| 词条 | Davidka Square |
| 释义 |
Davidka Square ({{lang-he-n| כיכר הדוידקה}}, Kikar HaDavidka) is a public square at the intersection of Jaffa Road, Street of the Prophets, and Kiach Street in Jerusalem, Israel. Its official name is Kikar Haherut ({{Hebrew|כיכר החירות}}, Freedom Square).[1][2] It features a small memorial to the Davidka, a homemade Israeli mortar used in the defense of Jerusalem and other cities during the 1948 War of Independence. Background{{main|Davidka}}In the early stages of the War of Independence, the Israeli army had no artillery other than a primitive, homemade mortar that was not accurate but that made a thunderous explosion.[2][3][4] The noise from this weapon – called the Davidka ("Little David") after its inventor, engineer David Leibovitch – often sent the enemy fleeing in panic.[2][7][5] Mistaking the Davidka's explosion for an atomic bomb, the Arabs abandoned the northern town of Safed.[6] The mortar was also used by the Harel Brigade in its defense of Jerusalem.[4] The Israeli army used the Davidka exclusively until July 1948, when it was able to acquire conventional artillery such as mountain howitzers, cannons and field guns.[7] MemorialIn 1956 the Jerusalem municipality commissioned a memorial to the Davidka designed by architect Asher Hiram.[1] A Davidka used by the Harel Brigade was mounted on a stone platform engraved with part of the verse from the Book of Kings: "I will defend this city, to save it" (2 Kings 19:34).[2][7] Two small, rounded projections on one side of the memorial and one larger protection on the other evoke the shape of the cap worn by Palmach soldiers.[8] On Israeli Fallen Soldiers and Victims of Terrorism Remembrance Day, city representatives lay wreaths on the Davidka in memory of the soldiers who died in defense of the city. RenovationDavidka Square is one of the few commercial squares in the city.[1] It is surrounded on three sides by shops, and opens on to Jaffa Road, a major commercial artery. For decades it stood as a dreary, gray corner.[9] In 2009,[1] when work on the Jerusalem Light Rail project necessitated extensive infrastructure and redesign work on all three squares on Jaffa Road – the others being Tzahal Square near the Old City walls and Zion Square[10] – the Jerusalem municipality hired Mexican architect Ricardo Legorreta to renovate Davidka Square.[1] Legorreta's plan enlarged the area designated for pedestrians and greenery to {{convert|99.486|sqft}}. He paved the square with reddish stones and added a blue trench as a "water element". To emphasize the historical importance of the site, Legorretta also designed elements on a double scale. These include a wall measuring {{convert|18|m}} high and {{convert|9|m}} wide, covered by red ceramic plaques, allowing the square "to be identified from far away" and stone columns {{convert|4.5|m}} in height that function as "vertical lamps" during the night.[11] The standout design elements generated controversy among Jerusalem residents when they were first proposed.[1] A public protest led by the Lemallah grassroots citizens watch group, which produced a YouTube video, circulated a petition, and brought protesters to city planning meetings, nixed the red wall installation.[12] In 2011 the Abraham Hostel opened in Davidka Square[13] which was ranked 8th best large hostel in the world by HostelWorld.com.[14] Other Davidka memorialsAnother Davidka memorial stands a few meters south of Safed's Town Hall, opposite the old British police station.[15][16] The memorial, established on 29 April 1956 and renovated in the 2000s, includes an engraved stone marker and an audio information post relating information about the liberation of Safed in both Hebrew and English, along with seating for tour groups. Every year on Israel's Remembrance Day, the city conducts a wreath-laying ceremony here.[17] A Davidka also stands on display at the Beit Hativat Givati Museum in Metzudat Yoav.[18] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/the-mexican-s-magic-hat-1.267504 |last=Zandberg |first=Esther |title=The Mexican's Magic Hat |work=Haaretz |date=6 January 2009 |accessdate=30 March 2011}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yqXXD_74yAEC&pg=PA145&dq=davidka+square&hl=en&ei=gkuSTbH-Bo3d4gaV8_WiAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=davidka%20square&f=false |title=The Streets of Jerusalem: Who, What, Why |last=Eisenberg |first=Ronald |date=30 September 2006 |publisher=Devora Publishing |isbn=978-1-932687-54-5|pages=145–146}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.machal.org.il/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=233&Itemid=321&lang=en |last=Brecker |first=S. Michael |title=Extracts from my Memoirs as a Volunteer in Israel’s War of Independence, 1948 – 1949|accessdate=30 March 2011 |publisher=World Machal}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.onejerusalem.org/2009/06/congratulations-caroline-glick.php |title= Congratulations Caroline Glick Defender of Jerusalem |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=30 March 2011 |publisher=One Jerusalem}} 5. