| 词条 | Cyclone Dagmar |
| 释义 |
|name = Cyclone Dagmar |image location =Storm Dagmar IR 26 December 2011.png |image name =Storm Dagmar over Scandinavia 26 December 2011 |alt = |stormtype = European windstorm, Extratropical cyclone |date formed = 24 December 2011 |date dissipated = 27 December 2011 |maximum amount = |pressure = |lowest temperature = |total damages (USD) = $45 million (2011 USD) |total fatalities = 2[1][2] |areas affected = Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Russia }}Cyclone Dagmar[1] (also referred to as Cyclone Tapani in Finland[2]) and as Cyclone Patrick by the Free University of Berlin) was a powerful European windstorm which swept over Norway on Christmas Day 2011, causing severe damage in central coastal areas, before continuing over the Scandinavian peninsula towards the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland. The storm caused $45 million (2011 USD) in damage.[3] Meteorological historyPatrick formed as a weak low just south of Newfoundland on 24 December.[4] The system moved across the north Atlantic, deepening rapidly to {{convert|971|mb|inHg|abbr=on}} by Christmas Day.[5][6] On 26 December, Patrick made landfall in western Norway with a central pressure of {{convert|964|mb|inHg|abbr=on}}.[7][8] The storm continued to move eastwards at a rapid pace, however, as it was overland it had weakened significantly.[9] It hit Finland the same day, St. Stephen's Day (Tapani in Finnish), and got the Finnish name due to that day. It then moved out of the Free University of Berlin's tracking charts the next day.[10] ImpactNorwayPatrick (Dagmar) arrived in Norway as a southwesterly storm, with windspeeds estimated to be 30 m/s on the coast. Powerful winds occurred in Sogn og Fjordane, Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag during the night of 24 December and early morning of 25 December. Extreme high storm surge in Finnmark estimated to be 50–80 cm over normal sea levels, although this was due to the preceding storm Cato (Oliver). In Norway comparison was made with the New Year's Day Storm of 1992, however this storm was not as strong[11] Patrick (Dagmar) is believed to be the third strongest storm to hit Norway in 50 years.[12][13][14] A large landslide on 1 January 2012 close to the Norwegian city of Trondheim has been attributed to the warm weather and large amounts of rain the system brought to the area, which resulted in 50 people being evacuated.[15][16][17] The pier area of Trondheim was badly damaged during the storm, heavily damaging the façade of the Pirbadet water park.[18] A F2 tornado was reported in Hellesylt, Norway. The Tanker BW Thames was disabled and adrift northwest of Bergen as the storm approached, however the crew were able to regain power and survived the storm without incident.[19] The Russian trawler Krasnoselsk sank in Hundeidvika harbour, Sykkylven, Norway.[20][21] Dagmar knocked out 390 Telenor communication masts leaving 40,000 customers without mobile or landline telephone connections.[22] Royal Dutch Shell's Ormen Lange gas processing plant was inoperable after its electricity was cut off by the storm, which left gas supplies in the UK vulnerable as this facility can supply up to 20 percent of the UK's supply via the Langeled pipeline.[23] SwedenStorm Dagmar mostly affected Southern Norrland and northern Svealand.[24] The Swedish transport authority suspended all train traffic north of Gävle at 8pm on Christmas Day in preparation.[25] Many trees fell in the storm, bringing down power lines and blocking roads and railways. Approximately 170,000 households were left without power between Uppland and Västerbotten, some for several days. Train traffic came to a standstill in Norrland, however the principal north-south route of the country (European route E4) was quickly cleared.[24] Several weather stations in the Norrland interior experienced their strongest wind gusts in 15 years.[24] Winds of {{convert|41|m/s|mph|}} were recorded on the pylons of the Höga Kusten Bridge.[26] 1.2 million Swedish Kronor of damage was caused in Ljusdal when sixteen rail wagons weighing 313 tons were blown along the railway for 500 metres until they derailed on a road intersection.[27] Some 40,000 homes were still without power around 2pm on December 27.[28] FinlandPatrick (Tapani) was dubbed the worst storm in Finland in 10 years.[29] Thousands of customers were left without electricity in Southern Finland.[30] The storm was a rare event in Finland and gave the warmest Christmas period in half a century.[31] An old man is reported to have died after being hit by a falling tree.[32][33] EstoniaPatrick left 100,000 homes without power in Estonia, and triggered 600 rescue operations. Eesti Energia reassigned its customer services personnel to answer emergency calls.[34] Patrick also brought record high temperatures to the country for December.[35][36] Flooding was reported in the streets of major cities.