| 词条 | Cyanea procera |
| 释义 |
|image = |status = CR |status_system = IUCN2.3 |status_ref = [1] |genus = Cyanea |species = procera |authority = Hillebr.[2] }}Cyanea procera is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name Molokai cyanea. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Moloka{{okina}}i.[1] It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.[3] This plant has been reduced to very low numbers. At one time it was thought to be extinct.[1] By 1992 there were four plants known.[4] By 2005 there was only a single plant of this species existing in the wild.[4] Plant propagation efforts have not been successful.[4] This Hawaiian lobelioid is a tree which looks superficially like a palm. It is known from montane wet forests on Moloka{{okina}}i, a habitat with a dense, closed canopy and a shady understory.[4] Associated plants include Asplenium spp., pilo (Coprosma ochracea), māmaki (Pipturus albidus), olonā (Touchardia latifolia), Sadleria spp., ōpuhe (Urera glabra), Cheirodendron spp., Cibotium spp., Machaerina spp., pua kala (Cyanea sonenocalyx), ōhā wai nui (Clermontia arborescens), Cyrtandra spp., and Diplazium species.[5] The habitat is threatened with degradation and destruction by a number of forces, especially feral pigs and goats. Plants are damaged by slugs, snails, rats, and birds. They face competition from exotic plant species such as castor bean (Ricinus communis) and banana (Musa spp.).[4] References1. ^1 2 World Conservation Monitoring Centre. (1998). Cyanea procera. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2010. www.iucnredlist.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627000000/http://www.iucnredlist.org/ |date=June 27, 2014 }}. Retrieved on 27 February 2011. 2. ^{{GRIN | accessdate=2011-03-01}} 3. ^USFWS Species Profile: Listed Plants 4. ^1 2 3 4 USFWS. Cyanea procera Five-year Review. January 2008. 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dofaw/cwcs/files/Flora%20fact%20sheets/Cya_proc%20plant%20NTBG_s.pdf |title=Haha Cyanea procera |work=Hawaii's Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy |publisher=Division of Forestry and Wildlife |accessdate=2011-03-01}} External links
4 : Cyanea (plant)|Endemic flora of Hawaii|Biota of Molokai|Plants described in 1888 |
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