| 词条 | Cowspiracy |
| 释义 |
| name = Cowspiracy: The Sustainability Secret | image = Cowspiracy_poster.jpg | alt = A movie poster showing a cow with a sunset in the background | caption = Movie Poster for Cowspiracy | director = Kip Andersen Keegan Kuhn | producer = Leonardo DiCaprio (Netflix version) Kip Andersen Keegan Kuhn | starring = Kip Andersen Howard Lyman Richard Oppenlander Michael Pollan Michael Klaper Will Tuttle Will Potter | music = | cinematography = Keegan Kuhn | editing = Kip Andersen Keegan Kuhn | production_companies = Appian Way | released = {{Film date|2014|06|26|Los Angeles}} | runtime = 91 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = }} Cowspiracy: The Sustainability Secret is a 2014 documentary film which explores the impact of animal agriculture on the environment, and investigates the policies of environmental organizations on this issue. The film looks at various environmental concerns, including global warming, water use, deforestation, and ocean dead zones, and suggests that animal agriculture is the primary source of environmental destruction. The Union of Concerned Scientists has disputed the film's assertion that the majority of greenhouse gases driving climate change are produced by animal agriculture rather than fossil fuel emissions,[1] which runs counter to scientific consensus.[1] SynopsisThe documentary was directed by Kip Andersen and Keegan Kuhn, and explores the impact of animal agriculture on the environment, and investigates the policies of environmental organizations on this issue. Environmental organizations investigated in the film include Greenpeace, Sierra Club, Surfrider Foundation, Rainforest Action Network.[2][3][4][5] ProductionThe film was crowdfunded on IndieGoGo, with 1,449 contributors giving $117,092. This funding was 217% of their goal, and it allowed them to dub the film into Spanish and German and subtitle it into more than 10 other languages, including Chinese and Russian.[6][7] Screenings are licensed through the distributor, as well as through Tugg Inc.[8] An updated version of the documentary, executive-produced by Leonardo DiCaprio, premiered globally on Netflix on September 15, 2015.[9] The 2017 documentary What the Health was written, produced, and directed by the same production team (Kip Andersen and Keegan Kuhn) as Cowspiracy.[10] Featured individualsThe following individuals were featured in the film:
Reception{{anchor|Awards}}Cowspiracy won the Audience Choice Award at the 2015 South African Eco Film Festival,[11] as well as the Best Foreign Film Award at the 12th annual Festival de films de Portneuf sur l'environnement.[12] It was also nominated for Cinema Politica’s 2015 Audience Choice Award.[13]Doug Boucher, reviewing the film for the Union of Concerned Scientists, disputed the film's claim that 51% of global greenhouse gases are caused by animal agriculture. Boucher describes the 51% figure as being sourced from a 2009 Worldwatch Institute report by Robert Goodland and Jeff Anhang,[14] not from a peer-reviewed scientific paper. He asserts methodological flaws in Goodland and Anhang's logic, and claims that the scientific community has formed a consensus that global warming is primarily caused by humanity's burning of fossil fuels.[1] Boucher states that the scientific consensus is that livestock contribute 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions - far lower than the 51% claimed by the film.[15] Boucher's review concludes: "Movies like Cowspiracy aren’t believable, not only because of how they twist the science, but also because of what they ask us to believe: that the fossil fuel industry—the ExxonMobils of the world—aren’t the main cause of global warming... and that thousands of scientists have covered up the truth about the most important environmental issue of our time."[15] On June 1, 2018, researchers Joseph Poore and Thomas Nemecek published a peer-reviewed meta-analysis for Science magazine.[16][17] In their study they estimate that the food supply chain is responsible for 26% of anthropogenic GHG emissions. Within the food supply chain, animal products (including fish farms) account for 58% of GHGs, implying that animal products account for 15% of total anthropogenic GHG emissions. Mainstream media coverage was quick to publicize this scientific meta-analysis, starting with The Guardian (UK),[18] Newsweek,[19] The Independent (UK),[20] and Science News. Newsweek openly suggests people go vegan in its headline: "Want to Save the Planet? Go Vegan, Study Says." See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Herrero|first1=Mario|last2=Wirsenius|first2=Stefan|last3=Henderson|first3=Benjamin|last4=Rigolot|first4=Cyrille|last5=Thornton|first5=Philip|last6=Havlík|first6=Petr|last7=de Boer|first7=Imke|last8=Gerber|first8=Pierre|title=Livestock and the Environment: What Have We Learned in the Past Decade?|journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources|date=November 2015|volume=40|pages=177–202|doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-031113-093503|url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-environ-031113-093503}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ellen-kanner/meatless-monday-cowspirac_b_5634983.html|title=Meatless Monday -- 'Cowspiracy:' The One Thing No One Talks About|last=Kanner|first=Ellen|publisher=Huffington Post|date=August 4, 2014|accessdate=October 9, 2014}} 3. ^Animal Agriculture: A Neglected Agent of Global Warming? The co-producers of the documentary film "Cowspiracy" discuss the environmental impact of Intensive animal farming - and why mainstream organizations have been silent about it. November 20, 2014, The Real News 4. ^{{cite news | authorlink = Frank Armstrong | title = Cowspiracy | date = February 19, 2015 | url = http://www.villagemagazine.ie/index.php/2015/02/cowspiracy/ | work = Village | accessdate = 2015-03-04}} 5. ^{{cite news | authorlink = Tiffany Do | title = Burgers Are Ending the World, Says Cowspiracy | date = Jun 25, 2014 | url = http://www.sfweekly.com/foodie/2014/06/25/burgers-are-ending-the-world-says-cowspiracy | work = SF Weekly | accessdate = 2015-03-04}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/cowspiracy-the-sustainability-secret|title=Cowspiracy IndieGoGo campaign page}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://newint.org/blog/2015/09/24/cowspiracy-documentary-vegan/|title=Beware Cowspiracy – and the spread of the vegan virus -- New Internationalist|author=Alison Homewood|work=New Internationalist}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tugg.com/titles/cowspiracy|title=Cowspiracy page on Tugg}} 9. ^{{cite news | authorlink = Olivia Armstrong | title = Exclusive: Interview With Directors Of ‘Cowspiracy: The Sustainability Secret’ On Netflix, A Controversial New Documentary | date = August 27, 2015 | url = http://decider.com/2015/08/27/cowspiracy-the-sustainability-documentary-netflix/ | work = Decider | accessdate = 2015-08-28}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://myveganjournal.com/cowspiracy-film-makers-announce-new-film-what-the-health/ |title=Cowspiracy Film Makers Announce NEW film: What the Health! |author=Jackie Day |date=January 23, 2016 |website=My Vegan Journal}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=Cowspiracy Wins Audience Choice Award |date=April 9, 2015 |url=http://southafricanecofilmfestival.com/2015/04/09/cowspiracy-wins-audience-choice-award/ |work=The South African Eco Film Festival |accessdate=2015-04-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416111332/http://southafricanecofilmfestival.com/2015/04/09/cowspiracy-wins-audience-choice-award/ |archivedate=April 16, 2015 |df= }} 12. ^{{cite news | title = Le FFPE récompense les films gagnants de la 12e édition | date = April 27, 2015 | url = http://www.ffpe.ca/le-ffpe-recompense-les-films-gagnants-de-la-12e-edition/ | work = Festival de films de Portneuf sur l'environnement | accessdate = 2015-04-28}} 13. ^{{cite news | title = Vote for the 2015 Audience Choice Award! | date = April 6, 2016 | url = http://www.cinemapolitica.org/blog/network/vote-2015-audience-choice-award | work = Cinema Politica | accessdate = 2016-04-24}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldwatch.org/files/pdf/Livestock%20and%20Climate%20Change.pdf |title=Livestock and Climate Change |first=Robert |last=Goodland |first2=Jeff |last2=Anhang |publisher=World Watch |date=November–December 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417140859/http://www.worldwatch.org/files/pdf/Livestock%20and%20Climate%20Change.pdf |archivedate=2017-04-17 |df= }} 15. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=Boucher|first1=Doug|title=Movie Review: There’s a Vast Cowspiracy about Climate Change|url=http://blog.ucsusa.org/doug-boucher/cowspiracy-movie-review|website=The Equation blog|publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists|accessdate=12 June 2016|date=10 June 2016}} 16. ^Poore, J. & T. Nemecek, Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science 01 Jun 2018: Vol. 360, Issue 6392, pp. 987-992 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaq0216 17. ^{{cite journal|url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6392/987|title=Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers|first1=J.|last1=Poore|first2=T.|last2=Nemecek|date=1 June 2018|publisher=|journal=Science|volume=360|issue=6392|pages=987–992|via=science.sciencemag.org|doi=10.1126/science.aaq0216|pmid=29853680}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/31/avoiding-meat-and-dairy-is-single-biggest-way-to-reduce-your-impact-on-earth|title=Avoiding meat and dairy is ‘single biggest way’ to reduce your impact on Earth|first=Damian|last=Carrington|date=31 May 2018|website=the Guardian}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/want-save-planet-go-vegan-study-says-952789|title=Want to save the planet? Go vegan, study says|date=1 June 2018|publisher=}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/veganism-environmental-impact-planet-reduced-plant-based-diet-humans-study-a8378631.html|title=Going vegan is ‘single biggest way’ to reduce our impact on the planet, study finds|publisher=}} External links
11 : 2014 films|2014 in the environment|American films|English-language films|American documentary films|Documentary films about environmental issues|Documentary films about agriculture|Agriculture and the environment|Documentary films about animal rights|Documentary films about vegetarianism|Vegetarianism in the United States |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。