| 词条 | Damjili Cave |
| 释义 |
| name = Damjili Cave | native_name =Damcılı mağarası | alternate_name = | image = Çaxmaqdaşı və dəvəgözündən mikrolitlər, Damcılı mağarası.JPG | alt = Damcılı mağarası stone tools | caption = stone tools | image_size = 240 | map_type =Azerbaijan | map_alt = Damjili Cave in Azerbaijan | map_caption = location in Azerbaijan | map_size = 240 | relief = yes | coordinates = {{coord|41|8|53|N|45|14|28|E|display=inline,title}} | location = Daş Salahlı village | region = Gazakh rayon, Azerbaijan | type = | part_of = | length = | width = | area = | height = | depth = | builder = | material = | built = | abandoned = | epochs = Paleolithic and Mesolithic | cultures = | dependency_of = | occupants = | event = | excavations = | archaeologists = | condition = | ownership = | management = | public_access = | website = | notes = }}Damjili ({{lang-az| Damcılı mağarası}}) – is a half-circular shaped cave site (6400-6000 BC) in Azerbaijan, where evidence of prehistoric human presence during the Paleolithic and Mesolithic was discovered.[1] Various stone tools, arrowheads, flint knives, remains of hearth and fossilized bones of animals have been found in the cave.[2] Traces of ochre were found in a grotto of the cave, lending credence to the idea, that the occupants had a desire to deal with symbolism and aesthetics. The sediment layers, in which the ochre was found are mixed with more tardy ones which suggests that the use ochre dates back to the Mousterian culture OverviewDamjili cave is the biggest cave among Avey Mountain caves. It has an area of {{convert|360|km2|sqmi|1|abbr=on}}. The front side of the cave has been destroyed in the result of floods over years.[3] The height of the cave's rear side is {{convert|4 |m|ft|1|abbr=on}}. LocationThe site is situated in the South-Eastern part of the Avey Mountain of the Small Caucasus, that extends from Daş Salahlı village in the Gazakh rayon to the Khram River.[4] Name of the CaveThe name Damjili is an allusion to "weeping water", that rinses through the natural cracks in the limestone cave walls (the Azeri word Damji ({{lang-az|damcı}}) translates to drop).[5] Damjili springWater of Damjili spring dribbles down from the flinty top of the cave through the natural cracks. Pure and cold falling water drops are accumulating in the dent below and forming a spring. That’s why the spring is called Damjili, literally meanining “with drops”.[6] ExcavationsDamjılı cave was discovered for the first time in 1953 during the joint expedition of Russian scientist Zamyatin and Azerbaijani archaeologist Mammadali Husyenov.[7] Fragments of pottery dated back to the Bronze Age and Middle Ages were discovered from the primary excavations in the cave. The Paleolithic archaeological expedition formed under the History Museum of Academy of Science of Azerbaijan in 1956 conducted fundamental excavations in Damjili cave between 1956 and 1958 under the supervision of M.Huseynov.[8] In the result of this excavation, around 7000 stone tools and more than 2000 bones of hunting animals were found from diferent cultural layers of the cave. [8] In 2015-2017, a group of Azerbaijani and Japanese experts (led by the professor Yoshihiro Nishiaki of Tokyo University) conducted joint excavations in the area. The excavations began in 10 different directions. As a result, artefacts dating back to the Neolithic period, ruins of fireplaces, tools of Middle Paleolithic were discovered at a depth of 4 meters. The materials were investigated in Japanese laboratories.[9][10] FindingsThe tools found in the Damjili cave trace back to the Middle Paleolithic – Mousterian period, Upper Paleolithic, Mezolithic, Neolithic, Eneolithic periods and Bronze Age. [11] Scrapers, cutting tools, awls, knife-shaped tools of Upper paleolithic were mainly made from flint and obsidian stone. [12]Pencil-shaped nucleuses, small knife-shaped boards, tiny scrapers, cutting and pointed tools were attributed to Mezolithic, while arrowheads, polished stone object were attributed to the Neolithic period. [12] Mousterian and Meseolithic period findings consist of triangular spikes, big circular cutting tools and nucleuses which are considered to be used for hunting.