| 词条 | Arlit |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Arlit |other_name = |image_skyline = MineArlit1.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = The open pit Uranium Mine at Arlit |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Niger |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Niger |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Niger |subdivision_type1 = Department |subdivision_name1 = Agadez Department |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = |established_title = |established_date = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of=2011 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 112432 |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|18|44|N|7|23|E|region:NE|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m = 425 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }}Arlit is an industrial town and capital of the Arlit Department of the Agadez Region of northern-central Niger, built between the Sahara Desert and the eastern edge of the Aïr Mountains. It is 200 km south by road from the border with Algeria. As of 2011, the commune had a total population of 112,432 people.[1] Uranium industryFounded in 1969 following the discovery of uranium, it has grown around the mining industry, developed by the French government. Two large uranium mines, at Arlit and nearby Akouta, are exploited by open top strip mining. One open pit mine was built in 1971 by the National Mining Company of Niger, SOMAIR.[2] The Second open pit mine, as well as a third underground mine, was built by the French Compagnie Minière d'Akouta (or COMINAK).[3] All the ore from both is now processed and transported by a French company Orano Cycle, a holding of the Orano group, itself a state owned operation of the French Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA). The system of French nuclear power generation, as well as the French nuclear weapons program, is dependent on uranium mined at Arlit.[4] Orano Cycle alone employs 1600 foreign nationals on the site.[5]{{update-inline|date=February 2019}} In 2006, 3,434 tonnes of uranium were extracted from the Arlit mines and exported to France via truck to the seaport at Cotonou, Bénin. At its peak in the 1980s, 40% of Niger's uranium production came from Arlit, and uranium represented 90% of Niger's exports (by value). A major modern road, known as the Uranium Highway, has been built to transport uranium south, but it has bypassed many towns along the way (In-Gall for example) and has radically changed Niger's transportation system. Boom, bust and recoveryIn the late 1980s, Arlit suffered from a steep decline in world uranium prices, and the number of foreign employees in the town was cut to 700, a drop which has rebounded by the first decade of the 21st century. The value of Niger's uranium "boom" has never recovered its 1980s level, causing dislocation and suffering for the tens of thousands of Nigeriens who flocked to the shanty towns surrounding Arlit. Anger at the results of uranium bust, along with a belief that the best jobs were going to those from southern Niger, contributed to the Tuareg Rebellion of the 1990s. As late as 2007, Tuareg nationalists have made a fairer division of profits and jobs for local people a primary demand.[6] Environmental impactThe impact on the local environment of the Arlit mining industry has been criticised by African and European Non-Governmental Organisations, and Areva NC has especially been accused of a disregard for health and environmental conditions around its operations.[7] "Yellowcake" controversyIn the build-up to the war in Iraq there was controversy over allegations in 2003 that Saddam Hussein was seeking to purchase uranium from Arlit. Expatriates and immigrantsArlit has developed a first-world infrastructure and airport to serve European workers and their families, and has become a transit point for illegal immigrants attempting to travel to Algeria, and from there, France. Military baseThe United States has operated a military base in Arlit since approximately 2015.[8][9][10] TransportationArlit is served by Arlit Airport. In popular cultureIn 2005 the Benin filmmaker, Idrissou Mora-Kpaï, produced and directed the film Arlit, deuxième Paris (Arlit, a Second Paris) about the large expatriate community in the town. In 2007 Andersen Press published 'The Yellowcake Conspiracy', a novel by British children's author Stephen Davies. The novel is an espionage thriller set in and around the Arlit mine. GeologyMore than 25 uranium deposits occur with Mississippian to Cretaceous age sandstones. Key structural features are the Arlit Fault, and intrusions and ring dikes from 480 to 145 Ma in age.