| 词条 | Preikestolen | ||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Preikestolen | other_name = | photo = Lysefjorden - Man standing on Preikestolen.JPG | photo_size = | photo_caption = Preikestolen besides Lysefjorden | elevation_m = 604 | prominence_m = | isolation_km = | range = | parent_peak = | topo = {{M711|1313 III Lyngsvatnet}} | type = Granite | age = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = | listing = | location = Rogaland, Norway | map = Rogaland | map_alt = Map of the location | map_caption = Location in Rogaland | label = Preikestolen | label_position = bottom | coordinates = {{coord|58|59|10|N|06|11|19|E|region:NO_type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} }} Preikestolen or Prekestolen ({{lang-en|«Preacher's Pulpit», «Preacher’s Chair» or «Pulpit Rock'»}}) is a tourist attraction in the municipality of Forsand in Rogaland county, Norway. Preikestolen is a steep cliff which rises {{convert|604|m}} above the Lysefjorden. Atop the cliff, there is an almost flat top of approximately {{convert|25|x|25|m}}. It sits on the north side of the fjord, opposite the Kjerag plateau, located on the south side. Tourism at the site has been increasing in the early 21st century, with between 150,000 and 200,000 visitors in 2012,[1] making it one of the most visited natural tourist attractions in Norway. BASE jumpers often leap from the cliff. Due to its increased popularity, there is currently{{when|date=December 2018}} a project under way to improve the path to the site, which is only accessible via a {{convert|3.8|km|adj=on}} long hike. NameThe old local name of the site is Hyvlatonnå ({{lang-en|Planed Tooth}}). The name Prekestolen (without the i) was coined around the year 1900 when the local tourist organisation, {{Interlanguage link multi|Stavanger Turistforening|no}} wanted to promote the site for trekking. The "i" was added later to concord with Nynorsk, the official local form of Norwegian, and the site is now known both locally and officially as "Preikestolen." AccessPreikestolen is located in the southern part of the Ryfylke district in Rogaland county in Western Norway. The city of Stavanger, the fourth largest in Norway, with a number of direct flights between European cities, is located {{convert|25|km}} from the site, and the parking facility for Preikestolen is located about one hour from Stavanger by ferry and car. Access to Preikestolen from Stavanger is via the Norwegian National Road 13 (Rv13) and the ferry from Tau. From the south, access is by the Rv13 through Sandnes via the ferry from Lauvvika to Oanes. The road is usually open and the ferries running year-round. However, due to snow, it is not always possible to do the hike to the top in the winter.[1] The road to the site ends in the municipality of Strand, just south of the town of Jørpeland at a parking facility at the Preikestolen Fjellstue, with a trail extending from the parking facility to the site. A round-trip hike to Preikestolen from the closest car park takes about 3–4 hours for someone of average fitness.[2] The walk to Preikestolen is very steep in places. The path starts at the Preikestolhytta, at an elevation of approximately {{convert|270|m}} above sea level, and climbs to {{convert|604|m}}. The hike takes 1–3 hours depending on traffic along the trail, experience, and fitness level. Even though the elevation differential is only {{convert|334|m}} and the walk is not particularly long, about {{convert|3.8|km}} each way, the total elevation gain and loss over the course of the hike is more than one might initially expect, as the path climbs and descends various ridges. The walk is more difficult in winter and spring when there is snow and ice, and alternative access is available via a tourist ferry from {{Interlanguage link multi|Lauvvik|nl}} to Lysebotn that passes beneath the Pulpit Rock.{{fact|date=December 2018}} Another alternative is to sail through the Lysefjorden, with trips running year-round. Outside of summer, the weather may be wet and cold, and clouds may obstruct views of the cliff.{{fact|date=December 2018}} The ship stops at several small docks on the way in and out, including a layover at the end of the Lysefjorden at the village of Lysebotn.[3][4] Improvement projectIn early April 2013, a project started to improve the path up to Preikestolen as the old one was so small that it often caused "delays", and at some points on the path it was sometimes impossible to get through. By August 2014, the path was completed.{{fact|date=December 2018}} Access to the plateau was improved, and traffic on the way up and down is now much less delayed because of bottlenecks.{{fact|date=December 2018}} SafetyThe authorities have opted not to install fencing or other safety devices as they felt it would detract from the site and the fact that fatalities at the site are extremely rare, despite having approximately 200,000 visitors each year.[5] Furthermore, there were concerns that fences or other devices might encourage dangerous behavior such as climbing onto the fences. It is a policy from Norwegian authorities that "we cannot fence in all nature in this country".