| 词条 | David Paulides |
| 释义 |
Early life and careerIn his online biography page, Paulides states that he received his undergraduate and graduate degrees from the University of San Francisco, and in 1977 he began a 20-year career in law enforcement, transferring in 1980 to the San Jose Police Department, working in the patrol division on the SWAT Team, patrol, and Street Crimes Unit, and a variety of assignments in the detective division.[1] In 2011, Paulides received approval for a deferred vesting status totaling 16.5 years of service for his time with the San Jose Police Department.[2] InvestigationsAfter leaving the police force, Paulides wrote books on the topic of Bigfoot, as well as on the disappearances of people in national parks and elsewhere which he attributes to unspecified, unknown causes. Bigfoot or Sasquatch{{Main|Bigfoot}}In his pursuit of Bigfoot, Paulides self-published two Bigfoot-related books[5] and created the research group[3] called "North America Bigfoot Search"[4] for which he serves as director.[5] Paulides has said North America Bigfoot Search was instrumental in the genesis of a paper published in 2013, which claimed that Bigfoot was real: "The world needs to understand that North America Bigfoot Search was the organizer of the study. We orchestrated the search that led to picking Dr. Ketchum to conduct a study of bigfoot DNA."[6] The resulting paper documented the analysis of 111 samples of hypothesized Bigfoot DNA and was written by eleven different authors.[5] On November 24, 2012, DNA Diagnostics, a veterinary laboratory headed by Ketchum, issued a press release prior to peer review claiming that their DNA sequencing study confirmed the existence of a hominin hybrid cross between modern humans with an unknown primate.[5] Shortly after publication two months later in the inaugural issue of DeNovo: Journal of Science,[5] the paper was analyzed by Sharon Hill of Doubtful News for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Hill's report concluded that the paper was of poor quality, stating that "The few experienced geneticists who viewed the paper reported a dismal opinion of it, noting it made little sense."[5] The Scientist magazine also analyzed the paper, reporting that the analyses and data fail to support the claims of existence of a human-primate hybrid, but rather, "analyses either come back as 100 percent human, or fail in ways that suggest technical artifacts."[7] The website for the DeNovo Journal of Science {{sic|was setup}} on February 4, and there is no indication that Ketchum's work, the only study it has published, was peer reviewed.[7] The paper failed to influence the scientific consensus that Bigfoot is a combination of folklore, hoax, and misidentification of animals, particularly black bears.[8][9][10]{{Anchor|PaulidesMissing411}}Missing 411Following his work on Bigfoot, Paulides' next project was Missing 411, a series of self-published books and a documentary, documenting unsolved cases of people who have gone missing in national parks and elsewhere. According to Paulides, his work on this subject began when he was doing research in a national park and an off-duty park ranger found him and expressed concern about the questionable nature of some of the missing person cases which occurred in the parks. The ranger knew Paulides' background and requested for him to research the issue.[11] Paulides obliged, and asserts that he uncovered multiple lines of evidence suggesting negligence on the part of the park service in failing to locate the missing people.[12] He broadened his investigation to include missing people from across the world, and this led to his belief that he has uncovered a mysterious series of worldwide disappearances, which defied logical and conventional explanations.[13][14] {{as of|2018}}, Paulides has written eight books on this topic. According to A Sobering Coincidence, he does not yet have a theory on what is causing the disappearances, although he indicates that the "field of suspects is narrowing." Paulides advised his readers to go outside of their normal comfort zone to determine who (or what) is the culprit.[15][16]The interest in the book series prompted the creation of a documentary based on the Missing 411 books; this film was released in 2017. Kyle Polich, a data scientist and host of the Data Skeptic podcast,[17] documented his analysis of Paulides' claims in the article "Missing411"[18] and presented his analysis to a SkeptiCamp held in 2017 by the Monterey County Skeptics.[19][20] He concluded that the allegedly unusual disappearances represent nothing unusual at all, and are instead best explained by non-mysterious causes such as falling or sudden health crises leading to a lone person becoming immobilized off-trail, drowning, bear (or other animal) attack, environmental exposure, or even deliberate disappearance. After a thorough analysis of the missing person data, Polich summarized that these cases are not "outside the frequency that one would expect, or that there is anything unexplainable that I was able to identify."[21] This presentation was discussed in a February 2017 article in Skeptical Inquirer, a publication of the CSI. In the article, Susan Gerbic reported "Paulides ... gave no reason for these disappearances but finds odd correlations for them. For example, two women missing in different years both had names starting with an "A" with three-letters, Amy and Ann.[20] Polich concluded in his analysis: "I've exhausted my exploration for anything genuinely unusual. After careful review, to me, not a single case stands out nor do the frequencies involved seem outside of expectations."[22] BooksBigfoot
Missing 411 Series
Documentaries
