“Council of Graduate Schools”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) is a nonprofit higher education organization with headquarters in Washington, DC. Its mission is to advance graduate education and research. Its main activities consist of best practice initiatives, data analysis, advocacy, and global engagement.

Membership and affiliations

CGS membership includes approximately 500 universities in the United States and Canada, as well as international institutions .^[1] The Council is concerned principally with the efforts of graduate schools, particularly those providing PhD and master's programs. Its efforts do not extend to professional degrees in medicine or law. CGS member institutions annually award the vast majority of all U.S. doctorates and U.S. master's degrees.^[2]

Institutional members are principally represented by the official directly responsible for overseeing graduate programs at the university, usually the dean of the graduate school.

Corporations, nonprofit organizations, and university system offices may also join CGS as nonvoting members.

CGS is affiliated with the regional graduate associations the Conference of Southern Graduate Schools (CSGS), the Midwestern Association of Graduate Schools (MAGS), the Northeastern Association of Graduate Schools (NEAGS), and the Western Association of Graduate Schools (WAGS).

Annual Meeting and Summer Workshop

The Council of Graduate Schools convenes members for two major meetings per year: an Annual Meeting in early December^[3] and a Summer Workshop and New Deans Institute held in July.

Leadership

CGS is governed by a member-elected board of directors. Members of the CGS Board of Directors are elected to one- to three-year terms. The current president of CGS, Suzanne Ortega, began her tenure July 2014.^[4]^[5]

History

The Council of Graduate Schools was founded in 1961, when what was then known as the “Council of Graduate Schools in the United States” invited 100 institutions to join as founding members. These institutions were selected based on the number and variety of doctoral degrees each awarded.

In 1987 the CGS membership voted to change the organization's name to the Council of Graduate Schools and began admitting Canadian institutions as members.

Activities

Best practice initiatives

CGS collaborates with members on initiatives that address common challenges in graduate education. Examples of these initiatives include understanding PhD career pathways,^[6]^[7]^[8] financial literacy,^[9] challenges in degree completion and attrition,^[10] Preparing Future Faculty (launched in 1993),^[11] the Professional Science Master's (launched in 1997, administrative processes taken over by the Keck Graduate Institute in 2012),^[12]^[13]^[14] and scholarly integrity and the Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR).^[15]^[16]

Research and benchmarking

CGS researches and publishes its findings on specific metrics related to graduate education, including graduate enrollment and degrees and international graduate student applications, admissions and enrollments.^[17]^[18]^[19]

Advocacy

CGS advocates for graduate education in the larger policy environment independently and in coordination with other national higher education organizations, and helps deans with advocacy on their campuses, and with stakeholders and policymakers. CGS regularly releases issue briefs on matters that affect graduate education, including issues such as Pathways Through Graduate School and Into Careers, the Higher Education Reauthorization Act, America COMPETES Act, immigration reform,^[20] and workforce development. CGS distributes a government affairs newsletter to its membership during weeks that the U.S. Senate is in session.

Global engagement

CGS hosts meetings and publishes research on global trends in graduate education as well as graduate education in a global context. Examples of its global engagement include the annual Strategic Leaders Global Summit on Graduate Education,^[21] traditionally hosted outside the U.S., and the international graduate admissions survey issued annually.

CGS also has an international membership program, whereby interested international universities may apply for membership in CGS.

Professional Master's in Social Sciences and Humanities

References

1. ^“About CGS.” Council of Graduate Schools Webpage. http://cgsnet.org/about-cgs
2. ^Calculated based on information provided from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and the CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees.
3. ^June, Audrey Williams. “Deans Consider New Demands on Graduate Education, in School and After.” The Chronicle of Higher Education. 9 December 2013.
4. ^Ellis, Lindsay. “Council of Graduate Schools’ President Is Stepping Down.” The Chronicle of Higher Education. 9 October 2013.
5. ^Stancill, Jane. “UNC Official Takes Job in Washington.” NewsObserver.com 8 April 2014.
6. ^Wood, L. Maren. “Vital Questions About Tracking Placement Data.” The Chronicle of Higher Education. 16 December 2013.
7. ^Pannapacker, William. “Where Have All the Ph.D.’s Gone?” The Chronicle of Higher Education. 21 January 2014. http://chronicle.com/article/Where-Have-All-the-PhD-s/144125/
8. ^Benderly, Beryl Lieff. “Filling the Information Gap About Post-Ph.D. Careers.” Science Careers. 12 December 2013.
9. ^Jarvis, Gail Marks. “College Considerations Should Include Future Debt.” Chicago Tribune. 25 April 2014. http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/yourmoney/sc-cons-0424-marksjarvis-20140425,0,6833051.column
10. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/03/education/03education.html?_r=1&em&ex=1191643200&en=2438decafe04c4d8&ei=5087 Berger, Joseph. “Exploring Ways to Shorten the Ascent to a Ph.D.” The New York Times. 3 October 2007.]
11. ^“Project Aims to Prepare Future Professors for Academy.” The Chronicle of Higher Education. 29 June 1994.
12. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/27/education/27iht-educLede.html?pagewanted=all Rosenbloom, Joseph. “A Master’s for Science Professionals Sweeps U.S. Schools.” The New York Times. 26 December 2010.]
13. ^Keck Graduate Institute. “KGI Selected to Administer PSM Affiliation Process.” KGI News and Events Webpage. 3 February 2012. {{cite web |url=http://www.kgi.edu/news-and-events/news-stories/2012/kgi-selected-to-administer-psm-affiliation-process.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-06-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714115921/http://www.kgi.edu/news-and-events/news-stories/2012/kgi-selected-to-administer-psm-affiliation-process.html |archivedate=2014-07-14 |df= }}
14. ^Benderley, Beryl Lieff. “Celebrating an Educational Innovation in Capital Style.” Science Careers. 5 December 2013. http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_magazine/previous_issues/articles/2013_12_05/caredit.a1300267
15. ^Benderley, Beryl Lieff. “Ethics Across Borders.” Science Careers. 2 November 2012. http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_magazine/previous_issues/articles/2012_11_02/caredit.a1200122
16. ^Mole, Beth. “How to Train Graduate Students in Research Ethics: Lessons from 6 Universities.” The Chronicle of Higher Education. 14 August 2012. http://chronicle.com/article/How-to-Train-Graduate-Students/133623/
17. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/05/world/americas/chinese-applications-to-us-graduate-schools-decline.html Fischer, Karin. “Chinese Applications to U.S. Graduate Schools Decline.” The New York Times. 4 May 2014.]
18. ^Jaschik, Scott. “Surge from India.” Inside Higher Ed. 5 November 2013. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/11/05/international-grad-enrollment-largely-due-indian-students
19. ^[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304868404579190062164404756 Porter, Caroline and Douglas Belkin. “Record Number of Foreign Students Flocking to U.S..” The Wall Street Journal. 11 November 2013.]
20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nationaljournal.com/s/59706|title=Saving America’s Greatest Import: Graduate Students With Advanced Skills|first=Beth|last=Reinhard|date=|website=National Journal|accessdate=24 February 2019}}
21. ^Central European University. “Leaders of Graduate Schools Recommend Active Role in Facing Promises, Challenges of Technology.” Central European University Website. 4 October 2013.
22. ^{{cite web |title=PMA Initiative |url=https://cgsnet.org/pma-initiative |website=Council of Graduate Schools |publisher=Council of Graduate Schools |access-date=February 6, 2019}}