| 词条 | David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust |
| 释义 |
| name = David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust | image = | caption = | founder = Daphne Sheldrick | type = | tax_id = | registration_id = | founded_date = 1977 | location = Nairobi, Kenya | coordinates = | origins = | key_people = | area_served = East Africa | products = | services = | focus = Elephant conservation | mission = Help orphaned elephants | method = Work together to save elephants from being extinct | revenue = | endowment = | num_volunteers = | num_employees = | num_members = | subsid = | owner = | motto = | former name = | homepage = http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/ | dissolved = | footnotes = }} The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust operates the world’s most successful orphan elephant rescue and rehabilitation program and is one of the pioneering conservation organisations for wildlife and habitat protection in East Africa. Mission“The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust embraces all measures that complement the conservation, preservation and protection of wildlife. These include anti-poaching, safe guarding the natural environment, enhancing community awareness, addressing animal welfare issues, providing veterinary assistance to animals in need, rescuing and hand rearing elephant and rhino orphans, along with other species that can ultimately enjoy a quality of life in wild terms when grown.”[1] The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust works closely with the Kenya Wildlife Service, the Kenya Forest Service and local communities to achieve their long term goal to secure safe havens for wildlife, through the effective management and protection of key ecosystems and wilderness areas in Kenya. HistoryThe David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust was founded in 1977 by Dr. Dame Daphne Sheldrick DBE, in honour of the memory of her late husband, famous naturalist and founding Warden of Tsavo East National Park, David Leslie William Sheldrick MBE. For over 25 years Kenya-born Daphne Sheldrick lived and worked alongside David, during which time they raised and successfully rehabilitated many wild species. Daphne Sheldrick’s involvement with wildlife has spanned a lifetime, and she is now a recognised international authority on the rearing of wild creatures and is the first person to have perfected the milk formula and necessary husbandry for infant milk-dependent elephants and rhinos. Since the death of her husband, Daphne and her family have lived and worked in the Nairobi National Park where they have built the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust and its pioneering Orphans’ Project. Foster programThe David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust operates a [https://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/asp/fostering.asp digital foster program] which allows individuals across the world to support their field projects by fostering an orphaned elephant, rhino or giraffe in their care for themselves or as a gift. For a suggested donation of $50 per orphan per year, individuals receive via email: a personalised certificate, an interactive map, monthly update on the progress of their orphan and a watercolour by CEO Angela Sheldrick.[2] All elephant, rhino and giraffe orphans rescued by the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust are available to [https://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/asp/fostering.asp foster], including those orphans living back in the wild, and proceeds benefit the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust’s conservation projects. VisitingThe David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust’s Elephant Orphanage is located in Nairobi National Park, Kenya and is open to the public for one hour every day, excluding 25 December, from 11{{nbsp}}am to noon. During this time the orphans arrive for their midday mud bath and feeding. Entrance to the orphanage for the visiting hour requires minimum contribution of $7 US dollars / 500 Kenya shillings per person. A gift shop is on site and visitors can also set up a fostering during their visit.[3] Conservation projectsOrphans projectOn call every day of the year, the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust travels throughout Kenya to rescue orphaned elephants and rhinos left alone with no hope of survival. Many of the orphans rescued are victims of poaching and human-wildlife conflict and are in a terrible state of emaciation and distress.[4] After each orphan rescue, the long and complex process of rehabilitation begins at the DSWT’s Nursery nestled within the Nairobi National Park. For milk-dependent elephant calves it is here, during this crucial phase, where they are cared for and healed both emotionally and physically by the DSWT’s dedicated team of elephant Keepers who take on the role and responsibility of becoming each orphan’s adopted family during their rehabilitation.[5] Each elephant remains at the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust’s Nursery in Nairobi National Park until they are ready to make the journey to one of three rehabilitation stockades at Voi or Ithumba in Tsavo East National Park , or at their Umani Springs Reintegration Unit. This second phase of rehabilitation can span a period of up to ten years as the orphaned elephants gradually transition back into the wild herds of Tsavo, taken at a pace determined by each individual elephant. To date, the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust has successfully hand-raised over 200 infant elephants and reintegrated over 100 orphaned elephants back into the wild herds of Tsavo National Park. More than 25 wild born calves have been born to orphaned elephants raised in their care, living back in the wild. Anti-poaching teamsTo combat ivory, bushmeat and rhino horn poaching, which are devastating wildlife populations, the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust operates fully equipped Anti-Poaching Units in partnership with the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS[6]). By March 2017, the DSWT/KWS Units had made more than 2,800 arrests and removed in excess of 140,000 snares. Ten Units protect the greater Tsavo Conservation Area covering a vast 60,000km2, whilst one fully mobile unit is operating throughout the country where it is needed the most. These fully trained frontline teams, accompanied by armed KWS Rangers, are equipped with vehicles, camping equipment, radios, GPS units and cameras, patrolling daily to combat elephant and rhino poaching as well as the threat of bushmeat snaring.