| 词条 | Port Arthur, Texas |
| 释义 |
| name = Port Arthur, Texas | settlement_type = City | nickname = PA, PAT | motto = | image_skyline = Port Scene..jpg | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = Port Arthur | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = Jefferson County PortArthur.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Location of Port Arthur, Texas - U.S. Census Map | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Texas | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Jefferson | government_footnotes = | government_type = Council-Manager | leader_title = City Council | leader_name = Mayor Derrick Freeman Cal J. Jones, Thomas Kinlaw III Raymond Scott Jr. Kaprina Frank Charlotte Moses Harold Doucet Jr. | leader_title1 = City Manager | leader_name1 = Harvey Robinson, Interim | established_title = | established_date = | website = {{URL|PortArthur.net}} | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 373.1 | area_land_km2 = 199.2 | area_water_km2 = 173.9 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2010 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 53818 | population_density_km2 = 270.2 | population_density_sq_mi = | timezone = Central (CST) | utc_offset = −6 | timezone_DST = CDT | utc_offset_DST = −5 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 2 | elevation_ft = 7 | coordinates = {{coord|29|53|6|N|93|56|24|W|region:US-TX_type:city|display=inline,title}} | postal_code_type = ZIP codes | postal_code = 77640-77643 | area_code = 409 | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = 48-58820[1] | blank1_name = GNIS feature ID | blank1_info = 1384151[1] | footnotes = }}Port Arthur is a city in Jefferson County within the Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area of the U.S. state of Texas. A small portion extends into Orange County. It is {{Convert|90|mi|abbr=on}} east of Houston. It is host to the largest oil refinery in the United States (the 600,000 bpd Saudi Aramco - Motiva Enterprises refinery).[2] The population of Port Arthur was 53,818 at the 2010 census,[3] down from 57,755 at the 2000 census. Early attempts at settlements in the area had all failed. However, in 1895, Arthur Stilwell founded Port Arthur, and the town quickly grew. Port Arthur was incorporated as a city in 1898 and soon developed into a seaport. It eventually became the center of a large oil refinery network.[4] The Rainbow Bridge across the Neches River connects Port Arthur to Bridge City. HistoryAurora was an early settlement attempt near the mouth of Taylor Bayou on Sabine Lake, about {{convert|14|mi}} long and {{convert|7|mi|0}} wide. It is a saltwater estuary formed by the confluence of the Neches and Sabine rivers. Through its tidal outlet, {{convert|5|mi|km|adj=mid|-long|0}} Sabine Pass, Sabine Lake drains some {{convert|50000|sqmi|km2|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} of Texas and Louisiana into the Gulf of Mexico. The town was conceived in 1837, and in 1840 promoters led by Almanzon Huston were offering town lots for sale. Some were sold, but Huston's project failed to attract many settlers. The area next was known as "Sparks", after John Sparks, who moved his family to the shores of Sabine Lake near the site of Aurora. The Eastern Texas Railroad, completed between Sabine Pass and Beaumont, Texas, passed {{convert|4|mi|adj=on|0}} west of Sparks. However, the American Civil War soon began, and rail lines were removed. In 1886, a destructive hurricane hit the coast, causing the remaining residents to dismantle their homes and move to Beaumont. By 1895, Aurora had become a ghost town.[5] Arthur Stilwell led the resettling of the area as part of his planned city of Port Arthur. Pleasure Island now separates the city from the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. The {{convert|18.5|mi|adj=on}} man-made island was created between 1899 and 1908 by the Corps of Engineers to support development of the port. Arthur Stilwell founded the Port Arthur Channel and Dock Company to manage the port facilities. The port officially opened with the arrival of the British steamer Saint Oswald in 1899. (The ship later sank in 1915, after colliding with the French battleship Suffren during World War I.) When oil was discovered in the region, Port Arthur developed for a time as the center of the largest oil refinery network in the world.