[11] ClimateArlit has a hot desert climate (BWh) in Köppen-Geiger system. {{Weather box|metric first=yes |single line=yes |location=Arlit |Jan high C=26.9 |Feb high C=30.1 |Mar high C=34.3 |Apr high C=38.6 |May high C=41.2 |Jun high C=41.5 |Jul high C=39.8 |Aug high C=38.6 |Sep high C=39 |Oct high C=37 |Nov high C=32.3 |Dec high C=28.4 |Jan mean C=18.8 |Feb mean C=21.7 |Mar mean C=25.9 |Apr mean C=30.5 |May mean C=33.4 |Jun mean C=34.2 |Jul mean C=32.8 |Aug mean C=31.9 |Sep mean C=31.8 |Oct mean C=29.3 |Nov mean C=24.2 |Dec mean C=20.5 |Jan low C=10.8 |Feb low C=13.3 |Mar low C=17.5 |Apr low C=22.4 |May low C=25.7 |Jun low C=27 |Jul low C=25.9 |Aug low C=25.3 |Sep low C=24.6 |Oct low C=21.6 |Nov low C=16.1 |Dec low C=12.7 |Jan precipitation mm=0 |Feb precipitation mm=0 |Mar precipitation mm=0 |Apr precipitation mm=1 |May precipitation mm=1 |Jun precipitation mm=5 |Jul precipitation mm=11 |Aug precipitation mm=18 |Sep precipitation mm=5 |Oct precipitation mm=0 |Nov precipitation mm=0 |Dec precipitation mm=0 | source 1 = Climate-Data.org, altitude: 429[12] }} See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/Annuaires_Statistiques/Annuaire_ins_2011/population.pdf|title=Annuaires_Statistiques|publisher=Institut National de la Statistique|accessdate=2 May 2013}} 2. ^Somair Company Profile. 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/sym/2004/souley.htm|author=Georges Capus, Pascal Bourrelier and Moussa Souley|title=Uranium Mining in Niger; Status and Perspectives of a Top Five Producing Country|publisher=World Nuclear Association- N.B.: The WNA is a nuclear industry funded group|year=2004}} 4. ^France and Nuclear Energy {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016043517/http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/research/OPs/Pederson/html/contents/sect2.html |date=16 October 2007 }} and French Involvement in Niger {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704070824/http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/research/OPs/Pederson/html/contents/sect7.html |date=4 July 2007 }}, both from Pederson, Nicholas R. The French Desire for Uranium and its Effects on French Foreign Policy in Africa. Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security: Occasional Papers. PED:1. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2000) 5. ^according to Le Canard Enchaîné (3 August 2005) 6. ^[ l'Humanite, ] June 2007. 7. ^Le dossier sur la mine d'Arlit de la CRIIRAD 8. ^{{cite web |title=Ben Taub on Twitter: "Secret military base near Arlit, Niger, revealed as a white dot in a sea of black, because Western soldiers didn't turn off their Fitbits |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128235023/https:/twitter.com/bentaub91/status/957646805767983104 |first=Ben |last=Taub |publisher=Twitter via the Internet Archive |date=January 28, 2018}} 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dw.com/en/us-drone-war-expands-to-niger/a-36498052 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |title=US drone war expands to Niger |date=November 23, 2016 |first=Friederike |last=Müller-Jung |quote=An additional US base in Arlit, about 250 kilometers (155 miles) north of Agadez, has been operating for about a year, but little is known about it, Moore said, except that special forces are presumably stationed there.}} 10. ^{{cite news |quote=In missions run out of a base in the northern Niger town of Arlit and others like the one that led to the ambush of U.S. troops, sources say they have helped local troops and intelligence agents make several arrests. |title=U.S. deaths in Niger highlight Africa military mission creep |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-africa-security/u-s-deaths-in-niger-highlight-africa-military-mission-creep-idUSKBN1CB2J1 |first=David |last=Lewis |first2=Joe |last2=Bavier |editor-first=Ralph |editor-last=Boulton |publisher=Reuters}} 11. ^{{cite book|last1=Nash|first1=J. Thomas|title=Volcanogenic Uranium Deposits: Geology, Geochemical Processes, and Criteria for Resource Management|date=2010|publisher=USGA|location=Reston|page=36}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Climate: Arlit – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/3464/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=3 October 2013}} External links{{Commons category|Arlit}}
7 : Communes of Niger|Populated places in Niger|Agadez Region|Mining communities in Africa|Mining in Niger|Tuareg|Populated places established in 1969 |
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