| 词条 | Pontiac fever |
| 释义 |
| name = Pontiac fever | synonyms = | image = | caption = | pronounce = | field = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }}Pontiac fever is an acute, nonfatal respiratory disease caused by various species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Legionella. It causes a mild upper respiratory infection that resembles acute influenza. Pontiac fever resolves spontaneously and often goes undiagnosed. Both Pontiac fever and the more severe Legionnaire's disease are caused by the same bacteria, but Pontiac fever does not include pneumonia.[1][2][3][4] Pontiac fever was named for Pontiac, Michigan, where the first case was recognized. In 1968, several workers at the county's department of health came down with a fever and mild flu symptoms, but not pneumonia. After the 1976 Legionnaires' outbreak in Philadelphia, the Michigan health department re-examined blood samples and discovered the workers had been infected with the newly identified Legionella pneumophila.[5][6] An outbreak caused by Legionella micdadei in early 1988 in the UK became known as Lochgoilhead fever.[7] Since that time, other species of Legionella that cause Pontiac fever have been identified, most notably in New Zealand, in 2007 where Legionella longbeachae was discovered. The New Zealand outbreak also marked the first time Pontiac fever had been traced to potting soil. CauseSpecies of Legionella known to cause Pontiac fever include Legionella pneumophila, Legionella longbeachae, Legionella feeleii, Legionella micdadei, and Legionella anisa.[8] ReservoirSources of the causative agents are aquatic systems and potting soil. The first outbreak caused by inhalation of aerosolized potting soil was discovered in New Zealand in January 2007. A total of 10 workers at a nursery came down with Pontiac fever. It was the first identification of L. longbeachae.[9] TransmissionPontiac fever does not spread from person to person. It is acquired through aersolization of water droplets and/or potting soil containing Legionella bacteria.[10] EpidemiologyPontiac fever is known to have a short incubation period of 1 to 3 days. No fatalities have been reported and cases resolve spontaneously without treatment.[11] It is often not reported.[12] Age, gender, and smoking do not seem to be risk factors. Pontiac fever seems to affect young people in the age medians of 29, 30, and 32. Pathogenesis of the Pontiac fever is poorly known.[13] [14]References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hpa.org.uk/Topics/InfectiousDiseases/InfectionsAZ/PontiacFever/GeneralInformation/ |title=General Information- Pontiac Fever |publisher=HPA |date= |accessdate=2013-04-07}} 2. ^http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/191/9/1530.full.pdf 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/184/10/1289.full |title=Pontiac Fever Due to Legionella micdadei from a Whirlpool Spa: Possible Role of Bacterial Endotoxin |publisher=Jid.oxfordjournals.org |date= |accessdate=2013-04-07}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://legionellacontrol.com/legionella/pontiac-fever-legionnaires-disease/ |title=General Information- Pontiac Fever & Legionnaires’ Disease |publisher=Legionellacontrol |date= |accessdate=2011-09-02}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/01/health/01docs.html|title=In Philadelphia 30 Years Ago, an Eruption of Illness and Fear|date=1 August 2006|work=The New York Times}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.biocentral.com/1471-2458/6/112 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727065410/http://www.biocentral.com/1471-2458/6/112 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2014-07-27 |title=biocentral.com |publisher=biocentral.com |date= |accessdate=2013-04-08 }} 7. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91319-6 | title=LOCHGOILHEAD FEVER: OUTBREAK OF NON-PNEUMONIC LEGIONELLOSIS DUE TO LEGIONELLA MICDADEI | journal=The Lancet | date=1989 | volume=333 | issue=8633 | pages=316–318 | first=DavidJ. | last=Goldberg}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Phin|first1=Nick|title=Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires' disease|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|date=2014|volume=14|issue=10|pages=1011–1021|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70713-3}} 9. ^{{cite journal|title= An outbreak of Pontiac fever due to Legionella longbeachae serogroup 2 found in potting mix in a horticultural nursery in New Zealand|date=2013-01-30 |pmid=19781115 | doi=10.1017/S0950268809990835 |volume=138 |issue=1 |vauthors=Cramp GJ, Harte D, Douglas NM, Graham F, Schousboe M, Sykes K |journal=Epidemiol. Infect. |pages=15–20}} 10. ^{{cite web|author1=Lauri A. Hicks |author2=Laurel E. Garrison |url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2012/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/legionellosis-legionnaires-disease-and-pontiac-fever.htm |title=Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ Disease & Pontiac Fever) - Chapter 3 - 2012 Yellow Book - Travelers' Health - CDC |publisher=C.cdc.gov |date=2011-07-01 |accessdate=2013-04-08}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians.html |title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever |author= |date= |website=CDC |publisher=Centers for Fisease Control and Prevention |access-date=4 June 2014 |quote=}} 12. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Pancer K, Stypulkowska-Misiurewicz H | year = 2003 | title = Pontiac fever – non-pneumonic legionellosis | url = | journal = Przegl Epidemiol | volume = 57 | issue = | pages = 607–12 }} 13. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Fraser DW, Deubner DC, Hill DL, Gilliam DK | year = 1979 | title = Nonpneumonic, short-incubation-period Legionellosis (Pontiac fever) in men who cleaned a steam turbine condenser | url = | journal = Science | volume = 205 | issue = | pages = 690–1 | doi=10.1126/science.462175}} 14. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Friedman S, Spitalny K, Barbaree J, Faur Y, Mckinney R | year = 1987 | title = Pontiac fever outbreak associated with a cooling tower | url = | journal = Am J Public Health | volume = 77 | issue = | pages = 568–72 | doi=10.2105/ajph.77.5.568| pmc = 1647035}} External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 7366 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|48|1|a|30}}, {{ICD10|A|48|2|a|30}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|482.84}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000616 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1273 | MeshID = D007876 | Orphanet=99748 }}
10 : American Legion|Building biology|20th-century epidemics|Gram-negative bacteria|Industrial hygiene|Legionellosis|Medical lists|Pathogenic bacteria|Pontiac, Michigan|Legionellales |
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