References1. ^{{cite web |title=David Paulides Bio |url=http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread972658/pg1/ |date=24 September 2013 |publisher=AboveTopSecret.com}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Board Meeting Notes (June 2, 2011)|url=https://www.sjretirement.com/Uploads/PF/Minutes%20-%20June%202011%20(Signed).pdf|website=SJretirement.com|accessdate=7 February 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Johnston|first1=Scott D.|title='Sasquatch Summit' brings Bigfoot believers to the beach|url=http://www.thedailyworld.com/life/sasquatch-summit-brings-bigfoot-believers-to-the-beach/|publisher=The Daily World|accessdate=8 February 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nabigfootsearch.com/home.html|website=NAbigfootsearch.com|title=Home Page|accessdate=7 February 2017}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|last1=Hill|first1=Sharon|authorlink = Sharon A. Hill|title=The Ketchum Project: What to Believe about Bigfoot DNA 'Science' (Spring 2013)|url=http://www.csicop.org/sb/show/the_ketchum_project_what_to_believe_about_bigfoot_dna_science|website=CSICOP.org|publisher=Center for Inquiry|accessdate=7 February 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Paulides|first1=David|title=Blog #188|url=http://www.nabigfootsearch.com/bigfootblog.html|website=NAbigfootsearch.com|accessdate=8 February 2017}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Cossins|first1=Dan|title=Bigfoot DNA is Bunk|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/34395/title/Bigfoot-DNA-is-Bunk/|website=The Scientist|access-date=February 8, 2017|date=February 15, 2013}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.csicop.org/si/show/mysterious_entities_of_the_pacific_northwest_part_i/ |title=Investigative Files: Mysterious Entities of the Pacific Northwest, Part I |first=Joe |last=Nickell |date=January 2007 |access-date=October 20, 2009 |publisher=Skeptical Inquirer}} 9. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20100524154832/http://www.sdnhm.org/fieldguide/mammals/bearsign.html Bear signs], San Diego Natural History Museum. 10. ^Daegling 2004, pp. 62–63. 11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/why-are-people-vanishing-from-u-s-national-parks.htm|title=Hundreds Have Vanished from National Parks. Is Bigfoot to Blame?|date=2017-09-26|work=HowStuffWorks|access-date=2018-11-29|language=en}} 12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2012/03/12/los-gatos-author-explores-missing-411-from-national-parks/|title=Los Gatos author explores ‘Missing 411’ from national parks|date=2012-03-12|work=The Mercury News|access-date=2018-11-29|language=en-US}} 13. ^{{cite book|last=Paulides|first=David|date=2011|title=Missing 411 Western United States and Canada|location=North Charleston, South Carolina|publisher=CreateSpace|page=ix–x|isbn=1466216298}} 14. ^{{cite web|last1=Marsh|first1=Roger|title=Missing Person Cases: Never Be Last in Line|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/roger-marsh/missing-person-cases-neve_b_3984127.html|publisher=The Huffington Post|accessdate=19 August 2014}} 15. ^{{cite book|last=Paulides|first=David|date=2014|title=Missing 411 The Devil's in the Detail|location=North Charleston, South Carolina|publisher=CreateSpace|page=xiii|isbn=1495246426}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.8newsnow.com/story/18150329/i-team|title=I-Team: Strange Circumstances Surround Park Disappearances|publisher=Las Vegas 8 News NOW|date=2012-05-04|accessdate=2014-08-16}} 17. ^{{cite web|last1=Polich|first1=Kyle|title=Dataskeptic: Podcasts|url=https://dataskeptic.com/podcast|website=Dataskeptic.com|publisher=Data Skeptic|accessdate=22 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922213318/https://dataskeptic.com/podcast|archivedate=22 September 2017|dead-url=no}} 18. ^{{cite web|last1=Polich|first1=Kyle|title=Missing411|url=https://dataskeptic.com/blog/skeptical-analysis/2017/missing411|website=Dataskeptic.com}} 19. ^{{cite web|last1=Taylor|first1=Dennis|title=Skeptics take on God, psychics, even science|url=http://www.montereyherald.com/science/20150103/skeptics-take-on-god-psychics-even-science|work=Monterey Herald|accessdate=9 January 2017}} 20. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Gerbic|first1=Susan|authorlink = Susan Gerbic|title=Local Skeptical Outreach & Activism: Monterey County SkeptiCamp (Feb. 3, 2017)|url=http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/mcs_skepticamp|website=CSICOP.org|publisher=The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry|accessdate=11 February 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=MCS SkeptiCamp 2017 – Kyle Polich – Frontiers in Woo|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQhv3dEMFOc|website=Youtube.com|publisher=Monterey County Skeptics|accessdate=9 January 2017}} 22. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Polich|first1=Kyle|title=An Investigation of the Missing411 Conspiracy|journal=Skeptical Inquirer|date=August 2017|volume=41|issue=4|page=54}} 23. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/hoopa-project-david-paulides/1111911940?ean=9780888396532 |title=Hoopa Project: Bigfoot Encounters in California}} 24. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/missing-411-eastern-united-states-david-paulides/1110790245?ean=9781468012620 |title=Missing 411- Eastern United States: Unexplained Disappearances of North Americans That Have Never Been Solved}} External links
17 : 20th-century births|Place of birth missing (living people)|Year of birth missing (living people)|Living people|20th-century American people|21st-century American non-fiction writers|American conspiracy theorists|American male non-fiction writers|American municipal police officers|American police detectives|American writers on paranormal topics|Bigfoot|People from Fremont, California|People from San Jose, California|Self-published authors|University of San Francisco alumni|Writers from California |
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