| 词条 | Crosses of Aeronautical Merit | ||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Crosses of Aeronautical Merit | image = Air Merit Grand Crosses and Crosses (Spain) - Template.svg | image_size = 180px | caption = Template of Crosses Aeronautical Merit Decorations | image2 = | caption2 = | awarded_by = Spain | type = Decoration of merit (formerly order of merit) (formerly Order of Aeronautical Merit) | eligibility = Military personnel, Guardia Civil, civilian personnel | for = | campaign = | status = Currently awarded | description = | motto = | clasps = | post-nominals = | established = 30 November 1945 | first_award = | last_award = | total = | posthumous = | recipients = | individual = | higher = Medalla Aérea | same = Crosses of Military Merit Crosses of Naval Merit | lower = Distinguished Service Award (Without Insignia) Mention in Dispatches (Without Insignia)[1] Royal and Military Order of St Hermenegild[2] | related = }} Crosses of Aeronautical Merit ({{lang-es|Cruces del Mérito Aeronáutico}}) are Spain's military award for gallantry or merit in the air. The award can be made in war or at times of peace. It is awarded to members of the Spanish Armed Forces, Guardia Civil or civilians. History and attributionEstablished on 30 November 1945 by chief of state Francisco Franco as the Order of Aeronautical Merit ({{lang-es|Orden del Mérito Aeronáutico}}) and amended in 1976, 1995, 2003 and 2007. Awarded originally in three classes and a cross in silver for non-commissioned ranks, in 1995 it lost the rank of an order of merit and reduced to two and the number of categories extended to four. According to the current regulations the decoration is conferred in the following classes:
The categories are as follows:
Multiple awards of each class and each category to the same individual are possible. Insignia and ribbonsThe decoration has the form of a Greek cross with the arms enameled red in the Red Decoration category and white in the remaining categories. The Blue Decoration and Yellow Decoration badges have an additional narrow bar in blue or yellow across the lower arm. The upper arm is surmounted by a Spanish royal crown and has a tablet to engrave the date of bestowal. The round central shield of the obverse bears the coat of arms of Castile, León, Aragon, Navarre and Granada (until 2003 only alternate coats of arms of Castile and León); in the middle there is a blue oval shield (escutcheon) of the House of Bourbon-Anjou. The central shield has gold wings extended to the lateral arms of the cross and is surmounted by a royal crown. On the reverse there are letters "MA" (Mérito Aeronáutico) on red background. The cross is worn on a ribbon on the left side of chest. Each subsequent award is denoted by a bar with the date of bestowal on the ribbon. The Grand Cross has the same form as the cross described above but is worn on a sash over the right shoulder. The star added to the class of Grand Cross is gilt, eight-pointed, with the cross superimposed on it; currently between the arms of the cross there are alternate towers (Castile) and lions (León).
See also
References
1. ^Royal Decree 1040/2003, 1 August, Military Rewards Regulations. BOE (03/09/05) {{es icon}}. Accessed December 25, 2012. 2. ^Defence Ministry Order /3594/2003, of December 10, by that approved rules for ordinary processing and concession of the Crosses of the Military, Naval and Aeronautical Merit, with white badge, and of the honorific mentions, the delegation of competitions in this matter, and use of representative decorations of rewards.. BOE (03/12/23). {{es icon}} Accessed December 25, 2012. External links
3 : Military awards and decorations of Spain|Awards established in 1945|1945 establishments in Spain |
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