| 词条 | Cyanoacetic acid |
| 释义 |
| ImageFile = Cyanoacetic acid.svg | OtherNames = | IUPACName = 2-cyanoacetic acid | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | PubChem = 9740 | CASNo = 372-09-8 | ChemSpiderID = 9357 | SMILES = C(C#N)C(=O)O | InChI = 1/C3H3NO2/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h1H2,(H,5,6) | InChIKey = MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYAD | StdInChI = 1S/C3H3NO2/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h1H2,(H,5,6) | StdInChIKey = MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N}} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = C3H3NO2 | MolarMass =85.06 g/mol | Appearance = colorless solid | Density = 1.287 g/cm3 | MeltingPt = 69-70 ℃ | BoilingPt = 108 ℃ (15 mm Hg) | Solubility = 1000 g/L (20 ℃) in water}} | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = C:Corrosive; HazardClass:8 | FlashPtC = 107 }} | Section8 = {{Chembox Related | OtherFunction = Ethyl cyanoacetate Cyanoacetamide | OtherFunction_label = | OtherCompounds = }} }}Cyanoacetic acid is an organic compound. It is a white, hygroscopic solid. The compound contains two functional groups, a nitrile NC and a carboxylic acid. It is a precursor to cyanoacrylates, components of adhesives.[1] Preparation and reactionsCyanoacetic acid is prepared by treatment of chloroacetate salts with sodium cyanide followed by acidification.[1][2] Electrosynthesis by cathodic reduction of carbon dioxide and anodic oxidation of acetonitrile also affords cyanoacetic acid.[3] Cyanoacetic acid is used to do cyanoacetylation, first convenient method described by J. Slätt.[4] It is about 1000x more acidic than acetic acid, with a pKa of 2.5. Upon heating at 160 °C, it undergoes decarboxylation to give acetonitrile: C3H3NO2 → C2H3N + CO2 ApplicationsThe largest scale reaction is its esterification to give the corresponding ester ethyl cyanoacetate, which is then transformed to ethyl cyanoacrylate used as superglue, via reaction with formaldehyde. As of 2007, more than 10,000 tons of cyanoacetic acid were produced annually. Cyanoacetic acid is a versatile intermediate in the preparation of chemicals. it is a precursor to synthetic caffeine via the intermediacy of theophylline. It is a building block for many drugs, including dextromethorphan, amiloride, sulfadimethoxine, and allopurinol,[1] and also for Peldesine. SafetyThe LD50 (oral, rats) is 1.5 g/kg.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 Harald Strittmatter, Stefan Hildbrand and Peter Pollak Malonic Acid and Derivatives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI| 10.1002/14356007.a16_063.pub2}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Inglis|first1=J. K. H.|title=Ethyl Cyanoacetate|journal=Organic Syntheses|date=1928|volume=8|page=74|doi=10.15227/orgsyn.008.0074}} 3. ^{{cite journal| last1=Barba|first1=Fructuoso|last2=Batanero|first2=Belen|title=Paired Electrosynthesis of Cyanoacetic Acid|journal=The Journal of Organic Chemistry|date=2004|volume=69|issue=7|pages=2423–2426|doi=10.1021/jo0358473|pmid=15049640}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Bergman|first1=Jan|last2=Romero|first2=Ivan|last3=Slätt|first3=Johnny|title=Cyanoacetylation of indoles, pyrroles and aromatic amines with the combination cyanoacetic acid and acetic anhydride|journal=Synthesis|date=2004|volume=16 |issue=16|pages=2760–2765|url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92000|doi=10.1055/s-2004-831164}} 2 : Nitriles|Carboxylic acids |
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