[6] GeographyPort Arthur is located on the eastern edge of Jefferson County at {{Coord|29|53|6|N|93|56|24|W|type:city}} (29.884864, −93.939902), on the west side of Sabine Lake.[7] It is bordered to the northeast by Orange County, Texas, and to the southeast, across Sabine Lake, by Cameron Parish, Louisiana. The Port Arthur city limits extend south along the west side of Sabine Pass, the outlet of Sabine Lake, as far as the Gulf of Mexico on the city's southern border. To the north the city limits extend across the Neches River into Orange County. Port Arthur is bordered to the northwest by the cities of Nederland, Groves, and Port Neches, and to the northeast by Bridge City in Orange County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{Convert|373.1|sqkm|order=flip}}, of which {{Convert|199.2|sqkm|order=flip}} are land and {{Convert|173.9|sqkm|order=flip}}, or 46.61%, are covered by water.[3] CommunitiesCommunities in Port Arthur include:
ClimatePort Arthur is tied with Lake Charles, Louisiana, and Astoria, Oregon, as the most humid city in the contiguous United States. The average relative humidity is 90% in the morning, and 72% in the afternoon.[8] {{Weather box|location = Port Arthur, Texas (Jack Brooks Airport) 1981–2010 |single line = Y |Jan record high F = 86 |Feb record high F = 90 |Mar record high F = 95 |Apr record high F = 94 |May record high F = 101 |Jun record high F = 106 |Jul record high F = 108 |Aug record high F = 108 |Sep record high F = 105 |Oct record high F = 99 |Nov record high F = 94 |Dec record high F = 86 |year record high F= 108 |Jan high F = 62.1 |Feb high F = 65.4 |Mar high F = 71.9 |Apr high F = 78.2 |May high F = 84.7 |Jun high F = 89.7 |Jul high F = 91.7 |Aug high F = 92.2 |Sep high F = 88.3 |Oct high F = 80.7 |Nov high F = 71.7 |Dec high F = 63.8 |year high F= 78.4 |Jan low F = 43.4 |Feb low F = 46.8 |Mar low F = 52.5 |Apr low F = 59.3 |May low F = 67.2 |Jun low F = 72.9 |Jul low F = 74.4 |Aug low F = 74.2 |Sep low F = 69.9 |Oct low F = 60.7 |Nov low F = 51.9 |Dec low F = 44.9 |year low F= 59.8 |Jan record low F = 11 |Feb record low F = 10 |Mar record low F = 20 |Apr record low F = 32 |May record low F = 45 |Jun record low F = 53 |Jul record low F = 61 |Aug record low F = 58 |Sep record low F = 45 |Oct record low F = 30 |Nov record low F = 22 |Dec record low F = 12 |year record low F= 10 |Jan precipitation inch = 5.25 |Feb precipitation inch = 3.58 |Mar precipitation inch = 3.53 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.21 |May precipitation inch = 5.22 |Jun precipitation inch = 7.09 |Jul precipitation inch = 5.94 |Aug precipitation inch = 5.35 |Sep precipitation inch = 5.93 |Oct precipitation inch = 5.58 |Nov precipitation inch = 4.40 |Dec precipitation inch = 5.28 |year precipitation inch= 60.37 |precipitation colour = green |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |Jan precipitation days = 9.5 |Feb precipitation days = 8.7 |Mar precipitation days = 7.4 |Apr precipitation days = 6.2 |May precipitation days = 6.6 |Jun precipitation days = 10.0 |Jul precipitation days = 11.4 |Aug precipitation days = 11.1 |Sep precipitation days = 8.9 |Oct precipitation days = 7.5 |Nov precipitation days = 8.1 |Dec precipitation days = 9.5 |Jan humidity = 79.0 |Feb humidity = 76.6 |Mar humidity = 76.2 |Apr humidity = 77.1 |May humidity = 78.7 |Jun humidity = 79.0 |Jul humidity = 80.7 |Aug humidity = 80.3 |Sep humidity = 79.3 |Oct humidity = 76.9 |Nov humidity = 78.0 |Dec humidity = 79.6 |year humidity = 78.4 |Jan sun = 135.5 |Feb sun = 168.5 |Mar sun = 188.1 |Apr sun = 203.2 |May sun = 262.9 |Jun sun = 284.6 |Jul sun = 281.7 |Aug sun = 258.6 |Sep sun = 231.9 |Oct sun = 241.3 |Nov sun = 184.8 |Dec sun = 148.9 |year sun = 2590.0 |Jan percentsun = 42 |Feb percentsun = 54 |Mar percentsun = 51 |Apr percentsun = 53 |May percentsun = 62 |Jun percentsun = 68 |Jul percentsun = 66 |Aug percentsun = 63 |Sep percentsun = 63 |Oct percentsun = 68 |Nov percentsun = 58 |Dec percentsun = 47 |year percentsun = 58 |source 1 = NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[9][10] The Weather Channel (record temperatures)[11] |date= November 2011 }} Demographics2010 census dataAs of the 2010 census,[12] 53,818 people, 20,183 households, and 13,191 families resided in the city. The population density was 654.6 people per square mile (250.5/km²). The 23,577 housing units averaged 284.4 per square mile (109.