| 词条 | Poás Volcano |
| 释义 |
| name = Poás Volcano | photo = Poas crater.jpg | photo_caption = Poás volcano crater, shown before the 2017 eruptions | elevation_m = 2,708 | elevation_ref =[1] | prominence = | location = Costa Rica | range = Cordillera Central | coordinates = {{coord|10.2|N|84.233|W|display=inline,title|type:mountain}}[1] | map = Costa Rica | map_caption = Location in Costa Rica | topo = | type = Stratovolcano | age = | last_eruption = April 2017 | first_ascent = | easiest_route = Hike }} The Poás Volcano, ({{lang-es|Volcán Poás}}), is an active {{Convert|2708|m|adj=on}} stratovolcano in central Costa Rica and is located within Poas Volcano National Park. It has erupted 40 times since 1828, including April 2017 when visitors and residents were evacuated.[2] The volcano and surrounding park were closed for nearly 17 months, with a 2.5 kilometer safety perimeter established around the erupting crater.[3] As of September 1, 2018 the park has reopened with limited access only to the crater observation area and requires a reservation to be made on the National Park Website. Adjacent trails to Lake Botos as well as the museum at the visitor center remained closed. Crater lakesThere are two crater lakes near the summit. The northern lake is known as the Laguna Caliente ("hot lagoon") and is located at a height of 2,300 m in a crater approximately 0.3 km wide and 30 m deep. It is one of the world's most acidic lakes. The acidity varies after rain and changes in volcanic activity, sometimes reaching a pH of almost 0; consequently, it supports little or no aquatic life. The bottom of this lake is covered with a layer of liquid sulfur.[4] Acid gases create acid rain and acid fog, causing damage to surrounding ecosystems and often irritation of eyes and lungs. Lake Botos, the southern lake, fills an inactive crater, which last erupted in 7500 BC. It is cold and clear, and is surrounded by a cloud forest within the National Park boundaries. Eruptive historyOn May 17, 1953, an eruption occurred that started a cycle that lasted until 1956. At least two people were reported missing.[5] Poás was near the epicenter of a 6.1-magnitude earthquake in January 2009 that killed at least forty people and affected Fraijanes, Vara Blanca, Cinchona (the most affected area), the capital San José, and the Central Valley region of Costa Rica. There was also eruptive activity in 2009 involving minor phreatic eruptions and landslides within the northern active crater. Poás eruptions often include geyser-like ejections of crater-lake water. On February 25, 2014, a webcam from the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Costa Rica (OVSICORI) captured the moment a dark cloud exploded about 1,000 feet in the air from a massive crater of the Poás Volcano. This volcano remains active today.[6][7] Poás is one of 9 volcanoes currently monitored by the Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project. The project is collecting data on the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emission rates from subaerial volcanoes.[8] 2017 ActivityOn April 9, 2017, National Park officials placed restrictions on visitors at Poas due to an increased volume of toxic gases at the summit crater.[9] An explosion on April 12 caused park officials to close the popular park to visitors. The measure was termed "temporary." [10] Some nearby residents were also evacuated.[2] On April 14, 2017, two eruptions at 07:39 and 07:57 created an over three kilometer ash and vapor column.[11] Further explosions occurred April 16.[12] Following a substantial blast on April 22 that sent incandescent rocks over a large area which damaged park buildings and infrastructure, Costa Rica President Luis Guillermo Solis toured the surrounding towns the following two days. Business owners described the negative financial impacts the volcano park closure were causing, and Solis released a video in Spanish and English urging potential tourists to visit the nearby community shops and restaurants. He also promised emergency agencies would continue to make updated reports on the eruption.[13] As of September 1, 2018, the National Park has re-opened with limited access and revised regulations. Visitors are required to make an online reservation to enter the park and the number of visitors and time allowed at the crater is limited. Only the main crater observation area is open as of September 2018. Adjacent trails including the trail to the Lake Botos remain closed. {{Gallery|lines=1 |width=550 |height=170 |File:Panorama 2 Botos Lake (Crater), Poas Volcano Ntl Park CRI 08 2009.jpg|alt1=Lake Botos is an inactive crater within Poás Volcano National Park|Lake Botos is an inactive crater within Poás Volcano National Park |File:Panorama4 Poas volcano crater.jpg|alt2=Fumarole activity at the Poás crater|Fumarole activity at the Poás crater }} See also
References1. ^1 [https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=345040 GLOBAL VOLCANISM PROGRAM, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION] 2. ^1 http://news.co.cr/new-eruption-at-poas-volcano-in-costa-rica-forces-evacuation-of-a-few-neighbors/59243/ 3. ^http://www.ticotimes.net/2017/04/17/poas-volcano-turrialba 4. ^{{citation |author= O. Vaselli, F. Tassi, A.Minissale, G. Montegrossi, E. Duarte, E.Fernandez, E. Bergamaschi |title = Rigmarole migration and fluid geochemistry at Poás Volcano (Costa Rica) |publisher = The Geological Society of London. |year = 2003 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zsPoH-aCJqwC&pg=PA256&lpg=PA256&dq=Po%C3%A1s+acid+rain+Laguna+Caliente#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 5. ^[https://www.crhoy.com/nacionales/video-asi-asusto-a-los-ticos-el-poas-en-1953/ (Video) Así asustó a los ticos el Poás ¡en 1953!] 6. ^NY Daily News 2/25/14 7. ^Costa Rica Star News 12/28/16 8. ^{{cite web|title=DECADE Installations at Turrialba and Poás|url=https://deepcarbon.net/feature/decade-installations-turrialba-and-poás#.V-ltH2MomXh|website=Deep Carbon Observatory|accessdate=26 September 2016}} 9. ^http://www.ticotimes.net/2017/04/10/poas-volcano-gases 10. ^http://www.ticotimes.net/2017/04/13/poas-volcano-eruption 11. ^Volcán Poás registra erupción de más de 3 kilómetros de altura 12. ^http://news.co.cr/another-eruption-sunday-afternoon-poas-volcano-costa-rica/59457/ 13. ^http://www.ticotimes.net/2017/04/24/poas-solis-tour
External links
5 : Stratovolcanoes of Costa Rica|Active volcanoes|Crater lakes|Geography of Alajuela Province|Mountains of Costa Rica |
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