| 词条 | Presidential nominee |
| 释义 |
In United States politics and government, the term presidential nominee has two different meanings:
Presumptive nomineeIn United States presidential elections, the presumptive nominee is a presidential candidate who is assumed to be their party's nominee, but has not yet been formally nominated or elected by their political party at the party's nominating convention.[3][4] Ordinarily, a candidate becomes the presumptive nominee of their party when their "last serious challenger drops out"[5] or when the candidate "mathematically clinches—whichever comes first. But there is still room for interpretation."[6] A candidate mathematically clinches a nomination by securing a simple majority (i.e., more than 50 percent) of delegates through the primaries and caucuses prior to the convention.[3][4] The time at which news organizations begin to refer to a candidate as the "presumptive nominee" varies from election to election.[6] The shift in media usage from "front-runner" to "presumptive nominee" is considered a significant change for a campaign.[6] In the modern era, it is the norm for the major political parties' nominees to be "clear well before the conventions";[4] in the past, however, some conventions have begun with the outcome in doubt, requiring multiple rounds of balloting to select a nominee.[7] The last conventions with more than one ballot for president occurred in 1952 for the Democrats and 1948 for the Republicans.[7] Losing candidates, after withdrawing from the primary race, often "release" their delegates, who frequently declare support for the presumptive nominee.[8] A presumptive nominee typically will have already selected a vice presidential running mate before the convention—see veepstakes.[7][9][10] In the past, the choice of vice-presidential candidate has been made by the convention itself.[7] The term "presumptive nominee" is disliked by some writers; language commentator William Safire called it a "bogus title" and preferred the phrase presumed nominee, which was used by The New York Times in 2004.[11] See also
References1. ^Peter R. Kann & Lee Hudson Teslik (February 4, 2008), [https://www.nytimes.com/cfr/world/slot1_20080204.html?pagewanted=all "Backgrounder: The Role of Delegates in the U.S. Presidential Nominating Process"], Council on Foreign Relations via The New York Times. {{DEFAULTSORT:Presidential Nominee}}2. ^John G. Geer, Wendy J. Schiller & Jeffrey A. Segal, Gateways to Democracy: An Introduction to American Government (2d ed.: Wadsworth/Centgage Learning 2014), p. 406. 3. ^1 Sabato, Larry; Ernst, Howard R. {{cite book |title= Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections|year= 2006|publisher= Infobase Publishing|isbn=9780816058754|page= 216}} 4. ^1 2 Wiessler, David (March 4, 2008) [https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSN0446485720080304 "Factbox: Presidential political terms"], Reuters. 5. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hit-magic-number-so-what-does-mean-n581026 | title=Trump Hit the 'Magic Number.' So, What Does That Mean? | publisher=NBC News | date=May 26, 2016 | accessdate=May 26, 2016 | author=Dann, Carrie}} 6. ^1 2 Nathaniel Rakich, [https://newrepublic.com/article/133223/makes-presidential-nominee-presumptive "What Makes a Presidential Nominee 'Presumptive'?"], The New Republic (May 3, 2016). 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |author=Stephen K. Medvic |title=Campaigns and Elections: Players and Processes |edition=2d |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |page=144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0FhKAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA144#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 8. ^Barbara Norrander, The Imperfect Primary: Oddities, Biases, and Strengths of U.S. Presidential Nomination Politics (2d ed.: Routledge, 2015), p. 25. 9. ^Eleanor Clift & Matthew Spieler, Selecting a President (Macmillan, 2012), p. 41. 10. ^Norrander, p. 25. 11. ^Ben Zimmer (June 10, 2008), "The Presumptive Nominee, I Presume?", Thinkmap Visual Thesaurus. 1 : United States presidential elections terminology |
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