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 41.7% African American, 37.9% White, 1.2% Native American, 6.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 15.3% from other races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 29.6% of the population. {{US Census population|1900= 900 |1910= 7663 |1920= 22251 |1930= 50902 |1940= 46140 |1950= 57530 |1960= 66676 |1970= 57371 |1980= 61251 |1990= 58724 |2000= 57755 |2010= 53818 |estyear=2016 |estimate=55427 |estref=[13] |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[14] }} Of the 20,183 households, 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were not families; 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.31. In the city, the population was distributed as 27.0% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males. 2000 census dataAs of the census of 2000,[15] the median income for a household in the city was $26,455, and for a family was $32,143. Males had a median income of $30,915 versus $21,063 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,183. About 22.9% of families and 25.2% of the population were below the poverty line. Of the total people living in poverty, 35.2% were under age 18 and 14.4% were age 65 or over. EconomyHome to a large portion of United States refining capacity, Port Arthur is now seeing renewed investment in several key installations. Motiva Enterprises is undertaking a major addition to its western Port Arthur refinery, expanding capacity to {{convert|600000|oilbbl/d}}.[16] This $10.0 billion project is the largest US refinery expansion to occur in 30 years.[16] Premcor Refining (now Valero) completed a $775 million expansion of its petrochemical plant, and BASF/Fina commenced operations of a new $1.75 billion gasification and cogeneration unit on premises of its current installation, which had just completed its own $1 billion upgrade. These operations are supported by the Port of Port Arthur, one of Texas' leading seaports. Port Arthur still suffers, though, from one of the highest unemployment rates in the state.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} The city was the site of an oil spill in 2010, when an oil tanker and barge collided, causing 450,000 gallons of oil to spill into the Sabine/Neches waterway alongside the city.[17] Central business district disintegrationThe commercial center of Port Arthur was at its peak in the early 1900s. Together with the effects of suburbanization, which drew off wealthier residents to new housing away from town, gradually taking businesses with them, from 1960 until 1974,[18] successive waves of economic recession caused much distress in the town. The central business district has many boarded up and vacant locations. Hotel SabineThe Hotel Sabine opened at 600 Proctor Street in 1929 and operated as the Vaughn Hotel until the mid-1930s. At 118 feet, 10 stories, and the tallest building in Port Arthur,[19] the building is of Beaux-Arts architecture style, built with steel-reinforced concrete and brick on 640 steel-laced wooden cypress pilings driven 60 ft into the ground. It was designed to withstand the most severe coastal storms.[20] The hotel closed down in the mid-1980s. The Port Arthur News reported August 28, 2010, that "DWA (Digital Workforce Academy) Buys Sabine Hotel",[21] By November 2011, the hotel was reported to be slated for demolition. The cost of renovations were estimated at $10– 12,000,000 dollars and demolition estimates as $500,000 to 1.2 million.[22] Hurricane Rita struck a direct hit on the Proctor Street Seawall, and damaged many downtown businesses and homes. As economic activity picked up in the region, calls for downtown revitalization have been advanced.[23][24] The true center of commercial activity has gravitated from downtown to other areas.