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词条 Dauntless Dotty
释义

  1. Combat history

     Robert Morgan  Return to Tokyo  Demise 

  2. References

{{italic title}}
name = Dauntless Dottyimage =caption = 869th Bomb Squadron B-29, 42-24592, Dauntless Dotty. Shown is Major Robert Morgan, pilot of the aircraft.
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Career		sole example of type?= Ntype = Boeing B-29-40-BW Superfortressother names =manufacturer = Boeing Airplane Companyconstruction number = 4253construction date = civil registration = military serial = 42-24592radio code =first flight = ca. Jan 1944owners = United States Army Air Forcein service = 1944 – 6 June 1945flights = 53 missions [1]total hours = 880 combat hours [2]total distance = 176,000 combat miles [3]fate = Crashed on takeoff, 6 June 1945, Kwajaleinpreservation =
}}

Dauntless Dotty is the nickname of a Boeing B-29-40-BW Superfortress during the Second World War that led the first B-29 raid on Tokyo on 24 November 1944, the first bombing attack of the Japanese capital since the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942.

Combat history

The B-29 that became Dauntless Dotty is a block 40 airframe, manufactured by Boeing at the Wichita, Kansas plant which was built specifically for Superfortress production, and was the twenty-second of a hundred block 40-BWs constructed. It was assigned Army Air Force serial number 42-24592, and Boeing-Wichita constructors number (c/n) 4253.[4]

The future Dotty was assigned to the 497th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy), with three assigned squadrons, at Pratt Army Air Field, Kansas, in the spring of 1944. The 497th was deployed to the Pacific Theater of Operations (PTO) in September 1944, being assigned to the XXI Bomber Command 73d Bombardment Wing in the Northern Mariana Islands, and stationed at Isely Field, Saipan. The first 497th Superfort arrived there on 17 September. The group began operations in October 1944 with work up attacks against Iwo Jima and the Truk Islands.

Robert Morgan

Captain Robert K. Morgan (31 July 1918 – 15 May 2004), of Asheville, North Carolina, had been the pilot on the majority of the missions flown by the B-17 Flying Fortress, Memphis Belle, when it was designated the official "first" bomber to complete 25 operations, while flying with the 91st Bomb Group, VIII Bomber Command, in the European Theatre of Operations. (Hell's Angels, of the 303d Bomb Group, actually beat the Belle by one week.) [5][6] Memphis Belle was the first combat-veteran bomber to return to the United States as part of a publicity campaign to sell war bonds.[7] Morgan flew the plane all over the United States for bond rallies.

Return to Tokyo

Promoted to Major, Morgan flew a second combat tour in the Pacific Theater, commanding the 869th Bomb Squadron, 497th Bomb Group. Flying B-29 Superfortress, 42-24592, tail code 'A1'[8] named Dauntless Dotty, after his third wife, Dorothy Johnson Morgan, he completed 26 missions over Japan until sent home on 24 April 1945. On 24 November 1944, he led the first mission of the XXI Bomber Command to bomb Japan, 111 aircraft of the 73rd Bomb Wing to Tokyo, with wing commander Brigadier General Emmett O'Donnell, Jr. as mission command pilot and Vince Evans as lead bombardier. Evans had served in England with Morgan as bombardier of the Memphis Belle.

"The city was 1,500 miles from the Marianas. Brigadier-General Emmett O’Donnell flying the Dauntless Dotty led 111 B-29s against the Musashima [sic] engine factory. The planes dropped their bombs from 30,000 feet and came across the first of a number of problems – accuracy. The B-29’s were fitted with an excellent bomb aimer – the Norden – but it could not make out its target through low cloud. Also flying at 30,000 feet meant that the planes frequently flew in a jet stream wind that was between 100 and 200 mph which further complicated bomb aiming. Of the 111 planes on the raid, only 24 found the target."[9]

Dotty also participated in another significant Tokyo raid on 9/10 March 1945, when it flew the first night, low level altitude, fire bombing (Operation Meetinghouse) raid. This was the single deadliest air raid of World War II;[10] greater than Dresden,[11] Hiroshima, or Nagasaki as single events.[12][13]

Demise

Dauntless Dotty, departed Kwajalein at 0306 hrs. on 7 June 1945 for the second leg of a ferry flight back to the United States, commanded by Capt. William A. Kelley, of Tifton, Georgia. Forty seconds after takeoff, the aircraft struck the Pacific Ocean and sank, killing 10 of 13 on board instantly. (MACR 14530)[14] Co-pilot 1st Lt. John Neville, of Bradley, Illinois, tailgunner S/Sgt. Glenn F. Gregory, of Waldron, Indiana, and left gunner S/Sgt. Charles McMurray (also spelt McMurry in one source), of Memphis, Tennessee, were thrown from the wreckage and were recovered by a rescue boat after some 45 minutes in the water.[15]

The wreckage of the Dotty and the remains of the ten men who were trapped inside her when she sank have never been located. The wreckage is believed to be at a depth of approximately 6,000 feet.[16] A search for the lost airframe by the National Underwater and Marine Agency Australia has been proposed.[17]

References

1. ^http://b-29.org/73BW/497BG/dauntless-dotty/dotty.html
2. ^http://b-29.org/73BW/497BG/dauntless-dotty/dotty.html
3. ^http://b-29.org/73BW/497BG/dauntless-dotty/dotty.html
4. ^http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/1942_1.html
5. ^"Hell's Angels vs Memphis Belle." 303rdbg.com. Retrieved: 21 September 2011.
6. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20140203144206/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2472 "Boeing B-17F-25-BO "Hell’s Angels".] National Museum of the United States Air Force, 25 June 2009. Retrieved: 12 July 2017.
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=123006538 |title=B-17 Flying Fortress |accessdate=2008-05-30 |publisher=United States Air Force |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120719034459/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=123006538 |archivedate=2012-07-19 |df= }}
8. ^http://okinawarelics.com/487th.html#.UvM6FPldWSo
9. ^http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/fire_raids_on_japan.htm
10. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2011/03/0309incendiary-bombs-kill-100000-tokyo/ |title=March 9, 1945: Burning the Heart Out of the Enemy |date=9 March 2011 |work=Wired |publisher=Condé Nast Digital |accessdate=8 August 2011}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.acc.af.mil/News/Features/Display/tabid/5765/Article/204323/this-month-in-history-the-firebombing-of-dresden.aspx |title=This Month in History: The Firebombing of Dresden |author= Tech. Staff Sgt. Steven Wilson, |date=25 February 2010 |publisher=28th Bomb Wing Public Affairs, United States Air Force |accessdate=28 October 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/bombings-worse-nagasaki-hiroshima/ |title=Bombings Worse than Nagasaki and Hiroshima |author=Laurence M. Vance |date=14 August 2009 |work=The Future of Freedom Foundation |accessdate=8 August 2011}}
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/0310-08.htm |title=1945 Tokyo Firebombing Left Legacy of Terror, Pain |author=Joseph Coleman |date=10 March 2005 |agency=Associated Press |publisher=CommonDreams.org |accessdate=8 August 2011}}
14. ^http://warbird-central.com/2011/07/44-24529-b-29-40-b-dauntless-dotty/
15. ^Dauntless Dotty Story
16. ^http://www.vmb613.com/june_1945.htm
17. ^Press Release – Search for Dauntless Dotty

2 : Individual aircraft of World War II|Boeing B-29 Superfortress
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