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=lEqTTdH1F-SJ4gao45muAg&ct=result&id=3cxtAAAAMAAJ&dq=davidka+harel+siege+jerusalem&q=davidka |title=History of the War of Independence: The first invasion |last1=Milstein |first1=Uri |last2=Sacks |first2=Alan |page=148 |publisher=University Press of America |year=1998 |isbn=0-7618-0769-1|quote=The Jews have an atom bomb, word raced through the Arab settlements. An Arab information agency reported the use of 'artillery and other secret weapons in the Jewish attack on Abu-Kabir.'}} 6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xkcxAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA73&sig=ACfU3U2-7hNZHk4i46wWZper1xBzW_rhSg&q=atomic |title= The Faithful City: The siege of Jerusalem, 1948 |last=Joseph |first=Bernard |page=73 |year=1960 |publisher=Simon & Schuster|quote=Its effect on the Arabs was sometimes considerable, notably at Safad, where they mistook it for an atomic weapon when they abandoned the city.}} 7. ^{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=UlSSTbTnGYvo4ga94Y2VAg&ct=result&id=KnfxAAAAMAAJ&dq=davidka+square&q=fond+weapons |title=The American Zionist, Volumes 55-57 |publisher=Zionist Organization of America |pages=24–25 |year=1965}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=166738 |title= Rehov Hanevi'im – Around the houses |last=Bar-Am |first=Aviva |date=25 January 2010 |accessdate=30 March 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-188515058.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105195937/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-188515058.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=5 November 2012|title= Kikar Davidka's Vibrant Revival |last=Zohar |first=Gil |date=31 December 2010 |work=The Jerusalem Post |accessdate=30 March 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishindependent.ca/archives/Dec06/archives06Dec29-08.html |title=Central Jerusalem Gets Facelift |last=Lichtman |first=Gail |date=29 December 2006 |accessdate=30 March 2011 |publisher=Jewish Independent |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719031015/http://www.jewishindependent.ca/archives/Dec06/archives06Dec29-08.html |archivedate=19 July 2011 |df= }} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legorretalegorreta.com/lego_new/english/proyectos_detalle.php?id=96 |title=Master Plan: Davidka Square |accessdate=30 March 2011 |publisher=Legorretta + Legorretta |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107203816/http://www.legorretalegorreta.com/lego_new/english/proyectos_detalle.php?id=96 |archivedate=7 November 2007 |df= }} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://lemallah.org/accomplishments|title=Our Accomplishments|publisher=Lemallah.org|date=21 January 2012|accessdate=12 March 2014}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/leader-of-the-backpack-1.360216|title=Leader of the backpack|first=Ronit|last=Vered |date=6 May 2011 |accessdate=17 February 2013|work=Haaretz}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Abraham Hostel ranks among world's best|url=http://www.haaretz.com/travel-in-israel/abraham-hostel-ranks-among-world-s-best.premium-1.506490|date=1 May 2013}} 15. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRc9ea_CKOUC&pg=RA1-PA242&dq=davidka+safed&hl=en&ei=3mGSTf79HsrA4gaZj_m3Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=davidka%20safed&f=false |title=Israel and the Palestinian Territories: The rough guide |page=242 |last=Jacobs |first=Daniel |date=September 1998 |publisher=Rough Guides, Ltd. |isbn=1-85828-248-9}} 16. ^{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=K_vDAu6UoSwC&pg=PA277&dq=davidka+safed&hl=en&ei=amWSTeDjNJHx4QbJwqi9Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=davidka%20safed&f=false |title=Israel & the Palestinian Territories |last1=Kohn |first1=Michael |last2=Assaf |first2=Roxane |last3=Rafael |first3=Miriam |last4=Thomas |first4=Amelia|page=277 |publisher=Lonely Planet |date=1 March 2007 |isbn=978-1-86450-277-0}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.safed.co.il/davidka-monument.html |title=The Davidka Monument |publisher=safed.co.il |accessdate=30 March 2011 |year=2009}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.davidpride.com/Israel/Givati_07.htm |title=Davidka Mortar |year=2011 |accessdate=30 March 2011|publisher=David Pride}} External links
5 : Squares in Jerusalem|Monuments and memorials in Israel|Jaffa Road|Street of the Prophets, Jerusalem|Ricardo Legorreta buildings |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。