[25] The main shopping center is Central Mall, opened outside the downtown in 1982. Arts and culturePort Arthur's Museum of the Gulf Coast is recognized as the area's definitive collection of items and displays for figures from Port Arthur and the surrounding communities. GovernmentThe mayor of Port Arthur is Derrick Ford Freeman. The county operates the Port Arthur Sub-Courthouse in Port Arthur.[26] The United States Postal Service operates the Port Arthur Post Office,[27] the Port Acres Post Office,[28] and the Sabine Pass Post Office in Sabine Pass.[29] EducationPrimary and secondary schoolsMost of the city is served by the Port Arthur Independent School District. It operates a single high school, Memorial High School, formed in 2002 by the consolidation of three high schools: Stephen F. Austin, Abraham Lincoln, and Thomas Jefferson.[30] The portion around Southeast Texas Regional Airport is served by the Nederland Independent School District. Some parts are served by Port Neches-Groves Independent School District. The Sabine Pass community is served by the Sabine Pass Independent School District. The Bob Hope Charter School is located in Port Arthur.[31] It formerly had a Catholic high school, Bishop Byrne High School, which closed in 1983.[32] CollegesLamar State College–Port Arthur, located in downtown Port Arthur, celebrated its 100th birthday in 2009. Offering a full variety of basic core curriculum classes which credits are transferable throughout Texas public universities, Lamar State College is recognized for associate programs in commercial music, nursing, legal assistant, and process technology. The college also fields competitive teams in men's basketball and women's softball. The section of Port Arthur within the Sabine Pass School District is assigned to Galveston College in Galveston.[33]Public librariesThe Port Arthur Public Library, at 4615 9th Avenue at Texas State Highway 73, serves as the public library system for the city.[34] InfrastructureTransportationAirThe Jack Brooks Regional Airport in the northwest part of Port Arthur serves Beaumont and Port Arthur. BusLocal bus service is provided by Port Arthur Transit. Tropical cyclonesHurricane AudreyIn June 1957, Hurricane Audrey made landfall just east of Port Arthur in Cameron Parish, Louisiana, as a category 3 hurricane. The storm caused extensive wind damage around the city and significant storm surge flooding just east in Southwest Louisiana. Hurricane RitaOn September 24, 2005, Hurricane Rita made landfall between Sabine Pass, Texas, and Johnson Bayou, Louisiana, as a category 3 hurricane. A wind gust of {{convert|116|mph|abbr=on}} was recorded in Port Arthur. The storm caused widespread significant wind damage throughout the city, with power outages lasting several weeks in some locations. Some areas of the city also received flooding due to Rita.[35] Hurricane HumbertoOn September 13, 2007, Hurricane Humberto made landfall west of Port Arthur as a category 1 hurricane. The storm moved northeast across the Golden Triangle, causing widespread wind damage; however, most of the damage was relatively minor. An {{convert|84|mph|adj=mid|abbr=on}} wind gust was recorded at the Southeast Texas Regional Airport just northwest of the city.[36] Tropical Storm EdouardOn August 5, 2008, Tropical Storm Edouard made landfall just west of Port Arthur. The effects felt in the city were light; however, wind gusts up to {{convert|55|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} were recorded.[37] Hurricane IkeOn September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike made landfall on Galveston Island as a category 2 hurricane. Due to the storm's unusually large size, effects were widespread and were felt across much of Southeast Texas. Port Arthur sustained significant wind damage and many of the city's residents lost power. The Port Arthur seawall protected the city from the major flooding that surrounding cities experienced. Hurricane HarveyOn August 29, 2017, after Harvey made a second landfall at tropical storm status, 26 inches of rain fell in a single day at the airport near Port Arthur, triggering widespread flash flooding in the city. According to the Port Arthur mayor Derrick Freeman, 20,000 homes were flooded with up to 6 ft of water. On August 30, Freeman posted on Facebook, "Our whole city is underwater right now."[38] Notable people
