| 词条 | Cygnus Orb-D1 | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Cygnus Orb-D1 | image = Cygnus Orb-D1.1.jpg | image_caption = Cygnus Orb-D1 spacecraft, photographed from ISS | insignia = Orb-D1 mission emblem.png | mission_type = Technology demonstration ISS resupply | operator = Orbital Sciences | COSPAR_ID = 2013-051A | SATCAT = 39258 | mission_duration = {{time interval|18 September 2013 14:58:02|23 October 2013 18:16|show=dhm|sep=,}} | spacecraft = Cygnus 1 | spacecraft_type = Standard Cygnus[1] | manufacturer = Orbital Sciences Thales Alenia Space | payload_mass = {{convert|1543|lb|kg|order=flip|abbr=on}}[2] | launch_date = {{start-date|18 September 2013, 14:58:02.2}} UTC[2] | launch_rocket = Antares 110[1] | launch_site = MARS LP-0A | launch_contractor = Orbital Sciences | disposal_type = Deorbited | decay_date = {{end-date|23 October 2013, 18:16}} UTC | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Low Earth | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|419|km|mi|abbr=on}}[5] | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|426|km|mi|abbr=on}}[5] | orbit_inclination = 51.65 degrees[5] | orbit_period = 92.90 minutes[5] | orbit_epoch = 30 September 2013, 11:55:32 UTC[3] | apsis = gee | docking = | docking_target = International Space Station | docking_type = berth | docking_port = Harmony nadir | capture_date = 29 September 2013, 11:00 UTC | docking_date = 29 September 2013, 12:44 UTC | undocking_date = 22 October 2013, 10:04 UTC | release_date = 22 October 2013, 11:31 UTC | time_docked = 22 days, 21 hours, 20 minutes | programme = Commercial Resupply Services | next_mission = Cygnus CRS Orb-1 }} Cygnus Orb-D1, also known as Cygnus 1 and Orbital Sciences COTS Demo Flight,[4][11] was the first flight of the Cygnus unmanned resupply spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It was named after the late NASA astronaut and Orbital Sciences executive G. David Low. The flight was carried out by Orbital Sciences under contract to NASA as Cygnus' demonstration mission in the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program. The mission launched on September 18th, 2013 at 10:58 AM. Cygnus was the seventh type of spacecraft to visit the ISS, after the manned Soyuz and Space Shuttle, and unmanned Progress, ATV, HTV and Dragon. Spacecraft{{main|Cygnus (spacecraft)}}The Orb-D1 mission was the first flight of the Cygnus spacecraft and used the standard configuration with a Pressurized Cargo Module.[5] Orbital named this mission's Cygnus spacecraft the G. David Low after the former NASA astronaut and Orbital employee who died of cancer on 15 March 2008.[6][7] During a media briefing for the CRS Orb-1 mission, Orbital Sciences executive vice president Frank Culbertson stated, "We were very proud to name that {{interp|Cygnus}} the G. David Low."[8] Launch and early operationsCygnus Orb-D1 was launched by an Antares 110 rocket flying from Pad 0A at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport. The launch took place at 14:58:02.2 UTC on 18 September 2013,[2] and successfully inserted the Cygnus into low Earth orbit. The launch marked the second flight of the Antares rocket and the final flight of the interim Antares 110 configuration.[9] ISS rendezvousRendezvous with the ISS was originally scheduled for the fourth day of the mission. However, the rendezvous was postponed due to a computer data link problem.[10] The exact error related to small discrepancies between the way the ISS and Cygnus each use GPS for timekeeping purposes.[11] A further delay was necessary to allow for the arrival of Soyuz TMA-10M with three new ISS crew members.[12] A week late, the spacecraft conducted a series of navigation, control and safety tests as it approached the station. Following the successful completion of ten test objectives, the spacecraft was cleared to make its final approach, holding {{convert|12|m}} below the ISS. Then, Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano grappled it at 7 a.m. EDT (GMT-4), 29 September 2013, using the Canadarm2 remote manipulator system[13] as the two spacecraft sailed high above the Indian Ocean.[14] Cygnus was berthed to the nadir port of the station's Harmony node.[13] PayloadCygnus carried {{convert|1543|lb|kg|abbr=on|disp=flip}} of cargo to the ISS, including food and spare parts.[15] After unloading, the spacecraft was loaded with {{convert|2850|lb|kg|abbr=on|disp=flip}} of cargo for disposal.[16] End of missionOn 22 October the Canadarm2 was used to unberth the Cygnus spacecraft from the nadir port of the Harmony module at 10:04 UTC. The spacecraft was then maneuvered to a release position below the station, where it was released from the RMS at 11:31 UTC. It then performed a series of separation maneuvers away from the station. The spacecraft fired its main engine to de-orbit itself on 23 October at 17:41 UTC, with reentry and burning up in the atmosphere over the southern Pacific Ocean occurring at 18:16 UTC.