| 释义 |
- Design and development
- Variants
- Applications
- Engines on display
- Specifications (J57-P-23)
- Specifications (JT3C-7)
- See also
- References Notes Bibliography
- External links
{{Redirect|J57|the music artist|J57 (rapper)}}| name= J57 / JT3C | image= File:PRATT_&_WHITNEY_J57.jpg | caption= YJ57-P-3 cut-away demonstrator at USAF Museum
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Engine | type= Turbojet | national origin = United States | manufacturer= Pratt & Whitney | 1950}} | major applications= Boeing 707
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker
Douglas DC-8
North American F-100 Super Sabre
Vought F-8 Crusader | number built = 21,170 built | program cost = | unit cost = | developed from = Pratt & Whitney XT45 | variants with their own articles = JT3D/TF33 | developed into = Pratt & Whitney J52/JT8A
Pratt & Whitney J75/JT4A
}} |
The Pratt & Whitney J57 (company designation: JT3C) is an axial-flow turbojet engine developed by Pratt & Whitney in the early 1950s. The J57 (first run January 1950[1]) was the first 10,000 lbf (45 kN) thrust class engine in the United States. The J57/JT3C was developed into the J75/JT4A turbojet, JT3D/TF33 turbofan and the PT5/T57 turboprop.[2] Design and developmentThe J57 was a development of the Pratt & Whitney XT45 (PT4) turboprop engine that was originally intended for the Boeing XB-52. As the B-52 power requirements grew, the design evolved into a turbojet, the JT3. The J57 used titanium alloys{{where|date=March 2018}} and the Ti-150 alloy used in the mid 1950s suffered hydrogen embrittlement[3]{{rp|412}} until the problem was understood. The prestigious Collier Trophy for 1952 was awarded to Leonard S. Hobbs, Chief Engineer of United Aircraft Corporation, for "designing and producing the P&W J57 turbojet engine".[4] On May 25, 1953, a J57-powered YF-100A exceeded Mach 1 on its maiden flight. The engine was produced from 1951 to 1965 with a total of 21,170 built. One XT57 (PT5), a turboprop development of the J57, was installed in the nose of a JC-124C (BuNo 52-1069), and tested in 1956.[5][6] VariantsData from:Aircraft Engines of the World 1964/65[7], Aircraft engines of the World 1957[8]{{Col-begin}}{{Col-2}}- J57-P-1W
- {{convert|11400|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} s.t with water injection (B-52A)
- J57-P-1WA
- As P-1W
- J57-P-1WB
- As P-1W
- J57-P-2
- YJ57-P-3
- {{convert|8700|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust, used in the Convair YB-60
- J57-P-4A
- {{convert|16000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-5
- J57-P-6
- {{convert|10500|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-6B
- {{convert|10500|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-7
- {{convert|14800|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-8
- J57-P-8A
- {{convert|10400|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-8B
- {{convert|16000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-9
- J57-P-9W
- {{convert|14800|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-10
- {{convert|10500|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-11
- {{convert|9700|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust, {{convert|14,800|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-12
- J57-P-13
- {{convert|14880|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-15
- J57-P-16
- {{convert|16900|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-19W
- {{convert|12100|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust with water injection
- J57-P-20
- {{convert|18000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust[9]
- J57-P-20A
- {{convert|18000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-21
- {{convert|17000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-23
- {{convert|17000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-25
- {{convert|15000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
{{Col-2}}- J57-P-27
- J57-P-29W
- {{convert|12100|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust with water injection
- J57-P-31
- J57-P-37A
- J57-P-39
- J57-P-41
- J57-P-43W
- {{convert|13750|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-43WA
- {{convert|13750|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-P-43WB
- {{convert|13750|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust[9]
- J57-P-59W
- {{convert|13750|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust
- J57-F-13
- Production by Ford
- J57-F-19W
- Production by Ford
- J57-F-21
- Production by Ford
- J57-F-23
- Production by Ford
- J57-F-29W
- Production by Ford
- J57-F-31W
- Production by Ford
- J57-F-35
- Production by Ford
- J57-F-43
- Production by Ford
- J57-F-43W
- Production by Ford
- J57-P-53
- J57-P-55
- J57-F-59W
- Production by Ford
- JT3C-2
- Civilian derivative of the J57-P-43WB, {{convert|13750|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust[9]
- JT3C-4
- JT3C-5
- JT3C-6
- {{convert|13500|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust[9]
- JT3C-7
- {{convert|12000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust[9]
- JT3C-12
