| 词条 | Craven Laboratories |
| 释义 |
| name = Craven Laboratories | logo = | caption = | type = | traded_as = | genre = | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = | founder = | defunct = | location_city = Austin, Texas | location_country = United States | locations = | area_served = | key_people = | industry = | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owner = Dr. Don Allen Craven (1993) | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = | footnotes = | intl = }}Craven Laboratories was an American research company based in Austin, Texas.[1] HistoryCraven Laboratories was the first chemical testing lab charged in the United States following establishment of the Food and Drug Administration's Good Laboratory Practices regulations.[2] Scientific fraudInvestigationThe Environmental Protection Agency announced on March 1, 1991 that it was investigating Craven Laboratories for "allegedly falsifying test data used by chemical firms to win EPA approval of pesticides."[3] The investigation was coordinated by the EPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, DOJ Environmental Crimes Division, and the United States Attorney.[2] IndictmentsIn 1991, a federal grand jury indicted the laboratory's owner, Don Allen Craven, with felony counts of conspiracy, mail fraud, making false statements, concealment of material facts, and obstructing EPA proceedings. The head of the Quality Assurance Unit was also charged, as were several lab technicians.[4][5] ScopeAt least 48 chemicals were approved on the basis of Craven's fraudulent research, 28 of which remained on the market in New Zealand as of 1993.[7] In total, the FDA reported that Craven performed safety analysis for 262 companies.[6] AftermathFollowing conclusion of the EPA's investigation, the Department of Justice announced on February 25, 1994 that the president of Craven Laboratories and fourteen of its former employees were adjudged guilty for the falsification of research data.[7][8] Monsanto has stated the Craven Labs investigation was started by the EPA after a pesticide industry task force discovered irregularities, that the studies had been repeated, and that Roundup's EPA certification does not now use any studies from Craven Labs.[9]Legal casesFollowing Craven Laboratory's investigation, 11 multinational corporations filed suit against Craven for losses secondary to its misconduct.[10] See also
References1. ^{{cite book | last1 = Jensen | first1 = Carl | title = 20 Years of Censored News | chapter = Fraudulent Safety Tests Deceive the American People | publisher = Seven Stories Press | year = 1997 | pages = 125 | isbn = 978-1888363524}} {{US-company-stub}}2. ^1 {{cite journal |title=The long arm of the lab laws |journal=Today's Chemist at Work |year=2001 |last= Novak |first=Roger A. |volume=10 |issue=11 |url=http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/tcaw/10/i11/html/11regs.html |accessdate=2015-12-01 }} 3. ^{{cite news | first = Bill | last = Collier | title = EPA studies allegations Austin lab faked pesticide data | date = 1991-03-02 | work = The Austin American-Statesman | quote = }} 4. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=chlQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5FUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5651%2C5109260 |title=Austin Lab, president indicted in federal pesticide testing case |work=The Victoria Advocate |date=1992-09-30 |accessdate=2015-12-01 }} 5. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/reports/accomplishments/oeca/fy94accomplishment.pdf | title = EPA FY1994 Enforcement and Compliance Assurance Accomplishments Report | format = | website = | publisher = United States Environmental Protection Agency }} 6. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4NctAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sdAFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2557%2C184092 |title=Texas firm probed for residue studies |work=Moscow-Pullman Daily News |date=1991-03-01 |accessdate=2015-12-01 }} 7. ^{{cite news | first = Zeke | last = MacCormack | title = Craven Laboratories owner pleads guilty: Craven made false statements to EPA about pesticide tests | date = 1993-12-05 | work = The Austin American-Statesman | quote = In accepting the plea agreement Thursday, four days into his trial, Craven became the 15th employee of Craven Laboratories Inc. to admit guilt in what prosecutors have called the most significant environmental case in Central Texas history.}} 8. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.monsanto.com/products/Documents/glyphosate-background-materials/ibt_craven_bkg.pdf | title = Backgrounder: Testing Fraud: IBT and Craven Laboratories | publisher = Monsanto | accessdate = 2012-07-11 | date = June 2005}} 9. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.monsanto.com/products/Documents/glyphosate-background-materials/ibt_craven_bkg.pdf | title = Testing Fraud: IBT and Craven Labs | date = June 2005 | work = Backgrounder | publisher = Monsanto Company }} 10. ^1 {{cite journal |title=Pesticide Safety Fraud |journal=New Zealand Science Monthly |date=March 1993 |last=Frederikson |first=Tim |url=http://nzsm.webcentre.co.nz/article763.htm |accessdate=2015-12-01 }} 2 : Contract research organizations|Scientific misconduct incidents |
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