| 词条 | Present Laughter |
| 释义 |
Present Laughter is a comic play written by Noël Coward. The play's title comes from a song in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, which urges carpe diem ("present mirth hath present laughter"), and so the word present in the title should be pronounced as the adjective {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|z|ən|t}}, not the verb {{IPAc-en|p|r|ᵻ|ˈ|z|ɛ|n|t}}. The plot follows a few days in the life of the successful and self-obsessed light comedy actor Garry Essendine as he prepares to travel for a touring commitment in Africa. Amid a series of events bordering on farce, Garry has to deal with women who want to seduce him, placate both his long-suffering secretary and his estranged wife, cope with a crazed young playwright, and overcome his impending mid-life crisis (since he has recently turned forty). The story was described by Coward as "a series of semi-autobiographical pyrotechnics".[1] Coward starred as Garry Essendine in Present Laughter during the original run. Later productions have featured actors such as Clifton Webb, Nigel Patrick, Albert Finney, Donald Sinden, Peter O'Toole, Simon Callow, Victor Garber, Ian McKellen and Kevin Kline in the lead role. The play has enjoyed numerous revivals in Europe and North America – including a US tour in 1958 with Coward reprising the Essendine role. HistoryCoward wrote: "Present Laughter is a very light comedy and was written with the sensible object of providing me with a bravura part".[2] He completed the playscript (as well as the one for This Happy Breed) in 1939, before the outbreak of World War II, but did not produce the plays until 1942. Given the hero's repeated laments over his own ageing and mortality, the title can be seen as ironic. Coward acknowledged that the central character, the egocentric actor Garry Essendine, was a self-caricature.[3] Coward repeats one of his signature theatrical devices at the end of the play, where the main characters tiptoe out as the curtain falls – a device that he also used in Private Lives, Hay Fever and Blithe Spirit. Coward had served the British government in intelligence work in the early years of the war.[4] Winston Churchill advised Coward that he could do more for the war effort by entertaining the troops and the home front: "Go and sing to them when the guns are firing – that's your job!"[5] Though disappointed, Coward followed this advice. He toured, acted and sang indefatigably in Europe, Africa, Asia and America.[6] The play was first produced in Blackpool in September 1942, during Coward's wartime tour of Britain after he returned to the theatre.[7][8] Sets and costumes were designed by Gladys Calthrop.[9] The notices were excellent, with The Observer writing: "Mr Coward’s production is so inventive, and his own performance so adroit in its mockery of the vain, posturing, and yet self-scrutinising and self-amused matinee idol, that Present Laughter is likely to be future mirth for as long as Mr Coward cares to run it."[10] The Manchester Guardian added: "One is tempted to cast discretion to the winds and predict that this will be remembered as the best comedy of its kind and generation...one of those rare occasions when the critic must claim the privilege of his fellow-playgoers, simply to marvel, admire, and enjoy wholeheartedly."[11] Coward brought the play to the Haymarket Theatre, London, in April 1947, where The Times praised it as "a wittily impudent and neatly invented burlesque of a French farce."[12] Coward also played in a French translation, Joyeux Chagrins, in Paris in 1948.[13] The play is published in Methuen's Noël Coward: Collected Plays Volume Four. Original cast
UK revivalsThe play has been regularly revived. The first major West End revival was in 1965, with Nigel Patrick as Garry. The Times wrote: "plays as funny as this are no longer being written in England."