[7] Supporting these vital ground teams is a Rapid Response Anti-Poaching Unit operated by armed KWS rangers selected from the Service’s top field recruits. Canine UnitThe David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust operates a specialist Canine Unit with three Belgian Malinois who have been trained to track and detect illegal wildlife products such as ivory, rhino horn and bush meat as well as guns and ammunition.[8] The three canines are deployed to support the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust’s anti-poaching efforts and are accompanied by six fully trained handlers. Aerial surveillanceSupporting the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust’s ground efforts is an Aerial Unit, which includes six aircraft and a helicopter, all of which are active in the field throughout the Tsavo ecosystem as well as within the Lamu District. Daily, the Aerial Unit takes part in security patrols and provides support to search and veterinary intervention for injured elephants and wildlife, as well as search and rescue operations for orphaned elephant calves and wildlife emergencies.[9] Aerial reconnaissance is a vital tool in the effective prevention of illegal activities and the DSWT’s combination of active ground teams and an ‘eye in the sky’ have resulted in many successes in preventing poaching attacks, apprehending poaching offenders and recovering tusks, whilst saving the lives of many injured elephants and other wildlife species due to poaching incidents.[10] Mobile Veterinary UnitsThe David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust operates four fully equipped Mobile Veterinary Units and a Sky Vet initiative headed by Kenya Wildlife Service Vets to alleviate the suffering of injured wild animals. All four units are equipped with custom-made vehicles, darting hatches, equipment shelves, a fridge, an operating table and necessary medicines and equipment required for rapid and effective veterinary response to any cases. The Tsavo Mobile Veterinary Unit based at the KWS Voi Headquarters, covers an extensive area including the greater Tsavo Conservation Area as well as the Chyulu Hills National Park and the Shimba Hills National Reserve.[11] The Mara Mobile Veterinary Unit covers the Masai Mara National Reserve, the adjacent Mara Triangle, neighbouring community areas, as well as the Lake Naivasha and Nakuru areas within the Rift Valley; when needed the unit also operates as far West as Ruma National Park and Lake Victoria.[12] The Meru Mobile Veterinary Unit operates out of Meru National Park and provides permanent veterinary support to the larger Meru ecosystem consisting of Meru National Park, Bisanadi National Park and Kora National Reserve, including all wildlife dispersal areas around the Eastern Conservation Area, whilst also extending its services into additional parks and reserves in the Northern Conservation Area.[13] The Amboseli Mobile Veterinary Unit operates out of Amboseli National Park and services the Southern Conservation Area encompassing Kajiado, Namanga, Magadi, Lake Natron as well as the Southern Tsavo West area including Lake Jipe, an ecosystem famous for large number of elephants.[14] The Sky Vet initiative funds and coordinates the deployment of KWS vets to emergency wildlife cases throughout Kenya by air and is a vital addition to the DSWT’s veterinary program. Between Sky Vets and the four units over 1,500 wild elephants have been assisted and the lives of countless other species have been saved.[15] FencingWith agriculture and human settlement encroaching into wildlife habitats, disrupting migratory routes and protected boundaries, the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust has been erecting and maintaining hundreds of kilometres of fencelines to limit this growing conflict over natural resources.[16] Water provision for wildlifeWith limited rainfall in the arid Tsavo Conservation Area, which in recent years has shown a drastic decline, arid areas such as Tsavo and Lamu are first to suffer from prolonged drought. To address this threat to the wildlife within these habitats, the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust has built 14 boreholes and windmills to enhance the dry season productivity, as well as instigating temporary water-relief programs to relieve suffering.[17] Saving habitatsBy securing Public-Private Partnerships with the Kenya Forest Service and Community Group Ranches, the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust is safeguarding unique and endangered wild habitats. Tsavo Conservation AreaThe Trust owns 4,000 acres of land adjoining the Tsavo East National Park. This land, known as the Peregrine Conservation Area, is prime wildlife habitat and also serves as the DSWT field headquarters, providing support for all of the Trust’s Tsavo-based projects. Kibwezi ForestIn partnership with the Kenya Forest Service, the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust has embarked on conserving and sustaining the environment in the Kibwezi Forest. The Kibwezi Forest, one of Kenya’s last remaining groundwater woodlands, is a unique ecosystem bordering the Chyulu Hills National Park and an exceptional biodiversity hotspot providing a habitat for a number of wildlife species, including the African elephant as well as an impressive collection of rare and endemic mammals, birds, reptiles, butterflies, invertebrates and fish.[18] Conservation and protection programs in the area include natural resource management, anti-poaching patrols as well as the construction and maintenance of electrically fenced boundaries, ensuring the steady rehabilitation of the area whilst safeguarding the local communities and their livelihoods from wildlife damage. Other conservation activities taking place within the Kibwezi Forest include the monitoring of water extraction, fire control, invasive species control and key habitat and endangered species management, whilst providing benefits to the local communities through sustainable resource utilisation, education and tourism.