“Possessed (band)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

After breaking up in 1987, and briefly reforming from 1990 to 1993, the band reformed under original bassist and vocalist Jeff Becerra in 2007. To date, the band has released two studio albums, one live album, two compilation albums and two EPs, with a third album, Revelations of Oblivion, set for release in 2019.^[2]

History

Formation (1983)

The band originated in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1983, when San Pablo and El Sobrante residents Mike Torrao (guitar) and Mike Sus (drums) started a garage band with vocalist Barry Fisk and bassist Jeff Andrews under the name Possessed. While the quartet had written some music together, the line-up would be cut short when Fisk committed suicide by gunshot in front of his girlfriend's house in Tara Hills, San Pablo, CA, and Andrews subsequently opted not to participate in the group any longer.

At about the same time, a band called Blizzard had formed in the neighboring city of Pinole. This band had Jeff Becerra on vocals, Larry LaLonde and Danny Boland on guitars and Michael Miner on drums, all of whom were high school students in the same graduating class. Blizzard was influenced by the early work of Metallica and Exodus, both of whom were gaining a stronghold in the local heavy metal scene and amassing a following abroad. Becerra would leave Blizzard and replace Possessed's Andrews (who had played on Exodus' 1982 Demo) on bass, and also took over vocal duties;^[3] Brian Montana was recruited on guitar, and the second incarnation of Possessed was created.

Rise (1983–1987)

Possessed spent 1983{{endash}}1984 practicing and working on their sound by performing at local venues and eventually releasing the 3-song demo, "Death Metal". After live shows with Metallica and Exodus, the latter group brought the band's demo recording to the attention of Brian Slagel, head of Metal Blade Records.^[4]^[5] Slagel showed interest in the band and offered to put one of their songs on an upcoming compilation, Metal Massacre 6. The track included was titled "Swing of the Axe." Following the release of the compilation, guitarist Brian Montana left the band due to creative differences and was replaced by Blizzard guitarist Larry Lalonde. Although Metal Blade did not offer to sign the band, the compilation drew the attention of Combat Records. Possessed signed with the label and released the album Seven Churches in 1985,^[4]^[6] with Roadrunner Records handling European distribution. Mechanics Bank heiress Debbie Abono (nee Downer), mother of LaLonde's then-girlfriend, Julie, would manage the band.

In November of the same year, the band flew to Montreal, Quebec, Canada, for the WWIII Weekend Festival in support of the Seven Churches release, playing alongside Celtic Frost, Destruction, Voivod and Nasty Savage; the concert was Possessed's first and largest arena appearance, with nearly 7,000 in attendance.^[7]

Possessed followed the release with a supporting tour which included a performance with Slayer and Venom at San Francisco's Kabuki in 1986.^[8] On Halloween, 1986, Possessed released their second album, Beyond the Gates. The following May, the band issued a five-song EP titled The Eyes of Horror which marked a change in direction for the band. The Satanic themes they had become noted for were almost completely absent, and the songs had more of a thrash metal style than their earlier death metal. The EP was produced by guitarist Joe Satriani, and Storm in My Mind was written by Lalonde, the rest by Torrao who had written most of the band's earlier material too with Becerra writing all but three songs of the lyrics.

Disbandings, reformations and new-line-ups (1987–2011)

Shortly after the release of the Eyes of Horror EP, the band disbanded. In 1989, Jeff Becerra was paralyzed from the chest down following a shooting in a robbery.^[9]^[10]

In 2007, it was announced Jeff Becerra would be performing under the "Possessed" name at the Wacken Open Air festival and would be backed by all members of Sadistic Intent, one of the bands featured on the Possessed tribute, and would also headline the Gathering of the Bestial Legions III festival in Los Angeles. This same lineup also performed at Maryland Deathfest VIII in May 2010. After a U.S. tour with Danzig and Marduk, Rick and Bay Cortez along with Ernesto Bueno left the band.

Revelations of Oblivion (2012–present)

By late 2012, Possessed had begun writing new material for their first full-length studio album since 1986's Beyond the Gates.^[11] They have aired several new songs live in recent years, which are expected to be featured on the new album.

On May 11, 2017, it was announced that the band had signed to Nuclear Blast Records.^[12] The new album was initially set for release in 2018, but was not released. On March 15, 2019, the new album title was revealed as Revelations of Oblivion, and will be released on 10 May 2019, which will be their first album in 33 years.^[13]

Influences

At least three Possessed members who had written and recorded with the band at some point (vocalist/bassist Becerra, guitarist Torrao and guitarist Montana) cite early Exodus and Venom as their main influences, in addition to NWOBHM acts like Motörhead, Iron Maiden, and Judas Priest.^[14]^[15]

Although Allmusic attributed Slayer as being a musical influence for 1985's Seven Churches,^[16] the first Slayer album Show No Mercy had not been released until December 1983, shortly after members of Possessed were already writing material for their demo and debut album. Lyrically, most of Possessed's songs focused on Satanism and death.