[7][13] Some of the scrapers made of basalt are in circular shapes. [7] Disk shaped nucleuses tools are considered to belong to Neanderthal people 100,000-80,000 years ago settled in Damjili.[7] See alsoQazakh DistrictReferences1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/file/KAKENHI-PROJECT-24251014/24251014seika.pdf|title=Kakenhi Project|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.qazax.net/en/mn_damcilimag.htm|title=Damjili stone age cave camp|date=|accessdate=|publisher=}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.seismology.az/en/stations/17|title=Republican Seismic Survey Center of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences|last=|first=|date=|website=www.seismology.az|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-15}} 4. ^{{Cite news |title=Gazakh |url=http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/gazakh/ |publisher=Authentic Azerbaijan |date= |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321044200/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/gazakh/ |archivedate=2012-03-21 |df= }} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/bp_caspian/bp_caspian_en/STAGING/local_assets/downloads_pdfs/xyz/BTC_English_ESIAs_Azerbaijan_Content_Baseline_Reports_BTC_ESIA_Baseli-seline_Data.pdf|title=Archaeological Baseline Data|date=|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206215034/http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/bp_caspian/bp_caspian_en/STAGING/local_assets/downloads_pdfs/xyz/BTC_English_ESIAs_Azerbaijan_Content_Baseline_Reports_BTC_ESIA_Baseli-seline_Data.pdf|archivedate=2012-02-06|deadurl=yes|publisher=BP|df=}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://portal.azertag.az/az/node/614|title=Damcılı mağarası|website=portal.azertag.az|language=az|access-date=2019-03-15}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=https://kataloq.gomap.az/en/all-poi/culture/cave/8f33c11cd56611e0ad4900226424597d|title=Residental area "Damjili" (Mousterian period) - Caves {{!}} Catalog GoMap.Az|website=kataloq.gomap.az|language=en|access-date=2019-03-16}} 8. ^1 {{Cite book|url=http://history.az/pdf.php?item_id=20100401074214349&ext=pdf|title=AZƏRBAYCAN ARXEOLOGİYASI|last=|first=|publisher=ŞƏRQ-QƏRB|year=2008|isbn=978-9952-448-28-3|location=Bakı|pages=}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/culture/135105.html|title=Japanese experts conduct excavations in Gazakh [PHOTO]|date=2018-07-20|website=AzerNews.az|language=en|access-date=2019-03-16}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://paleoasia.jp/en/archive/2017/0807084734/|title=Public Presentation at Damjili Cave, Azerbaijan (July 29, 2017) {{!}} Cultural History of PaleoAsia {{!}} Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, a MEXT Grant-in-Aid Project FY2016-2020|website=Public Presentation at Damjili Cave, Azerbaijan (July 29, 2017) {{!}} Cultural History of PaleoAsia {{!}} Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, a MEXT Grant-in-Aid Project FY2016-2020|language=en|access-date=2019-03-16}} 11. ^{{Cite book|title=AZƏRBAYCAN ARXEOLOGIYASI DAŞ DÖVRÜ|last=|first=|publisher=“Şərq-Qərb"|year=2008|location=Baki|pages=}} 12. ^1 {{Cite book|url=http://anl.az/el/Kitab/254453.pdf|title=AZƏRBAYCAN TARIXI ən qədimdən bizim eranın III əsri|last=|first=|publisher="Elm"|year=2007|isbn=978-9952-448-36-8|location=Baki|pages=}} 13. ^{{Cite book|title=ETHNIC AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN: from ancient times to the present day|last=Zardabli|first=Ismail bey|publisher=lulu.com|year=2018|isbn=978-0244997823|location=|pages=18}} External links{{Navbox prehistoric caves}} 2 : Caves of Azerbaijan|Archaeological sites in Azerbaijan |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。