| 词条 | Pope Gregory V |
| 释义 |
|type=Pope |honorific-prefix=Pope |name=Gregory V |image=Pope Gregory V.jpg |image_size = 220px |birth_name=Bruno of Carinthia |term_start=3 May 996 |term_end=18 February 999 |predecessor=John XV |successor=Sylvester II |birth_date=c. 972 |birth_place=Stainach, Duchy of Carinthia, Holy Roman Empire |death_date={{death date|999|2|18|df=y}} |death_place=Rome, Papal States |other=Gregory}} Pope Gregory V, born Bruno of Carinthia ({{lang-la|Gregorius V}}; c. 972 – 18 February 999) was Pope from 3 May 996 to his death in 999. FamilyHe was a son of the Salian Otto I, Duke of Carinthia,{{sfn|Brooke|2014|p=438}} who was a grandson of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor. Gregory V succeeded Pope John XV when only twenty-four years of age. He was the chaplain of his cousin Emperor Otto III, who presented him as candidate. Gregory V is often counted as the first German Pope (or the second if Boniface II, an Ostrogoth, is counted).[1] PoliciesPolitically, Gregory V acted consistently as the Emperor's representative in Rome and granted many exceptional privileges to monasteries within the Holy Roman Empire. One of his first acts was to crown Otto III Emperor on 21 May 996.[2] Together, they held a synod a few days after the coronation in which Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims, was ordered to be restored to his See of Reims, and Gerbert of Aurillac, the future Pope Sylvester II, was condemned as an intruder. Robert II of France, who had been insisting on his right to appoint bishops, was ultimately forced to back down, and also to put aside his wife Bertha of Burgundy, by the rigorous enforcement of a sentence of excommunication on the kingdom.[3] Until the conclusion of the council of Pavia in 997, Gregory V had a rival in the person of the antipope John XVI (997–998), whom Crescentius II and the nobles of Rome had chosen against the will of the youthful Emperor Otto III, Gregory's cousin. The revolt of Crescentius II was decisively suppressed by the Emperor, who marched upon Rome. John XVI fled, and Crescentius II shut himself up in the Castel Sant'Angelo. The Emperor's troops pursued the antipope, captured him, cut off his nose and ears, cut out his tongue, blinded him, and publicly degraded him before Otto III and Gregory V.[4] When the much respected St. Nilus of Rossano castigated both the Emperor and Pope for their cruelty, John XVI was sent to the monastery of Fulda in Germany, where he lived until c. 1001.[5] The Castel Sant'Angelo was besieged, and when it was taken in 998, Crescentius II was hanged upon its walls. DeathGregory V died suddenly, not without suspicion of foul play, on 18 February 999. He is buried in St. Peter's Basilica near Pope Pelagius I. His successor was Gerbert, who took the name Sylvester II. See also
References1. ^Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI, (HarperCollins Publishers, 2000), 138. 2. ^Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia, Ed. John M. Jeep, (Garland Publishing, Inc., 2001), 961. 3. ^Eleanor Shipley Duckett, Death and Life in the Tenth Century, (University of Michigan Press, 1988), 130. 4. ^The Papacy: An Encyclopedia, Ed. Philippe Levillain, (Routledge, 2002), 646. 5. ^Agasso, Domenico. "San Nilo da Rossano", Santi e Beati, February 1, 2001
Sources
External links{{Commonscat|Gregorius V|Gregory V}}
8 : Popes|German popes|10th-century German people|10th-century archbishops|Salian dynasty|972 births|999 deaths|10th-century popes |
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