[14] Notable successors in the role of Garry include Albert Finney (1977), Peter O'Toole (1978), Terrence Hardiman (1980), Donald Sinden (1981), Tom Conti (1993), Peter Bowles (1996), Ian McKellen (1998), David Threlfall (1998), Rik Mayall (2003), Simon Callow (2006), and Robert Bathurst (2009). The Royal National Theatre revived the play in 2007 and 2008 with Alex Jennings as Garry. As many of the star actors have been significantly older than the fortyish Garry when they played the part, the text has sometimes been changed to refer to his recent fiftieth birthday. In September 1956, a radio production was broadcast by the BBC with John Gielgud as Garry, Nora Swinburne as Liz and Mary Wimbush as Joanna. As part of Play of the Week in August 1964 four Coward plays directed and produced by Joan Kemp-Welch were transmitted on ITV, including Present Laughter, with Peter Wyngarde as Garry Essendine, Ursula Howells as Liz Essendine, Barbara Murray as Joanna Lyppiatt and James Bolam as Roland Maule.[15] In 1974, Paul Scofield broadcast the lead role for the BBC, with Fenella Fielding as Joanna, Patricia Routledge as Monica, Miriam Margolyes as Daphne, and Joy Parker (Scofield's real wife) as Liz. In April 2013, a radio adaptation directed by Celia de Wolff was broadcast on BBC Radio 4; it featured Samuel West as Garry, Freddie Fox as Roland, Susannah Harker as Joanna, Frances Barber as Monica, Janie Dee as Liz, Anthony Calf as Morris, Lily James as Daphne, Sarah Badel as Lady Saltburn, and Jonathan Coy as Henry. US productionsPresent Laughter was first staged in the United States on 29 October 1946 at the Plymouth Theatre on Broadway. It featured Clifton Webb as Garry. It closed in March 1947 after 158 performances. In 1958 Coward appeared in New York, San Francisco, and Los Angeles as Garry with Eva Gabor as Joanna.[16] In 1982 George C. Scott directed and starred in a revival at Circle in the Square Theatre, which featured the Broadway début of Nathan Lane as Roland Maule. It also featured Kate Burton as Daphne, Christine Lahti as Joanna, and Jim Piddock as Fred. It ran for 175 performances. A revival ran on Broadway at the Walter Kerr Theatre from 18 November 1996 to 20 April 1997 for 175 performances, with Frank Langella as Garry and Allison Janney as Liz. The director was Scott Elliot. The production was nominated for the 1997 Tony Award, Revival of a Play and Drama Desk Award, Revival.[17] The Oregon Shakespeare Festival presented the play in 2003 with Brent Harris as Garry and Kim Rhodes in the role of Daphne. A Broadway revival opened on 21 January 2010 at the American Airlines Theatre, presented by the Roundabout Theatre Company, featuring Victor Garber as Garry, Lisa Banes as Liz, and Harriet Harris as Monica.[18] A Broadway revival opened in April 2017 at the St. James Theatre, starring Kevin Kline as Garry, Kate Burton (who played Daphne in the 1982 revival) as Liz, Reg Rogers as Morris, Cobie Smulders as Joanna, and Kristine Nielsen as Monica, with direction by Moritz von Stuelpnagel. The production team included producer Jordan Roth, scenic design by David Zinn, costume design by Susan Hilferty, lighting design by Justin Townsend, sound design by Fitz Patton, and hair design by Josh Marquette.[19][20] PlotAll three acts of the play are set in Garry Essendine's London flat. Act IDaphne Stillington, a young admirer of the actor Garry Essendine, has inveigled herself into the flat and has spent the night there. Garry is still asleep, and while waiting for him to awaken, Daphne encounters in turn three employees of Garry, housekeeper (Miss Erikson), valet (Fred), and secretary (Monica). None of them displays any surprise at her presence. Garry finally wakes and with practised smoothness ushers Daphne out. Liz Essendine, who left Garry years ago, nevertheless remains part of his tightly-knit 'family' along with Monica and his manager, Morris Dixon, and producer, Henry Lyppiatt. Liz tells Garry that she suspects that Morris is having an affair with Henry's glamorous wife Joanna, and is concerned that this might break up the family. Their discussion is interrupted by the arrival of Roland Maule, an aspiring young playwright from Uckfield, whose play Garry has rashly agreed to critique. Liz leaves, and Roland rapidly becomes obsessively fascinated by Garry, who gets him off the premises as quickly as he can. Morris and Henry arrive and discuss theatrical business with Garry. Henry leaves for a business trip abroad, and Garry privately interrogates Morris, who denies that he is having an affair with Joanna. Garry telephones Liz to reassure her. Act II
Garry, alone in the flat, answers the doorbell to find Joanna. She claims (like Daphne in Act I) to have forgotten her own door key and asks Garry to accommodate her in his spare room. He correctly suspects her motives, but after much skirmishing allows himself to be seduced.
