“Corruption in France”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Corruption in France describes the prevention and occurrence of corruption in France.

France has ratified several important international anti-corruption conventions such as the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and the United Nations Convention against Corruption. In general, investors do not consider corruption a problem for doing business in France, and companies operating in France generally have a good reputation of corporate social responsibility.^[1]

The French National Assembly have proved two bills for combating tax evasion. However, in recent years there are several corruption scandals involving high-ranking public officials. Public works and the defence industry are considered the most affected by corruption.^[2]

Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perception Index ranks the country 23rd place out of 180 countries.^[3]

Extent and perceptions

In 2011, Transparency International concluded in its annual report for 2011 that France does not do enough to stop corruption.^[4] A TNS Sofres poll in October 2011 indicated that 72% of the French public had the perception that politicians are corrupt.^[5]

In France in 2009 all major foreign investors and exporters and more than 80 per cent of surveyed executives admitted to 'not being familiar at all' with one of the most important legal frameworks in global business. A cartel constitutes a crime punishable by imprisonment and/or fines. Staff and budgets for public enforcement of securities regulation was ca one third in France compared to UK in 2008.^[6]

Areas

Elections

Political corruption studies include the presidential campaign 2007 finance investigation in the value of 150,000 € from Liliane Bettencourt to Nicolas Sarkozy. Maximum individual support is 4,600 €. Jacques Chirac was accused of using public funds for his election campaign in Paris in the 1990s.^[7]

On 15 December 2011, Chirac was found guilty and given a suspended sentence of two years.^[8] He was convicted of diverting public funds, abuse of trust and illegal conflict of interest. The suspended sentence meant he did not have to go to prison, and took into account his age, health, and status as a former head of state.^[9] He did not attend his trial, since medical doctors deemed that his neurological problems damaged his memory.^[8]

Bribery

Bribery investigations from South Africa to France are ongoing, including bribery claims of Jacques Chirac, Dominique de Villepin and Jean-Marie Le Pen bribery claim from Gabon ex-president Omar Bongo. In September 2011 was judged Bernard Granie of 300 000 bribery from Provence Recyclage.^[7]

Energy sector

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Snapshot of the France Country Profile|url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/europe-central-asia/france/snapshot.aspx|work=Business Anti-Corruption Portal|publisher=GAN Integrity Solutions|accessdate=17 November 2013}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=2013 Investment Climate Statement - France|url=https://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2013/204643.htm|work=The US Department of State|publisher=The US Department of State|accessdate=17 November 2013}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016|title=Corruption Perception Index 2016|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
4. ^"Corruption watchdog says France could do better", Radio France Internationale, September 6, 2012.
5. ^"Bad smells", The Economist, October 1, 2011.
6. ^¹Global Corruption Report 2009, Corruption and the Private Sector, Transparency International August 2009
7. ^¹Korruptio mädättää Ranskaa HS 7.11.2011 B4 {{fi}}
8. ^¹{{cite news|title=French ex-President Jacques Chirac guilty of corruption|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16194089|work=BBC |accessdate=15 December 2011|date=15 December 2011}}
9. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/15/jacques-chirac-guilty-corruption "Jacques Chirac found guilty of corruption"], Guardian, 15 December 2011.