Legacy

Possessed are often cited as the first death metal band, largely because of the early use of grunted vocals, ultra-fast drumming and guitar tremolo picking as previously noted. In the 2004 book, "The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore", Jeff Becerra staked claim to creating the "death metal" nomenclature in 1983.^[17] The band's efforts on Seven Churches have been called an influence by groups like Death, Pestilence, Sepultura, Deicide, Morbid Angel, Cannibal Corpse, Sinister, Vader, God Dethroned and Amon Amarth, the latter five bands having appeared on a 2004 Possessed tribute album.^[18]^[19]^[20] Possessed's "The Exorcist" had been covered earlier by Cannibal Corpse on the 1993 Hammer Smashed Face EP.

Even while the band had played only a handful of gigs in the Bay Area, they earned a huge capital of popularity in Europe's metal scene.^[21] Members of Napalm Death were influenced by Possessed and credit the band for their musical shift from grindcore to a more death metal direction after Scum.^[22] In addition to their impression on overseas death metal, the group would also inspire black metal acts like Germany's Falkenbach,^[23] Greece's Rotting Christ,^[24] Switzerland's Samael^[25] and Norway's Dimmu Borgir.^[26]

Chuck Schuldiner, who had relocated his band Death to the Bay Area to write Scream Bloody Gore with Chris Reifert, in tandem with Possessed's rise, told magazine Metal Maniacs:

In the book Choosing Death, Mantas/Death drummer Kam Lee called Possessed the first death metal band, and added:

Author Daniel Ekeroth expanded on Lee's assessment of the 1984 Death Metal demo in his book, Swedish Death Metal:

Possessed's association with Debbie Abono would be a "first" for both sides: Abono would be the band's first manager, and Possessed were Abono's first managed signed band. A grandmother in her mid-fifties at that time,^[30]^[31] Abono had no previous connection to heavy metal music other than as a concert designated driver for her daughters, one of whom was a girlfriend of guitarist Larry LaLonde.^[31] Due to generation gap, Abono also had limited awareness of the sometimes blasphemous themes of heavy metal, and was allegedly offended upon reading the lyric sheet of Seven Churches.^[21] Nevertheless, she agreed to manage and represent Possessed as long as Becerra and LaLonde finished high school commitments.^[21] Although the group's relationship amongst themselves and their first manager would reach points of discord and eventual termination, Abono would go on to manage additional bands in the Bay Area metal scene like Exodus, Vio-Lence and Forbidden Evil, as well as death metal bands like Chicago's Broken Hope and Florida's Cynic and Obituary.^[32]While Possessed's first album, Seven Churches, was praised for its speed and the brutality of the vocals, the second album, Beyond the Gates, disappointed both fans and critics alike. Released on Halloween of 1986, the album wasn't as powerful and as influential as its predecessor, and the band's popularity suffered because of it.^[33]^[34] Because of Possessed's earlier material being more popular than their later work, they are most often remembered for their first album, Seven Churches.

Original line-up today

Vocalist/bassist Jeff Becerra continues to play a role in the death, black, and thrash metal scenes. He received a degree in labor studies and plans to pursue a law degree. He revamped the band in 2007.

In 1993, drummer Mike Sus retired from music to pursue other careers, going on to get a degree in psychology and is helping injured people to live a normal everyday life. He is also a drug addiction counselor.^[35]

Guitarist Larry LaLonde joined the Bay Area thrash metal band Blind Illusion which released The Sane Asylum in 1988, after which Lalonde with Blind Illusion bassist Les Claypool went on to form the influential funk metal band Primus in 1989.^[4]^[36]

In 1995, guitarist Mike Torrao joined a new death metal band, Infanticide, but never released any songs to the public. Infanticide broke up in 1997. He has since worked as a landscaper and plays music only in his spare time. As of 2008, Mike Torrao is working with the band INaCAGE^[37] in the San Francisco Bay Area.^[35]

Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilation albums

Extended plays

Music videos

Line-up

Timeline

References

1. ^[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p5171|pure_url=yes}} Possessed band page, Eduardo Rivadavia, Allmusic]: "The brutal Seven Churches was arguably the first true death metal album and set the stage for the genre's breakaway from thrash."
2. ^[https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2019/03/15/possessed-to-release-revelations-of-oblivion-on-may-10/ Possessed to Release “Revelations of Oblivion” on May 10, Stream First Song] Decibel. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
3. ^MusicMight :: Artists :: POSSESSED ))) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104070326/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/san+francisco/possessed |date=2013-11-04 }}
4. ^¹²Possessed Bio @ The Gauntlet
5. ^Possessed: Biography, Discography {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615091134/http://www.ugo.com/channels/music/features/bandsondemand/artist.aspx?artist=Possessed&cat=Metal&full=Possessed |date=2011-06-15 }}
6. ^[https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/sunsetstrip/alley/1409/possessed/phist.htm&date=2009-10-25+22:29:57 Twisted Minds, Possessed history]
7. ^{{cite book | last = Christe | first = Ian | title = Sound of the beast: the complete headbanging history of heavy metal (page 142) | publisher = It Books | date = February 17, 2004 | isbn = 0-380-81127-8}}
8. ^Metal-Rules.com - Possessed: Where Are They Now?
9. ^Frank Stöver interviews Jeff Becerra
10. ^POSSESSED's JEFF BECERRA Gives Revealing Interview, Blabbermouth.net, July 22, 2008
11. ^Possessed Working On New Music; 'Barge To Hell' Performance Footage Posted Online
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/possessed-signs-with-nuclear-blast/|title=POSSESSED Signs With NUCLEAR BLAST|publisher=Blabbermouth.net|date=May 11, 2017|accessdate=May 12, 2017}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=POSSESSED To Release Revelations Of Oblivion Album In May; Artwork, "No More Room In Hell" Visualizer Streaming|url=http://bravewords.com/news/possessed-to-release-revelations-of-oblivion-album-in-may-artwork-no-more-room-in-hell-visualizer-streaming|publisher=Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles|accessdate=March 15, 2019|date=March 15, 2019}}
14. ^POSSESSED interview - Jeff Becerra
15. ^POSSESSED interview - Brian Montana
16. ^[{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r15558|pure_url=yes}} allmusic(((Seven Churches > Overview)))]
17. ^{{cite book | last = John Peel, | first = Albert Mudrian | title = Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore | publisher = Feral House | year = 2004 | isbn = 1-932595-04-X}}
18. ^KARMA006 - Various - Seven Gates of Horror
19. ^PESTILENCE interview - Martin Van Drunen
20. ^PESTILENCE interview - Patrick Mameli
21. ^¹²{{cite book | last = Konow | first = David | title = Bang Your Head: The Rise and Fall of Heavy Metal (page 234) | publisher = Three Rivers Press | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-609-80732-3}}
22. ^{{cite book | last = Mudrian | first = Albert | title = Precious Metal: Decibel Presents the Stories Behind 25 Extreme Metal Masterpieces (page 59) | publisher = Da Capo Press | date = July 14, 2009 | isbn = 0-306-81806-X}}
23. ^FALKENBACH interview - Vratyas Vakyas
24. ^ROTTING CHRIST interview - Sakis Tolis
25. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20090228200400/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=114846 SAMAEL interview - Michael Locher (Vorph)]
26. ^{{cite book | last = McIver | first = Joel | title = Justice For All: The Truth About Metallica (Silenoz: "The bands that had an immense impact on me were....Possessed...") | publisher=Omnibus Press | year = 2004 | isbn = 1-84772-797-2}}
27. ^{{cite book | last = Ian Christe | first = | title = The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal (page 115) | publisher = Harper Paperbacks | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-380-81127-8}}
28. ^{{cite book | last = John Peel | first = Albert Mudrian | title = Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore (page 70) | publisher = Feral House | year = 2004 | isbn = 1-932595-04-X}}
29. ^{{cite book | last = Ekeroth | first = Daniel | title = Swedish Death Metal (page 12) | publisher = Bazillion Points | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-9796163-1-0}}
30. ^{{cite book | last = Konow | first = David | title = Bang Your Head: The Rise and Fall of Heavy Metal (page 233) | publisher = Three Rivers Press | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-609-80732-3}}
31. ^¹{{cite book | last = Ian Christe | first = | title = The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal (page 113) | publisher = Harper Paperbacks | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-380-81127-8}}
32. ^OBITUARY interview - John Tardy
33. ^[{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r15555|pure_url=yes}} Eduardo Rivadavia, Review of Possessed, Beyond the Gates, Allmusic]: "[The album] wound up coming as a disappointment to most critics and fans alike . . . transforming a sound previously distinguished for its inexorable power into a ragged, decidedly weaker-kneed replacement."
34. ^[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p5171|pure_url=yes}} Eduardo Rivadavia, Possessed band page, Allmusic]: "Their second effort, Beyond the Gates, was released, fittingly enough, on Halloween 1986, but didn't have the same impact as its predecessor."
35. ^¹Possessed - Where Are They Now?, on Metal Rules July 2001
36. ^[https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/sunsetstrip/alley/1409/possessed/pwhere.htm&date=2009-10-25+22:30:00 Twisted Minds, Possessed - Where Are They Now?]
37. ^The official INaCAGE website