See also{{Portal|Texas}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=Tropical Storm Harvey Closes America's Biggest Refinery|url=http://maritime-executive.com/article/harvey-closes-americas-biggest-refinery|accessdate=31 August 2017|publisher=Maritime Executive|date=30 August 2017}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web| url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4858820| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Port Arthur city, Texas| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=December 12, 2018}} 4. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20100820015750/http://portarthur.net/Page.cfm?id=2 Port Arthur incorporates]- Retrieved 2013-09-10 5. ^{{cite web |last=Wooster |first=Robert |title=AURORA, TX (JEFFERSON COUNTY)," Handbook of Texas Online |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hva32 |accessdate=February 21, 2011}} 6. ^Hunt, Herschiel. The History of Port Arthur. Southern Publishing Concern, 1926. 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 8. ^{{cite web | title = Average Relative Humidity - Morning (M), Afternoon (A) | work = Comparative Climatic Data for the United States Through 2012 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: U.S. Dept. of Commerce | year = 2013 | url = http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ccd-data/CCD-2012.pdf | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718012823/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ccd-data/CCD-2012.pdf | archivedate = 2014-07-18 | df = }} 9. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lch | title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = February 16, 2013}} 10. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72241.TXT| title = WMO Climate Normals for Port Arthur, TX 1961–1990| publisher =National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = December 19, 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USTX0090 | title = Monthly Averages for Southeast Texas Regional Airport, TX | publisher = The Weather Channel | accessdate = 2011-11-30}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=22 July 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 16. ^1 The Economy of Southeast Texas Home Page 17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703415804575023471968893174?mod=WSJ_WSJ_US_News_5|title=Oil Spill Hits Texas Port|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|date=24 January 2010|accessdate=24 January 2010 | first=Angel | last=Gonzalez}} 18. ^"Retirement and Looking Back to "the Way it Was" (economic tailspin)- Retrieved 2013-09-10 19. ^Sabine Hotel- Retrieved 2013-09-10 20. ^The Port Arthur News; Hotel Sabine foundation 21. ^"DWA buys Sabine Hotel", Port Arthur News, 28 August 2010, Retrieved 2013-09-10 22. ^"Port Arthur hotel could meet its doom" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223041/http://www.myfoxhouston.com/story/18193360/notable-port-arthur-hotel-could-meet-its-demise |date=2013-12-02 }}, My Fox Houston, 11 November 2011, Retrieved 2013-09-10 23. ^Sanders, Ashley. "Plant expansions to create a housing boon", The News. August 21, 2006. Retrieved on September 23, 2010. 24. ^Rappleye, Christine. "The Beaumont Enterprise - Those who recall bustling downtown Port Arthur are still around; old way of life isn't {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194315/http://www.beaumontenterprise.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18775793&BRD=2287&PAG=461&dept_id=512588&rfi=6 |date=2007-09-27 }}." The Beaumont Enterprise. September 23, 2007. Posted June 11, 2008. Retrieved on September 23, 2010. 25. ^"Port Arthur" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203213817/http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/tx/portarthur.html |date=2013-12-03 }}, Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities, Retrieved 2013-09-10 26. ^"Jefferson County, Texas Phone Director." County of Jefferson. Retrieved on August 22, 2010. 27. ^"Post Office Location - PORT ARTHUR {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210221744/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/54058?p=1&s=TX&service_name=post_office&z=Port+Arthur |date=2009-02-10 }}." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008. 