- {{convert|13000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust[9]
- JT3C-26
- Civilian derivative of the J57-P-20, {{convert|18,000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|2}} thrust[9]
JT3D/TF33:A turbo-fan derivative of the J57.[9] - T57/PT5
- {{convert|15000|hp|kW|abbr=on|2}} turboprop
{{col-end}}Applications- J57 (Military)
- Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
- Boeing C-135 Stratolifter and KC-135 Stratotanker
- Convair F-102 Delta Dagger
- Convair YB-60
- Douglas A3D Skywarrior
- Douglas F4D Skyray
- Douglas F5D Skylancer
- Lockheed U-2
- Martin B-57 Canberra
- McDonnell F-101 Voodoo
- North American F-100 Super Sabre
- Northrop SM-62 Snark
- Vought F-8 Crusader
- JT3C (Civilian)
- Boeing 707
- Boeing 720
- Douglas DC-8
- T57 turboprop
- Douglas JC-124C Globemaster II testbed
- Douglas C-132 (not built)
Engines on display- A J57 cutaway is on display at the New England Air Museum, Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, CT.[10]
Specifications (J57-P-23){{jetspecs
|
|ref={{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
|type=Afterburning turbojet
|length=244 in (6197.6mm)
|diameter=39 in (990.6mm)
|weight=5,175 lb (2,347 kg)
|compressor=Two-spool 16-stage axial compressor
|combustion=
|turbine=
|fueltype=
|oilsystem=
|power=
|thrust=11,700 lbf (52.0 kN) dry, 17,200 lbf (76.5 kN) with afterburner
|compression=11.5:1
|aircon=165 lb/s (75 kg/s) at maximum power
|turbinetemp=1,600 °F (870 °C)
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon={{convert|2.10|tsfc}} with afterburner
|power/weight=
|thrust/weight=3.32:1 (32.6 N/kg)
}}Specifications (JT3C-7){{jetspecs
|
|ref=Flight [11]
|type=civil turbojet
|length= 155in (3937mm)
|diameter= 39in (990.6mm)
|weight= 4200lb (1905kg)
|compressor=all-axial, 9-stage LP compressor, 7-stage HP compressor
|combustion=cannular, 8 flame tubes
|turbine=all-axial, single stage HP turbine, 2-stage LP turbine
|fueltype=
|oilsystem=
|power=
|thrust=12030 lbf (53.5 kN) @ Take-off, SLS, ISA
|compression=12.5:1
|aircon=180 lb/s (81.65 kg/s)
|turbinetemp=
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon=0.785 lb/(h lbf) (22.24 g/(s kN)) @ Take-off, SLS, ISA and 0.909 lb/(h lbf) (25.75g/(s kN)) @Max Cruise 3550 lbf M0.85,35000 ft,ISA
|power/weight=
|thrust/weight= 3.44
}}See also{{Aircontent
|related=- Pratt & Whitney J52/JT8A
- Pratt & Whitney J75/JT4A
- Pratt & Whitney JT3D/TF33
|similar engines=- Rolls-Royce Avon
- Bristol Olympus
|lists=
|see also=
}}ReferencesNotes1. ^The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History" Jack Connors, AIAA Inc. 2010, {{ISBN|978-1-60086-711-8}}, p. 225
2. ^Gunston, p.167
3. ^"Iroquois" a 1957 Flight article
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/collier-trophy.html|title=Collier Trophy|author=|date=|website=www.aerofiles.com|accessdate=16 April 2018}}
5. ^Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 (Putnam, 1979), p.470.
6. ^Connors, p.294
7. ^{{cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Paul H. |title=Aircraft engines of the World 1964/65 |year=1964 |publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. |location=London |edition=19th}}
8. ^{{cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Paul H. |title=Aircraft engines of the World 1957 |year=1957 |publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. |location=London |edition=15th |pages=82-83}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63|year=1962|publisher=Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd|location=London}}
10. ^http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&layout=edit&id=1059 "Pratt & Whitney J57 (JTC3) Cutaway"
11. ^[https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1953/1953%20-%201545.html Flightglobal archive - Flight International, 27 November 1953] Retrieved: 04 March 2017
Bibliography{{refbegin}}- {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63|year=1962|publisher=Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd|location=London}}
- {{cite book|last= Connors |first= Jack |coauthors= |title= The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History |publisher= American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |location= Reston. Virginia |year= 2010 |isbn= 978-1-60086-711-8 |url= |pages= }}
- Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam, 1979. {{ISBN|0-370-00050-1}}.
- {{cite book |last= Gunston |first= Bill |coauthors= |title= World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines, 5th Edition |year= 2006 |publisher= Sutton Publishing Limited |location= Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK |isbn= 0-7509-4479-X |pages= }}
{{refend}}External links{{commons category}}- Pratt & Whitney History page on the J57/JT3
- Pratt & Whitney J57 Turbojet – National Museum of the United States Air Force
- Photo of C-124 with xT57 in Flight magazine
- "Two-Spool Turbo-Wasp" a 1953 Flight article on the J57 by Bill Gunston
{{Pratt & Whitney aeroengines}}{{USAF gas turbine engines}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pratt and Whitney J57}} 2 : Turbojet engines 1950–1959|Pratt & Whitney aircraft engines |