| 词条 | Pope Sylvester III |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix=Pope |name=Sylvester III |image=Silvestro3.jpg |image_size= |birth_name=Giovanni dei Crescenzi – Ottaviani |term_start=20 January 1045 |term_end=10 March 1045 |other=Sylvester |predecessor=Benedict IX |successor=Benedict IX |birth_date=c. 1000 |birth_place=Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire |death_date=1063 (aged 63) |death_place=Sabina, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| }} Pope Sylvester III or Silvester III (1000 – October 1063), born Giovanni dei Crescenzi–Ottaviani in Rome, was Pope from 20 January to March 1045. BackgroundUpon the death of Pope John XIX in October 1032, the papal throne became the subject of dispute between rival factions of nobles. Theophylactus, a youth of about twenty, was the son of Alberic III, Count of Tusculum was supported by the nobles of Tusculum. Giovanni de' Crescenzi–Ottaviani was supported by the Crescenzi family. Alberic secured the election of his son through bribery. The nephew and namesake of Pope Benedict VIII, he took the name Benedict IX. The young man was not only unqualified, but led a reportedly dissolute life, and factional strife continued. A revolt in Rome led to Benedict IX being driven from the city in 1044.[1] PapacyGiovanni de' Crescenzi (John), bishop of Sabina, was elected after fierce and protracted infighting. He took the name Sylvester III in January 1045. Benedict IX issued an excommunication of the new Pope[2] and in March returned to Rome and expelled Sylvester,[3] who himself returned to Sabina to again take up his office of bishop in that diocese.[4] Nearly two years later (in December 1046), the Council of Sutri deprived him of his bishopric and priesthood and ordered him sent to a monastery.[5] This sentence was obviously suspended because he continued to function and was recognized as Bishop of Sabina until at least 1062.[6] A successor bishop to the see of Sabina is recorded for October 1063, indicating that John must have died prior to that date.[6] Though some consider him to have been an antipope, Sylvester III continues to be listed as an official Pope (1045) in Vatican lists. A similar situation applies to Pope Gregory VI (1045–1046). His pontifical name was used again by Antipope Theodoric because, at that time, he was not considered a legitimate pontiff. See also
Notes1. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=I2gKBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=Pope+Sylvester+III&source=bl&ots=Ff7voET2e2&sig=-mzKI13bEKH_k0BCzhOtptXZwWs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQn9CfsK_WAhUP3YMKHZn0Bfg4FBDoAQgvMAI#v=onepage&q=Pope%20Sylvester%20III&f=false Lynch, Joseph H. and Adamo, Phillip C., The Medieval Church, Routledge, 2014, p. 156], {{ISBN|9781317563334}} 2. ^Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, (HarperCollins, 2000), 172. 3. ^Megan McLaughlin, Sex, Gender, and Episcopal Authority in an Age of Reform, 1000–1122, (Cambridge University Press, 2010), 63. 4. ^John-Peter Pham, Heirs of the Fisherman : Behind the Scenes of Papal Death and Succession, (Oxford University Press, 2004), 57. 5. ^F. Donald Logan, A History of the Church in the Middle Ages, 2nd edition, (Routledge, 2013), 96. 6. ^1 J.N.D. Kelly, A Dictionary of Popes, (Oxford University Press, 2010), 144. References
External links
10 : Popes|Italian popes|Cardinal-bishops of Sabina|11th-century archbishops|1000 births|1060s deaths|People of medieval Rome|11th-century Italian people|Year of birth uncertain|11th-century popes |
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