| 词条 | Pope Gelasius II |
| 释义 |
|type=Pope |honorific-prefix=Pope |name=Gelasius II |image=Pope Gelasius II.jpg |image_size=220px |birth_name=Giovanni Caetani |term_start=24 January 1118 |term_end=29 January 1119 |predecessor=Paschal II |successor=Callixtus II |ordination=9 March 1118 |consecration=10 March 1118 |cardinal=September 1088 |created_cardinal_by=Urban II |birth_date=1060–64 |birth_place=Gaeta, Principality of Capua |death_date={{death date|1119|1|29|df=y}} |death_place=Cluny, Duchy of Burgundy, Kingdom of France |previous_post={{unbulleted list|Acting Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (1088)|Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin (1088–1118)|Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (1089–1118)}} |other=Gelasius}}{{Infobox popestyles |papal name=Pope Gelasius II |dipstyle=His Holiness |offstyle=Your Holiness |relstyle=Holy Father |deathstyle=none| }} Pope Gelasius II (c. 1060/1064 – 29 January 1119), born Giovanni Caetani or Giovanni da Gaeta (also called Coniulo),[1] was Pope from 24 January 1118 to his death in 1119. A monk of Monte Cassino and chancellor of Pope Paschal II, Caetani was unanimously elected to succeed him. In doing so he also succeeded to the conflicts with Emperor Henry V over investiture. Gelasius spent a good part of his brief papacy in exile. BiographyEarly lifeHe was born between 1060 and 1064 at Gaeta into the Pisan branch of the Caetani family, and became a monk of Monte Cassino. Pope Urban II, who wished to improve the style of papal documents, brought him to Rome and made Caetani a papal subdeacon (August 1088) and cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin (probably on 23 September 1088). As chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1089 to 1118, he drastically reformed the papal administration, establishing a permanent staff of clerks for the papacy, overcoming the previous custom of relying on Roman notaries to write papal documents, and introducing the minuscule curial script. His tenure also established the precedent of the papal chancellor always being a cardinal and holding the office for life or until elected pope. PontificateShortly after his unanimous election to succeed Pope Paschal II in 1118, he was seized by Cencio II Frangipane, a partisan of Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, but was freed by a general uprising of the Romans on his behalf.[2] Henry V sought to enforce the privilege of investiture conceded (and later revoked in 1112) by the papacy, under duress, by Paschal II. He drove Gelasius II from Rome in March 1118, pronounced his election null and void, and set up Maurice Bourdin, Archbishop of Braga, as antipope under the name of Gregory VIII. Gelasius II fled to Gaeta, where he was ordained a priest on 9 March 1118 and on the following day received episcopal consecration. He at once excommunicated Henry V and the antipope and, under Norman protection, was able to return to Rome in July. But the disturbances of the imperialist party, especially those of the Frangipani, who attacked the Pope while celebrating Mass in the church of St. Prassede, compelled Gelasius II to go once more into exile. He set out for France, consecrating the cathedral of Pisa on the way, and arrived at Marseille in October. He was received with great enthusiasm at Avignon, Montpellier and other cities, held a synod at Vienne in January 1119, and was planning to hold a general council to settle the investiture contest when he died at Abbey of Cluny. See also{{Portal|Biography|Christianity|History}}
Notes1. ^John-Peter Pham, Heirs of the Fisherman, (Oxford University Press, 2004), 12. 2. ^Loughlin, James. "Pope Gelasius II." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 25 December 2017 References
| last = Rudolf Hüls | authorlink = | title = Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130 | publisher = Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom | series = | year = 1977 | doi = | isbn = 978-3-484-80071-7 }}
{{Popes}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gelasius 2}} 11 : 1060s births|1119 deaths|Popes|Italian popes|11th-century Italian people|12th-century Italian people|12th-century Roman Catholic bishops|People from Gaeta|Burials at Cluny Abbey|House of Caetani|12th-century popes |
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