{{Cn|date=January 2018}} Up until 2013 there had been no accidental fatalities at the site. However, there were previously suicides and suicide attempts. In February 2000, an Austrian woman and a Norwegian man committed a joint suicide by jumping together off the cliff after meeting on the internet and forming a suicide pact.[6] In October 2004, a young German couple were on their way to the cliff to commit suicide but were stopped by the Norwegian authorities before being able to carry out the act.[7] In fall 2013, a Spanish tourist became the first person to die from what was originally ruled to be an accident;[8] however, right after the accident, a suicide note was posted on his Facebook account [9] indicating that the incident was in fact a suicide .[10] NatureGeologyThe cliff was formed during the ice age, approximately 10,000 years ago, when the edges of the glacier reached the cliff. The water from the glacier froze in the crevices of the mountain and eventually broke off large, angular blocks, which were later carried away with the glacier. This is the cause of the angular shape of the plateau. Along the plateau itself there continues to be a deep crack. Due to these cracks, the plateau will at some point fall down, but all the geological investigations have revealed that this will not happen in the foreseeable future, and geologists have confirmed the safety of the plateau.[11] ClimateAlong the fjord there is a mild and humid coastal climate.[12] Surrounding landscapeThe cliff overlooks the valleys of the Ryfylke region. The mountains surrounding the cliff reach heights of up to {{convert|843|m}}. Some of the hilltops have plains which are interspersed with lakes. Nearby, close to the bottom of the Lysefjorden, is the {{convert|1110|m|adj=on}} tall mountain Kjerag which is also a hiking destination. Some tourists elect to forego trips to Preikestolen and go to Kjerag instead.{{fact|date=December 2018}} Trivia
Gallery==See also== {{portal|Norway}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://nextstopnorway.com/the-pulpit-rock/|title=Top Hikes: The Pulpit Rock (Preikestolen)|work=NextStopNorway}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=Karlsen|first=Gard|url=http://gardkarlsen.com/preikestolen.htm|title=Trip to Preikestolen (Pulpit Rock)|date=May 2003|accessdate=2008-08-18}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.norled.no/Default.aspx?pageid=1182|title=Rogaland - Norled|work=norled.no}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rodne.no/no/sightseeing-2/lysefjordsightseeing/|title=Lysefjordsightseeing|work=Rødne Fjord Cruise}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nrk.no/rogaland/har-fryktet-fall-fra-preikestolen-1.11288826|title=– Vi har alltid fryktet at dette kunne skje|last=Knutsen|first=Håvard T.|author2=Stenberg, Inger Johanne|date=9 October 2013|publisher=NRK|language=Norwegian|accessdate=10 October 2013}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=5586471|title=Inngikk dødspakt|work=VG}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/2004/10/26/412475.html|title=Ville hoppe fra Prekestolen|work=dagbladet.no}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://travel.aol.co.uk/2013/10/10/tourist-first-to-die-fall-norway-pulpit-rock/|title=Spanish tourist first to die at Norway's Pulpit Rock - AOL Travel UK|author=Aol travel|work=AOL Travel UK}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://oleoslo.wordpress.com/2013/10/18/el-espanol-que-murio-en-preikestolen-era-un-suicida/|title=el espanol que murio en preikestolen era un suicida|work=wordpress.com}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fvn.no/nyheter/innenriks/Preikestolen-dodsfall-kan-ha-vart-planlagt-2486689.html|title=Preikestolen-dødsfall kan ha vært planlagt|work=fvn.no}} 11. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/reise/article4281222.ece|title=Kan Preikestolen falle ned?|last=Mikalsen|first=Knut-Erik|date=17 July 2012|publisher=Aftenposten|language=Norwegian|accessdate=23 July 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714003637/http://www.aftenposten.no/reise/article4281222.ece|archivedate=14 July 2012|df=}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.preikestolen-nasjonalpark.no/nor/Rapporten/Omraadebeskrivelse|title=Områdebeskrivelse|publisher=Preikestolen nasjonalpark|language=Norwegian|accessdate=23 July 2012}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.langeskov.foreningen-norden.dk/Langeskov%20afd.htm|title=Foreningen NORDEN, Langeskov.|accessdate=23 July 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130106094022/http://www.langeskov.foreningen-norden.dk/Langeskov%20afd.htm|archivedate=6 January 2013|df=}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenbladet.no/nyheter/okonomi/Selger-frisk-luft-fra-Preikestolen-pa-eBay-3976326.html?spid_rel=2|title=Selger frisk luft fra Preikestolen på eBay|work=Stavanger Aftenblad|accessdate=15 August 2016}} External links{{Commons category}}
4 : Landforms of Rogaland|Cliffs of Norway|Rock formations of Norway|Forsand |
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