| 词条 | Daphne Jackson |
| 释义 |
| name = Daphne Jackson | image = Daphne Jackson.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = Daphne Jackson | birth_date = {{birth date|1936|9|23|df=yes}} | birth_place = Peterborough | death_date = {{death date and age|1991|2|8|1936|9|23|df=yes}} | death_place = Guildford | death_cause = | residence = | other_names = | known_for = | education = | employer = | occupation = | title = Professor | term = | predecessor = | successor = | boards = | religion = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = daphnejackson.org | footnotes = | nationality = British }}Daphne Frances Jackson {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE|}} (23 September 1936 – 8 February 1991) was a nuclear physicist. In 1971, she became the first female physics professor in the UK. A legacy after her death in 1991 enabled the foundation of the Daphne Jackson Trust.[1] BiographyDaphne Frances Jackson was born in Peterborough; her father was a machine tool operator and her mother had been a textile designer before she married.[2] Jackson went to the local grammar school, Peterborough County Grammar School for Girls from where she was able to apply to take physics at Imperial College in London. She was one of only two female students on the course alongside 88 males.[3] Jackson moved to what is now called the University of Surrey at the invitation of Lewis Elton to study nuclear physics when he became head of the physics department at Battersea College of Advanced Technology.[4] She became a lecturer and she was awarded a doctorate in 1962.[2] In 1971, Jackson became Britain's first female professor of Physics when she was appointed by University of Surrey [2] at the age of 34.[3] She eventually rose to be the Dean of the university as well as sitting on a range of bodies; she held a senior position at the Meteorological Office, and was president of the Women's Engineering Society and vice-president of the Institute of Physics, after being its youngest ever fellow.[4] Jackson campaigned for women's rights and she was disappointed to see that talented women were lost in lowly jobs because they could not re-enter their career after a break. In 1985 Jackson devised a plan to help these women by allowing them to work for two years where they could readjust to their discipline after taking a break to have a child, becoming a carer or just because they followed their husband's career rather than their own.[2] Jackson is reported as saying, "Imagine a society that would allow Marie Curie to stack shelves in a supermarket simply because she took a career break for family reasons."[5] “Qualified women who are unemployed or under-employed following a career break for family commitments represent an appalling waste of talent and of investment in their initial education. Many such women are eager to return to their original careers or to a new field of activity for which their initial education is relevant, provided that retraining can be given and that they can, at least initially, work on a part-time basis.” Illness and deathProfessor Jackson was diagnosed with cancer - a disease she was helping to fight through her work with the Institute for Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden Hospital. She had published 55 articles on the use of nuclear physics in medicine. She was appointed an OBE in 1987.[4] Jackson died in Guildford in 1991 of cancer. LegacyThe Daphne Jackson Medal and Prize, established in 2016 and named in Jackson's honour, are awarded by the Institute of Physics "for exceptional early career contributions to physics education and to widening participation within it".[6] References1. ^{{cite web|title=History of the Daphne Jackson Trust|url=http://www.daphnejackson.org/about/history/|accessdate=13 April 2015}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Daphne}}2. ^1 2 3 [https://daphnejackson.org/about-us/our-history/ Biography of Daphne Jackson], Daphne Jackson Trust, accessed October 2012 3. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=PeevUWiuEwkC&pg=PA480&lpg=PA480&#v=onepage&q&f=false First Female Physics Professor], New Scientist, 21 September 1972 4. ^1 2 R. C. Johnson, E. A. Johnson, ‘Jackson, Daphne Frances (1936–1991)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 18 Oct 2012 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmdius/187/187we51.htm|title=Memorandum to the Parliamentary Select Committee on Innovation, Universities and Skills, Memorandum 50|date=27 March 2008|accessdate=31 October 2012|quote=Professor Daphne Jackson ... summarised the issue of women returners most succinctly by saying "Imagine a society that would allow Marie Curie to stack shelves in a supermarket simply because she took a career break for family reasons".}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Daphne Jackson Medal and Prize |url=http://www.iop.org/about/awards/bronze/daphne-jackson/page_67980.html |publisher=Institute of Physics |accessdate=11 July 2018}} 12 : 1938 births|1991 deaths|Officers of the Order of the British Empire|British nuclear physicists|Women physicists|People from Peterborough|Academics of the University of Surrey|Fellows of the Institute of Physics|British women engineers|20th-century women engineers|Women nuclear physicists|Presidents of the Women's Engineering Society |
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