| 词条 | Crabs of the British Isles |
| 释义 |
| direction = vertical | align = right | header = Largest and smallest crabs of the British Isles | width = 220 | image1 = Paromola cuvieri.jpg | caption1 = Paromola cuvieri (up to 120 cm claw span) | image2 = Pinnotheres pisum.jpg | caption2 = Pinnotheres pisum (up to 4 mm across the carapace) }}}} Around 65 species of crab occur in the waters of the British Isles.[1]{{#tag:ref|Howson & Picton define the waters of the British Isles to be the area within the {{convert|200|m}} isobath surrounding the British Isles, between 48 °N and 62.5 °N, and between 13 °W and 6 °E; this includes the English Channel and parts of the North Sea coasts of Belgium and the Netherlands, but excludes the Faroe Islands.[2]|group=Note}} All are marine, with the exception of the introduced Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, which occurs in fresh and brackish water. They range in size from the deep-water species Paromola cuvieri,[3] which can reach a claw span of {{convert|1.2|m}},[4] to the pea crab, which is only {{convert|4|mm|abbr=on}} wide and lives inside mussel shells. Fisheries{{Hide in print|1={{multiple image| direction = vertical | width = 220 | header = Commercial crabs in the British Isles | image1 = DormeursCancer pagurus2010.JPG | caption1 = Nearly 30,000 t of the edible crab Cancer pagurus is landed in the British Isles every year. | image2 = Cangrejo-rafax.JPG | caption2 = 1,500 t of the spider crab Maja squinado is landed in the British Isles every year. | image3 = Carcinus maenas.jpg | caption3 = More than 500 t of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, is landed in the British Isles every year. | image4 = Necora025eue.jpg | caption4 = Up to 200 t of the velvet crab, Necora puber, is landed in the British Isles every year. }}}} Several species of wild crab are the subject of crab fisheries around the coasts of the British Isles. The most important are the brown crab or edible crab, Cancer pagurus (29,193 t), various swimming crabs (3,180 t), the spider crab Maja squinado (1,565 t), the shore crab or green crab Carcinus maenas (553 t) and the velvet crab Necora puber (193 t). Around 77% of the catch is landed in the United Kingdom, 19% in Ireland, 4% in the Channel Islands, and 1% in the Isle of Man.{{#tag:ref|Fishery data is for the year 2009, and is taken from the FAO's online database, summing the captures for the Channel Islands, Isle of Man, Ireland and the United Kingdom.[5]|group=Note |name="FAO"}} Species62 species have been directly observed in the waters of the British Isles:[1]{{#tag:ref|Nomenclature follows Ng et al. (2009).[6]|group=Note}} {{div col|colwidth=24em}}
Three deep-water species have also been recorded near the British Isles, and are likely to occur in the area. These are:[1]
Notes1. ^1 2 {{cite book |author=J. M. C. Holmes, M. J. Costello & D. W. Connor |year=1997 |chapter=Crustacea |pages=142–209 |editor=Christine M. Howson & Bernard E. Picton |title=The Species Directory of the Marine Fauna and Flora of the British Isles and Surrounding Seas |publisher=Ulster Museum and the Marine Conservation Society |isbn=978-0-948150-06-7 |url=http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/68694.pdf |format=PDF}} 2. ^{{cite book |year=1997 |chapter=Introduction |pages=5–8 |editor=Christine M. Howson & Bernard E. Picton |title=The Species Directory of the Marine Fauna and Flora of the British Isles and Surrounding Seas |publisher=Ulster Museum and the Marine Conservation Society |isbn=978-0-948150-06-7 |url=http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/68694.pdf |format=PDF}} 3. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/britains-biggest-crab-emerges-from-the-deep-1950684.html |title=Britain's biggest crab emerges from the deep |author=Michael McCarthy |publisher=The Independent |date=April 22, 2010 |accessdate=February 12, 2012}} 4. ^{{cite journal |author=Mike Thurston |year=1987 |title=Record breaking crab is not such a strange catch |journal=New Scientist |volume=114 |issue=1554 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UcHQ3BIGfHMC&pg=PA24}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-capture-production/query/en |title=Global Capture Production 1950–2009 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate=February 12, 2012}} 6. ^{{cite journal|journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606061453/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 |df= }} References{{reflist|32em}}{{Fauna of Great Britain}} 2 : Crabs|Fauna of the British Isles |
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