28. ^"Post Office Location - PORT ACRES {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210220637/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/47614?p=1&s=TX&service_name=post_office&z=Port+Arthur |date=2009-02-10 }}." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008. 29. ^"Post Office Location - SABINE PASS {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513152425/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/sabine-pass-5424-tremont-st-sabine-pass-tx-1380208 |date=2012-05-13 }}." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on August 22, 2010. 30. ^{{cite web|author=Faye, Matt|url=https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/article/State-Champion-Memorial-Titans-get-star-treatment-12761869.php|title=State Champion Memorial Titans get star treatment at parade|publisher=Beaumont Enterprise|date=2018-03-17|accessdate=2019-02-16|quote=Memorial High School was established in 2002 after the Port Arthur school district consolidated Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson and Stephen F. Austin high schools.}} 31. ^Pastorella, Cody. "New PA Charter School provides Hope to area students." The Port Arthur News. September 20, 2010. Retrieved on September 23, 2010. 32. ^{{cite web|author=Meaux, Mary|url=https://www.panews.com/2017/02/03/bishop-byrne-alumni-planning-for-reunion/|title=Bishop Byrne alumni planning for reunion|publisher=The News Port Arthur|date=2017-02-03|accessdate=2019-02-15}} 33. ^Texas Education Code, Section 130.179, "Galveston College District Service Area {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211025734/http://law.onecle.com/texas/education/130.179.00.html |date=2009-02-11 }}". 34. ^ 35. ^Hurricane Rita Analysis {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504001309/http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/data/pdfs/Rita.pdf |date=2017-05-04 }} 36. ^[https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/hurricane-humberto-surprises-texas-and-louisiana.html Hurricane Humberto Analysis] 37. ^Port Arthur, Texas Hurricanes 38. ^{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Rebecca|title=Flash floods send Texans into 'survival mode' as Harvey hits Port Arthur with 26 inches of rain in one day|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/harvey-port-arthur-26-inches-rain-flash-floods-residents-survival-mode-2017-8|website=BusinessInsider.com|publisher=Business Insider |accessdate=30 August 2017}} 39. ^{{cite web | last = Goldstein | first = Richard | title = Lucian Adams, 80, Is Dead; Army Hero in World War II | publisher = New York Times | date = April 4, 2003 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/04/us/lucian-adams-80-is-dead-army-hero-in-world-war-ii.html}} 40. ^{{cite web | title = Jonathan Babineaux | publisher = NFL Enterprises | url = http://www.nfl.com/player/jonathanbabineaux/2506398/profile | accessdate = 1 November 2013}} 41. ^{{cite web | title = Jordan Babineaux | publisher = NFL Enterprises | url = http://www.nfl.com/player/jordanbabineaux/2505783/profile | accessdate = 1 November 2013}} 42. ^{{cite web|title=G. W. Bailey |publisher=Museum or the Gulf Coast |url=http://www.museumofthegulfcoast.org/personalities-notable-people-gw-bailey.html |accessdate=1 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103132344/http://www.museumofthegulfcoast.org/personalities-notable-people-gw-bailey.html |archivedate=2013-11-03 |df= }} 43. ^{{cite book | last = Jasinski | first = Laurie E. | title = Handbook of Texas Music | publisher = Texas State Historical Association | year = 2012 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CE8xiT3pV6QC&lpg=PA1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 44. ^{{cite web | title = Jamal Charles | publisher = NFL Enterprises | url = http://www.nfl.com/player/jamaalcharles/925/profile| accessdate = 1 November 2013}} 45. ^{{cite web | title = C.J. Chenier | publisher = Cumberland Valley School of Music | url = http://www.cvsmusic.org/2003_04/Chenierartist_bio.htm | accessdate = 1 November 2013}} 46. ^{{cite web | last = Brown | first = Cody | title = DUNBAR, THEODORE [TED] | publisher = Texas State Historical Association | url = https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fdu69 | accessdate = 1 November 2013}} 