Joanna emerges from the spare room wearing Garry's pyjamas just as Daphne did in Act I. She too encounters Miss Erikson, Fred, and then Monica, who is horrified at her presence in such compromising circumstances. Liz arrives and puts pressure on Joanna by threatening to tell Morris that Joanna has spent the night with Garry. Joanna retreats to the spare room when the doorbell rings, but the caller is not Morris but Roland Maule, who says he has an appointment with Garry. Monica leads him to an adjacent room to wait for Garry. Frantic comings and goings follow, with the flustered arrivals and departures of Morris and Henry, Roland's pursuit of Garry, and the arrival of a Lady Saltburn, to whose niece Garry has promised an audition. The niece turns out to be Daphne Stillington, who recites the same Shelley poem with which he bade her farewell in Act I. Joanna flounces out from the spare room, Daphne faints with horror, Roland is entranced, and Garry is apoplectic. Act IIIA week later, on the eve of Garry's departure on tour in Africa, he is once more alone in the flat. The doorbell rings and Daphne enters saying she has a ticket to sail with him to Africa. The doorbell rings again, and Daphne retreats to an adjoining room. The new caller is Roland, who announces that he too has a ticket for the voyage to Africa. Garry tries to get him to leave, but as the doorbell rings a third time Roland bolts into the spare room and locks the door. The third caller is Joanna, who has also bought a ticket for the Africa voyage and has written a letter to Henry and Morris telling them everything. Liz arrives and saves the tottering situation, announcing that she too is travelling to Africa. Henry and Morris arrive and berate Garry for his night with Joanna. Garry fights back by revealing the details of Morris and Joanna's affair, and Henry's extramarital adventures. Joanna angrily slaps Garry's face and leaves for good. Her departure goes unnoticed because Garry, Henry and Morris have become embroiled in what for them is a much more serious row when it emerges that Henry and Morris have committed Garry to appear at what he considers a shockingly unsuitable theatre. Garry objects: "I will not play a light French comedy to an auditorium that looks like a Gothic edition of Wembley Stadium."[21] When that row has blown itself out, it is business as usual and Henry and Morris leave in good humour. Liz pours Garry a brandy and tells him she is not only going to Africa with him but is coming back to him for good. Garry suddenly remembers Daphne and Roland lurking in the adjoining rooms and tells Liz: "You're not coming back to me... I'm coming back to you",[22] and they tiptoe out. Autobiographical referencesIn the 1970s Peter Hall wrote "what a wonderful play it would be if – as Coward must have wanted – all those love affairs were about homosexuals".[23] Whether or not Coward would have agreed, in the 1940s the transformation of real-life gay relationships into onstage straight ones was essential. The play nevertheless contains many references to Coward's own life. Monica is "unmistakably Lorn Loraine",[24] Coward's long-serving and much-loved secretary. Morris has been seen as Coward's agent and sometime lover Jack Wilson, and Henry as Binkie Beaumont.[25] Liz, played originally by Joyce Carey, is thought to be based partly on the actress herself, who was a member of Coward's inner circle.[26] Notes1. ^Day, p. 527 2. ^Coward, unnumbered introductory page 3. ^Lahr, p. 34 4. ^Koch, Stephen. [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/13/books/review/Koch-t.html?_r=1&em&ex=1208059200&en=0bfd56b56c6f4c5b&ei=5087%0A&oref=slogin "The Playboy was a Spy"], The New York Times, 13 April 2008, accessed 4 January 2009 5. ^Morley, p. 246 6. ^"Light Entertainment", Time, 19 July 1954, accessed 4 January 2009 7. ^Koch, Stephen. [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/13/books/review/Koch-t.html?_r=1&em&ex=1208059200&en=0bfd56b56c6f4c5b&ei=5087%0A&oref=slogin "The Playboy was a Spy"], The New York Times, 13 April 2008, accessed 4 January 2009 8. ^The Observer, 20 September 1942, p. 2 9. ^"Gladys Calthrop", Who's Who in the Theatre, 10th edition (1947), Pitman 10. ^Brown, Ivor, The Observer, 2 May 1943, p. 2 11. ^The Manchester Guardian, 21 October 1942, p. 6 12. ^The Times, 23 June 1947, p. 6 13. ^Chronology, Noël Coward Society 14. ^The Times, 22 April 1965, p. 16 15. ^[https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9eea5e7c British Film Institute Archive for Joan Kemp-Welch] accessed 3 August 2018 16. ^Lesley, pp. 177–78 17. ^"Broadway, 1996" Playbill, retrieved 10 March 2017 18. ^"Present Laughter Cast Information", BroadwayWorld.com, accessed 25 January 2010 19. ^Cox, Gordon. [https://variety.com/2016/legit/news/kevin-kline-broadway-present-laughter-1201871877/ "Kevin Kline to Return to Broadway in ‘Present Laughter’"], Variety, September 27, 2016 20. ^Clement, Olivia. " 'Present Laughter', Starring Kevin Kline, Begins on Broadway" Playbill, 10 March 2017 21. ^Coward, p. 245 22. ^Coward, p. 246 23. ^Hall, 19 April 1976 24. ^Hoare, p. 293 25. ^Hoare, pp. 293–94 26. ^Hoare, p. 294 References
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2 : Plays by Noël Coward|1939 plays |
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