas-motorcycle-history.html |title=Antique Motorcycles: Early Steam-Cycle History |year=2009 |publisher=KHI Inc. |accessdate=23 September 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810002128/http://www.khulsey.com/motorcycles/early-steam-gas-motorcycle-history.html |archivedate=10 August 2010 |df= }} [4][5]2. ^{{cite web|url=http://patentpending.blogs.com/patent_pending_blog/2007/03/copeland_steam_.html|title=Copeland Steam Motorcycle|publisher=patentpendingblogs|date=11 March 2007|accessdate=23 September 2010}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.motohistory.net/news2004/news_jan04.html|title=A Second Copeland Replica|date=17 January 2004|publisher=motohistory.net|accessdate=23 September 2010}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.stanleysteamers.com/gagan.htm|title=Earliest Steam Cycles|last=Gagan|first=Peter|publisher=stanleysteamers.com|accessdate=23 September 2010}} 5. ^1 2 {{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mMoqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1010&lpg=PA1010|journal=The Automobile|date=December 2, 1915|title=The History of the American Automobile Industry |author=David Beecroft}} }} External links
2 : 19th-century motorcycles|Steam motorcycles |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。