47. ^{{cite web | title = Kevin Everett | publisher = NFL Enterprises | url = http://www.nfl.com/player/kevineverett/2506425/profile |accessdate = 1 November 2013}} 48. ^{{cite web | last = Halliburton | first = Tom | title = 2006 Southland Conference Baseball Tournament | publisher = PAnews.com | date = May 26, 2006 | url = http://www.panews.com/sports/x681414996/LU-bows-to-NSU-s-Cloeren-11-1?keyword=topstory}} 49. ^{{cite web | title = Danny Gorrer | publisher = NFL Enterprises | url = http://www.nfl.com/player/dannygorrer/2507727/profile |accessdate = 1 November 2013}} 50. ^{{cite web | last = Stevenson | first = Jane | title = 'American Idol':Who Should Win | publisher = Toronto Sun | date = May 14, 2013 | url = http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/14/american-idol-who-should-win}} 51. ^{{cite web|last=Keller |first=R. |title=Lee Hazlewood |publisher=Americana and Roots Music |url=http://archives.nodepression.com/2000/03/lee-hazlewood-trouble-is-a-lonesome-towncowboy-in-swedenrequiem-for-an-almost-lady13farmisht-flatulence-origami-arf-and-me%E2%80%A6/ |accessdate=1 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203025257/http://archives.nodepression.com/2000/03/lee-hazlewood-trouble-is-a-lonesome-towncowboy-in-swedenrequiem-for-an-almost-lady13farmisht-flatulence-origami-arf-and-me%E2%80%A6/ |archivedate=2013-12-03 |df= }} 52. ^{{cite web | last = Kupper | first = Mike | title = Flamboyant Figure: Auto Racing World Will Miss Fun-Loving Driver Jim Hurtubise | publisher = Los Angeles Times | date = Jan 10, 1989 | url = http://articles.latimes.com/1989-01-10/sports/sp-186_1_jim-hurtubise}} 53. ^{{cite web | title = Jimmy Johnson | publisher = National Football Foundation | url = {{College Football HoF/url|id=2319}} | accessdate = 1 November 2013 | df = }} 54. ^{{cite web | last = Hughes | first = Richard B. | title = JOPLIN, JANIS LYN | publisher = Handbook of Texas Online | url = https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fjo69 | accessdate = 1 November 2013}} 55. ^{{cite web|title=Bobby Leopold |publisher=databaseSports.com |url=http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=LEOPOBOB01 |accessdate=1 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225406/http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=LEOPOBOB01 |archivedate=2013-12-02 |df= }} 56. ^{{cite web|last=Soeterik |first=Dick |title=Narcisse: CFLAA Former CFL Player of the Week |publisher=Canadian Football League Association |url=http://www.cflaa.ca/2013/narcisse/ |accessdate=1 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104164432/http://www.cflaa.ca/2013/narcisse/ |archivedate=2013-11-04 |df= }} 57. ^{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Roman|title=UGK Inducted Into Museum Of The Gulf Coast Music Hall Of Fame|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.22075/title.ugk-inducted-into-museum-of-the-gulf-coast-music-hall-of-fame|work=article|publisher=hiphopdx.com|accessdate=2014-02-27}} 58. ^{{cite web | title = Robert Rauschenberg | publisher = Museum or the Gulf Coast | url = http://www.museumofthegulfcoast.org/personalities-notable-people-robert-rauschenberg.html | accessdate = 1 November 2013 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203000939/http://www.museumofthegulfcoast.org/personalities-notable-people-robert-rauschenberg.html | archivedate = 3 December 2013 | df = }} 59. ^{{cite web | title = The Big Bopper |url = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Bopper | df = }} 60. ^{{cite web | title = About Ray Strother | publisher = Dole Institute of Politics | date = Fall 2008 | url = http://www.doleinstitute.org/documents/About%20Ray%20Strother.pdf | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131104120726/http://www.doleinstitute.org/documents/About%20Ray%20Strother.pdf | archivedate = 2013-11-04 | df = }} External links{{Commons category|Port Arthur, Texas}}
9 : 1899 establishments in Texas|Cities in Jefferson County, Texas|Cities in Texas|Cities in the Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area|Port Arthur, Texas|Port cities and towns in Texas|Ports of the Gulf of Mexico|Populated coastal places in Texas|Railway towns in Texas |
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