| 词条 | Covered Bridge (Cedarburg, Wisconsin) |
| 释义 |
| name = Covered Bridge | nrhp_type = | image = Covered Bridge Cedarburg WI May-09.jpg | caption = Covered Bridge in May 2009 | nearest_city= Cedarburg, Wisconsin | coordinates = {{coord|43|20|15|N|88|0|18|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Wisconsin#USA | built = {{Start date|1876}} | architect = | architecture = Latticed timber truss | added = March 14, 1973 | area = Less than {{convert|1|acre}} | governing_body = Local | refnum = 73000092[1] }} The Covered Bridge (originally called Red Bridge) in Cedarburg, Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, United States,[2][3] is one of the last remaining covered bridges in that state, which once had about 40 covered bridges.[4] Built in 1876 to cross Cedar Creek, the bridge is {{convert|120|ft}} long and is made of pine with oak lattices. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and is now used only for pedestrian traffic.[4] HistoryThe bridge was built in 1876, the result of a petition by area farmers. It was constructed to serve as a permanent replacement for previous bridges that had washed out on various occasions.[5] In 1927, an abutment was added under the center of the bridge to support heavier vehicle traffic, such as cars and trucks, which were not present at the time of the original construction.[5] The Ozaukee County Board took over the bridge's preservation and maintenance in 1940.[5][9] In 1960, Ozaukee County bought the bridge and surrounding land for $7,500 and developed the area into Covered Bridge County Park.[6][7] After nearly a century of continuous use, the bridge began to suffer, with the heavy traffic loosening the planks. It was decided that the only way to preserve the bridge was to alleviate the burden.[7] In 1962, the Park Commission made the choice to relocate the bridge by moving it off the abutments to a location approximately {{convert|50|ft}} east of where it was. It was also restricted to pedestrian traffic. A second, modern bridge was built beside it to the west, only a few yards away. This new bridge is now used for vehicular traffic on the adjacent Covered Bridge Road.[5][7] The original bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 14, 1973.[1] In 2009, the county planned to spend over $19,000 on capital improvements for the Covered Bridge County Park, with part of the money to be used for new decking and railings for the bridge.[6] Construction and specificationsThe Covered Bridge is situated in a north-south orientation over Cedarburg Creek. It is a timber lattice truss bridge, and was originally {{convert|120|ft}} long.[8] It is {{convert|17|ft}} wide, and has a height of about {{convert|18|ft}} from the top of the abutments to the tip of the roof. The interior, from the deck to the top of the knee braces is approximately {{convert|13|ft}}.[9] It was built using oak and pine timbers, wood that was prepared at a site near Baraboo, Wisconsin. The lattices are very large,[10] made of oak, and were assembled without the use of bolts or nails. Instead, the trusses, consisting of {{convert|3|by|10|in|adj=on}} planks, are secured at the joints using oak pegs measuring {{convert|2|in}} in diameter, and having rounded ends.[5][9] The boards used at the sides and ends measure {{convert|1|by|12|in}}, and have joints covered by {{convert|1|by|4|in|adj=on}} battens. There are diagonal braces that measure {{convert|4|by|7|in}}, and are tenoned to fit into cross tie beams, and fitted with {{convert|2|by|2|in|adj=on}} oak wedges. The roof is shingled with cedar over {{convert|3|by|4|in|adj=on}} rafters spaced {{convert|30|to|36|in}} apart.[11] The cross tie beams at the floor are notched and bolted at each end. The floor joists, measuring {{convert|6|by|8|in}}, are decked with {{convert|2|by|4|in|adj=on}} wood laid on edge forming the deck. The interior walls were lined with a protective wheel guard about one foot above the deck.[9] The abutments are made of fieldstone set in white mortar. They are {{convert|17|ft}} wide where they meet the deck of the bridge, widening toward the ground to about {{convert|18|ft}}.[9] The center abutment was originally also made of fieldstone, but sometime before 1937 was replaced with concrete.[10] Plaques and historical markersThe bridge displays a plaque, placed on it in 1955 by the Port Washington Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, that identifies it as the "last covered bridge in Wisconsin" and lists the dates of 1876 and 1955.[5] In 1965 a historical marker was erected in front of the bridge by the Ozaukee County Historical Society which identifies it as "Last Covered Bridge" and states that it was built in 1876 and "retired" in 1962.[12] ReplicaA replica of the Covered Bridge, named the Springwater Volunteer Bridge, was built in 1997 in Waushara County, Wisconsin.[13] See also{{Commons category|Covered Bridge, Cedarburg, Wisconsin}}