[17][18] GalleryReferences1. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/orbital-upbeat-ahead-of-antares-debut/ |title=Space industry giants Orbital upbeat ahead of Antares debut |publisher=NASA Spaceflight |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=22 February 2012 |accessdate=29 March 2012}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.spaceflight101live.com/antares-launch-cygnus-orb-d-mission.html |title=Antares - Cygnus Orb-D Launch |work=Spaceflight 101 |date=18 September 2013 |accessdate=6 January 2016}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=39258 |title=CYGNUS Satellite details 2013-047A NORAD 39258 |work=N2YO |date=30 September 2013 |accessdate=19 October 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/index.html |title=Worldwide Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |date=3 October 2012 |accessdate=3 October 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911172414/http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/index.html |archivedate=11 September 2013 |df=dmy }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/MissionUpdates/Orb-D1/files/8%20Cygnus%20Overview.pdf |title=Cygnus Spacecraft: Cygnus Overview |publisher=Orbital Sciences |date=14 September 2013}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cygnus-cargo-ship-captured-by-international-space-station/ |title=Cygnus cargo ship captured by International Space Station |work=CBS News |first=William |last=Harwood |date=29 September 2013 |accessdate=9 January 2014}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/19/AR2008031903469.html |title=G. David Low, 52: Cerebral Astronaut Flew on 3 Shuttles |work=The Washington Post |first=Joe |last=Holley |date=20 March 2008 |accessdate=9 January 2014}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-120913a.html |title=Orbital names next space station freighter for late pilot-astronaut |work=CollectSpace |first=Robert Z. |last=Pearlman |date=9 December 2013 |accessdate=9 December 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/antares/cots1/status.html |title=Cygnus Orb-D1 Mission Status Center |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=18 September 2013}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/computer-mishap-delays-space-station-supply-ship-cygnus/2013/09/22/69145610-23a0-11e3-b75d-5b7f66349852_story.html |title=Computer mishap delays space station supply ship Cygnus |work=The Washington Post |first=Marsha |last=Dunn |date=22 September 2013 |accessdate=9 January 2014}} 11. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/09/cygnus-cots-graduation-iss-berthing/ |title=Cygnus delays ISS berthing following GPS discrepancy |work=NASA Spaceflight |first1=Chris |last1=Bergin |first2=Pete |last2=Harding |date=21 September 2013 |accessdate=4 November 2013}} 12. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/science/cygnus-spacecrafts-arrival-space-station-delayed-incoming-crew-4B11233826 |title=Cygnus spacecraft's arrival at space station delayed by incoming crew |work=NBC News |first=Miriam |last=Kramer |date=23 September 2013 |accessdate=25 September 2013}} 13. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/MissionUpdates/Orb-D1/files/5%20Mission%20Description.pdf |title=COTS Orb-D1 Mission: Mission Description |publisher=Orbital Sciences |year=2013 |accessdate=18 September 2013}} 14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57605162/cygnus-cargo-ship-captured-by-international-space-station |title=Cygnus cargo ship captured by International Space Station |work=CBS News |first=William |last=Hardwood |date=29 September 2013 |accessdate=29 September 2013}} 15. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/antares/cots1/launchmanifest.html |title=Cygnus launch cargo |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=14 September 2013 |accessdate=18 September 2013}} 16. ^{{cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/antares/cots1/131022departure/ |title=Cygnus completes maiden visit to space station |work=Spaceflight Now |first=Stephen |last=Clark |date=22 October 2013 |accessdate=9 January 2014}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/canadarm2-releases-cygnus-after-successful-demonstration-mission-0/ |title=Canadarm2 Releases Cygnus After Successful Demonstration Mission |work=NASA.gov |date=22 October 2013 |accessdate=24 October 2013}} 18. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/release.asp?prid=1873 |title=Orbital Completes COTS Demonstration Mission to International Space Station |publisher=Orbital Sciences |first=Barron |last=Beneski |date=23 October 2013 |accessdate=24 October 2013}} External links{{Portal|Spaceflight}}{{Commons category multi|Antares Orb-D1 mission|Cygnus 1}}
5 : Cygnus (spacecraft)|Spacecraft launched by Antares rockets|Spacecraft launched in 2013|Spacecraft which reentered in 2013|Supply vehicles for the International Space Station |
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