[32][37] RussiaThe Saint Petersburg Dam gates were closed to protect the city, preventing 15 ships from entering the port.[32] The storm tore metal sheeting from roofs and many trees were brought down.[38] Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant was also affected, as algae and mud stirred up by the storm were sucked into the cooling system, resulting in one of the generators being shut down.[39][40] AftermathDeutsche Bank estimated that the price of wood could fall by up to 15%.[41] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Norske ekstremvær får navn|url=http://met.no/Meteorologi/A_varsle_varet/Varsling_av_farlig_var/Norske_ekstremvar_far_navn/Norske+ekstremvær+får+navn.9UFRjO2L.ips|publisher=Norwegian Meteorological Institute|accessdate=4 January 2012|language=Norwegian}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=På annandag jul drar årets värsta storm över landet|url=http://hbl.fi/nyheter/2011-12-25/pa-annandagen-kommer-stormen-0|publisher=hbl.fi|accessdate=30 January 2012|language=Swedish}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Claims from Windstorm Dagmar in Scandinavia to break $46m|url=http://www.insuranceinsight.eu/insurance-insight/news/2134801/claims-windstorm-dagmar-scandinavia-break-usd46m|accessdate=11 January 2012|newspaper=Insurance Insight|date=3 January 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=December 24, 2011 surface analysis|url=http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20111224.gif|work=Meteorological Institute|publisher=Free University of Berlin|accessdate=7 February 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=December 25, 2011 surface analysis|url=http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20111225.gif|work=Meteorological Institute|publisher=Free University of Berlin|accessdate=7 February 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=December 25, 2011 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2011/brack/bracka20111225.gif|work=Met Office|accessdate=7 February 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=December 26, 2011 surface analysis|url=http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20111226.gif|work=Meteorological Institute|publisher=Free University of Berlin|accessdate=7 February 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=December 26, 2011 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2011/brack/bracka20111226.gif|work=Met Office|accessdate=7 February 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=December 27, 2011 surface analysis|url=http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20111227.gif|work=Meteorological Institute|publisher=Free University of Berlin|accessdate=7 February 2012}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=December 28, 2011 surface analysis|url=http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20111228.gif|work=Meteorological Institute|publisher=Free University of Berlin|accessdate=7 February 2012}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Sterk orkan- men kraftigare i 1992|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/distrikt/nrk_sogn_og_fjordane/1.7930298|accessdate=4 January 2012|language=Norwegian}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Dagmar could be third worst Norwegian storm of last 50 years|url=http://www.insuranceinsider.com/dagmar-could-be-third-worst-norwegian-storm-of-last-50-years|publisher=insuranceinsider.com|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Record recent storms in Norway cut off several villages and left over 100,000 without electricity.|url=http://theforeigner.no/pages/news/norway-storms-isolate-thousands/|publisher=theforeigner.no|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Norway storms isolate thousands|url=http://theforeigner.no/pages/news/norway-storms-isolate-thousands/|publisher=theforeigner.no|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Evacuees returning after massive landslide|url=http://www.thelocal.no/page/view/evacuees-return-after-massive-landslide|publisher=thelocal.no|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Norway: Landslide Forces More Evacuations|url=http://www.sott.net/articles/show/239739-Norway-Landslide-Forces-More-Evacuations|publisher=sott.net|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Residents on alert following Norway landslides|url=http://icelandpulse.com/icenews/6834-residents-on-alert-following-norway-landslides|publisher=icelandpulse.com|accessdate=9 February 2012}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Dagmars herjinger|url=http://www.tih.no/nyhet/dagmars-herjinger-780.aspx|publisher=Trondheim Havn|accessdate=20 March 2012|language=Norwegian}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Product tanker BW Thames nearly fell a victim to raging Dagmar storm|url=http://www.odin.tc/news/read.asp?articleID=360|publisher=Maritime Bulletin|accessdate=29 February 2012}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Dagmar sank Russian trawler|url=http://www.odin.tc/news/read.asp?articleID=361|publisher=Maritime Bulletin|accessdate=29 February 2012}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Krasnoselsk|url=http://www.shipwrecklog.com/log/2011/12/krasnoselsk/|publisher=shipwrecklog.com|accessdate=29 February 2012}} 22. ^1 {{cite web|title=Patient died in Norway storm|url=http://theforeigner.no/pages/news/patient-died-in-norway-storm/|publisher=theforeigner.no|accessdate=29 February 2012}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=UK gas supplies choppy after North Sea storm|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/27/markets-britain-gas-power-idUSL6E7NR0YE20111227|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=17 May 2012}} 24. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=December 2011 – Var händelserik med värme, åska och stormar|url=http://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/Manadens-vader-och-vatten/Sverige/Manadens-vader-i-Sverige/december-2011-var-handelserik-med-varme-aska-och-stormar-1.19067|publisher=SMHI|accessdate=20 March 2012|language=Swedish}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Christmas storm causes problems for thousands|url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=4876714|publisher=sr.se|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 26. ^{{cite web|title=Stormen orsakar stora problem på många håll|url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=4876355|publisher=Sveriges Radio|accessdate=20 March 2012|language=Swedish}} 27. ^{{cite web|title=Säkringen höll inte för Dagmar|url=http://helahalsingland.se/ljusdal/1.4391578-sakringen-holl-inte-for-dagmar|publisher=Ljusdals-Posten|accessdate=29 February 2012|language=Swedish}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=Sweden struggles with wrath of storm Dagmar|url=http://www.thelocal.se/38162/20111227/|publisher=thelocal.se|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 29. ^{{cite web|title=Värsta stormen på tio år|url=http://hbl.fi/nyheter/2011-12-26/stormskadorna-racker-lange-att-atgarda|publisher=HBL.fi|accessdate=4 January 2012|language=Swedish}} 30. ^{{cite web|title=Stormen drar över Nyland|url=http://hbl.fi/nyheter/2011-12-26/stormen-drar-over-vastkusten-tiotusentals-hushall-utan-el|publisher=HBL.fi|accessdate=4 January 2012|language=Swedish}} 31. ^{{cite web|title=Storm on St Stephen's Day was rare|url=http://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/press-release/462710|publisher=Finnish Meteorological Institute|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 32. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Cyclone Patrick hits St. Petersburg|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/27/62956176.html|publisher=ruvr.ru|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=Nordisk orkan koster liv i Finland|url=http://jp.dk/udland/europa/article2647116.ece|publisher=jp.dk|accessdate=14 February 2012|language=Danish}} 34. ^{{cite web|title=Storm puts Estonian emergency capacity on the brink|url=http://balticbusinessnews.com/article/2011/12/28/storm-puts-estonian-emergency-capacity-on-the-brink|publisher=balticbusinessnews.com|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 35. ^{{cite web|title=Patrick Brings Record High Temperatures, Downed Power Lines|url=http://news.err.ee/environment/ef06aa23-14e0-44c2-99d8-d9b5562ee945|publisher=err.ee|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 36. ^{{cite web|title=December 27 Temperature Exceeds Record by Half|url=http://news.err.ee/Environment/f74e221c-3942-4a56-801f-eb0e855b771b|publisher=err.ee|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 37. ^{{cite web|title=Eesti Energia: storm in December caused more damages than last year's Monika|url=http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/energy/?doc=50931|publisher=baltic-course.com|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 38. ^{{cite web|title=Elements go wild in St. Petersburg|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/28/63060060.html|publisher=ruvr.ru|accessdate=4 January 2012}} 39. ^{{cite web|title=Myrsky sulki generaattorin venäläisvoimalassa|url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/teemat/talvimyrsky/2011/12/myrsky_sulki_generaattorin_venalaisvoimalassa_3133775.html|publisher=yle.fi|accessdate=14 February 2012|language=Finnish}} 40. ^{{cite web|title=Generator stängd vid Sosnovij Bor|url=http://hbl.fi/nyheter/2011-12-28/generator-stangd-vid-sosnovij-bor|publisher=hbl.fi|accessdate=14 February 2012|language=Swedish}} 41. ^{{cite web|title=Stormen Dagmar guld för skogsbolag|url=http://www.affarsvarlden.se/hem/nyheter/article3377873.ece|publisher=affarsvarlden.se|accessdate=29 February 2012|language=Swedish}} External links{{Commons category|Storm Dagmar 2011}}
6 : European windstorms|2011 meteorology|2011 in Finland|2011 in Norway|2011 in Sweden|December 2011 events in Europe |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。