[19] Community OutreachFor more than 15 years, the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust has operated a community outreach project, working to improve the livelihoods and educational standards of people living along the borders of Kenya’s National Parks and protected areas through the introduction of community initiatives and local employment.[20] Their initiatives include: - Free field trips throughout the year into Tsavo East and West National Parks for schools living on the Parks borders.- Tree Planting Programs. The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust has developed three mature tree nurseries, producing thousands of saplings, which are distributed to local communities and schools, encouraging families and children to plant, nurture and protect their trees and forested areas to instil a better understanding of the value of their natural resources.- Wildlife Film showings to local communities.[21]- Beehive fence lines. Since 2015, the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust has been working with local communities inhabiting the north-western border of Tsavo East, to erect a 2.6 km long elephant-beehive fence with 131 beehives on seven forefront farms bordering the park.[22]- Funding of local radio programs in a variety of local languages, which promote wildlife education and feature DSWT field members speaking about their work and experiences.[23]Notes1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/about_us.asp|title=About The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust: A Haven for Elephants and Rhinos|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/asp/fostering.asp|title=Adopt an Elephant Orphan - David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust|last=Trust|first=David Sheldrick Wildlife|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/asp/faq.asp#visiting|title=The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust - FAQ|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/davidsheldrickwildlifetrust/docs/dswt_overview_brochure_2015|title=DSWT Overview Brochure|work=issuu |access-date=2017-03-31}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/html/raiseorphan.htm|title=Raising Elephant Orphans|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/davidsheldrickwildlifetrust/docs/dswt_overview_brochure_2015|title=DSWT Overview Brochure|work=issuu|access-date=2017-03-31}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/desnaring/index_new.asp|title=The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust: Antipoaching|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/updates/updates.asp?Rhino=&ID=921|title=The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust Updates|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/davidsheldrickwildlifetrust/docs/dswt_overview_brochure_2015|title=DSWT Overview Brochure|work=issuu|access-date=2017-03-31}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/aerialreports/index.asp|title=Aerial Surveillance in Kenya - The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/mobilevet/index_new.asp#unit-1|title=The Mobile Veterinary Unit in Kenya - The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/mobilevet/index_new.asp#unit-2|title=The Mobile Veterinary Unit in Kenya - The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/mobilevet/index_new.asp#unit-3|title=The Mobile Veterinary Unit in Kenya - The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/mobilevet/index_new.asp#unit-4|title=The Mobile Veterinary Unit in Kenya - The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/skyvets/index.asp|title=Sky Vets - The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/html/2016.html|title=2016 Newsletter - The David Sheldrick Wildlife trust|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/html/water_appeal.html|title=The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust - World Water Day|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/html/savinghabitats.html|title=Elephants and Rhino Conservation|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/davidsheldrickwildlifetrust/docs/dswt_overview_brochure_2015|title=DSWT Overview Brochure|work=issuu|access-date=2017-03-31}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/asp/community_outreach.asp|title="The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust: A Haven for Elephants and Rhinos"|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/html/2016.html|title=2016 Newsletter - The David Sheldrick Wildlife trust|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/updates/updates.asp?Rhino=&ID=991|title=The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust Updates|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/asp/community_outreach.asp|title="The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust: A Haven for Elephants and Rhinos"|last=Inc.|first=Elehost Web Design|website=www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org|access-date=2017-03-31}} See also
References{{refbegin}}
| publisher = CBS News | credits = Bob Simon (Director) | title = Elephant Orphanage | work = 60 Minutes | date = 2006-04-09 | minutes = 14:19 | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=2294561n }}
| last = Siebert | first =Charles | title = Orphan Elephants | work = National Geographic | date = September 2011 | url = http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/09/orphan-elephants/siebert-text }}
| last = Jones | first = Gareth | title = Kenya: The Nairobi Elephants! | work = The Star | location = Nairobi | accessdate = 2012-09-24 | date = 2012-09-01 | url = http://allafrica.com/stories/201209020047.html }}{{refend}}
External links
6 : Wildlife conservation in Kenya|Elephant conservation organizations|Wildlife sanctuaries of Kenya|Protected areas established in 1977|Organizations established in 1977|Environmental organisations based in Kenya |
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