References1. ^1 {{NRISref|version=2010a}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Town History|url=http://www.town.cedarburg.wi.us/about-cedarburg.cfm?id=6|publisher=Town of Cedarburg|accessdate=July 30, 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Early history of Ozaukee County, Wisconsin|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&id=WI.OzEarlyHist&entity=WI.OzEarlyHist.p0048&isize=text&pview=hide|work=University of Wisconsin Digital Collections: The State of Wisconsin Collection|publisher=University of Wisconsin|accessdate=July 30, 2012|page=34c|year=1965}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Anderson|first1=Donald N.|title=Covered Bridge|url={{NRHP url|id=73000092}}|accessdate=2017-01-14|work=NRHP Inventory-Nomination Form|publisher=National Park Service|date=1972-06-22}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Covered Bridge Park - History|url=http://www.co.ozaukee.wi.us/planningparks/CoveredBridge_History.asp|publisher=Ozaukee County Planning & Parks Department|accessdate=July 30, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523004336/http://www.co.ozaukee.wi.us/planningparks/CoveredBridge_History.asp|archivedate=May 23, 2012|df=}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|last=Benson |first=Dan |url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/ozwash/38199129.html |title=Town of Cedarburg seeks ownership of county's Covered Bridge park |publisher=JSOnline |date=January 23, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2012}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Gierach|first=Ryan|title=Cedarburg: A History Set in Stone|year=2003|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=9780738524313|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVvT4Xv8Gs4C&pg=PA145|page=145}} 8. ^{{citation |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Historic_American_Buildings_Survey_sketch_of_Covered_Bridge,_Cedarburg,_Wisconsin_-_2_of_3.jpg | title=West Elevation and Plan of the Covered Bridge, Town of Cedarburg, Ozaukee County, Wisconsin |last=Jahn |first=Clarence W. |publisher= Historic American Buildings Survey, Heritage Documentation Programs |date=April 2, 1934}} 9. ^1 2 3 April 1937 survey drawing legend by report by Clarence W. Jahn, Historic American Buildings Survey team 10. ^1 {{citation |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/wi/wi0000/wi0094/data/wi0094data.pdf |title= Written Historical and Descriptive Data for Covered Bridge, Cedarburg, Wisconsin| date=April 1937 |first=Alexander C. |last=Guth |publisher=Historic American Buildings Survey |number=HABS No. 28-12}} 11. ^{{citation |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Historic_American_Buildings_Survey_sketch_of_Covered_Bridge,_Cedarburg,_Wisconsin_-_3_of_3.jpg |title=Sections and Elevations of the Covered Bridge, Town of Cedarburg, Ozaukee County, Wisconsin |last=Jahn |first=Clarence W. |publisher= Historic American Buildings Survey, Heritage Documentation Programs |date=April 2, 1934}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=12193&term_type_id=2&term_type_text=places&letter=L |title=Last Covered Bridge (Built 1876, retired 1962) (Historic Marker Erected 1965) |publisher=Wisconsinhistory.org |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2012}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://bridgehunter.com/wi/ozaukee/bh36229/ |title=Cedarburg Covered Bridge |location=43.337750;-88.004850 |publisher=Bridgehunter.com |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2012}} External links
12 : Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin|Bridges completed in 1876|Wooden bridges in the United States|Tourist attractions in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin|Road bridges in Wisconsin|Pedestrian bridges in the United States|Covered bridges in Wisconsin|1876 establishments in Wisconsin|National Register of Historic Places in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin|Covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin|Former road bridges in the United States|Lattice truss bridges in the United States |
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