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词条 Death of John Pat
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Arrest and death

  3. Inquest

  4. Trial

  5. Aftermath

  6. See also

  7. References

{{Use Australian English|date=February 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}John Peter Pat (31 October 1966{{spaced ndash}}28 September 1983) was an Australian Aboriginal boy who, at the age of 16 years and 11 months, was killed by Western Australia Police. On 28 September 1983, four police officers and an Aboriginal police aide returned to Roebourne from a police union meeting at Karratha. They were off duty, and had each drunk six or seven glasses of beer at the Karratha Golf Club. Upon their return to Roebourne, they called in at the Victoria Hotel. A local Aboriginal, Ashley James, claims he was threatened by one of the off-duty police when he sought to make a purchase at the hotel's bottle shop. A hotel barmaid later testified that police swore at James and threatened to get him when he left the hotel. James himself later testified that one of the police subsequently accosted him outside on the footpath, and told him to 'get fucked'. James then claimed that he fought back, and was then attacked by the other police. A general melee ensued, with Aborigines and police trading punches. John Pat, joined the fray, and according to witnesses, was struck in the face by a policeman and fell backward, striking his head hard on the roadway. According to witnesses, one of the off-duty police went over to Pat and kicked him in the head. Pat was then allegedly dragged to a waiting police van, kicked in the face, and thrown in 'like a dead kangaroo'. Observers across the street from the police station alleged that the Aborigines were systematically beaten as they were taken from the police van. One after another, the prisoners were dragged from the van and dropped on the cement pathway. Each was picked up, punched to the ground, and kicked. According to one observer, none of the prisoners fought back or resisted. A little over an hour later, when police sought to check on Pat, he was dead. A subsequent autopsy revealed a fractured skull, haemorrhage and swelling as well as bruising and tearing, of the brain. Pat had sustained a number of massive blows to the head. One bruise at the back of his head was the size of the palm of one's hand; another, above his right ear, was perhaps half that size. Five other bruises were visible on the right side of the head. In addition to the head injuries, he had two broken ribs and a torn aorta, the major blood vessel leading from the heart. The autopsy also showed that the dead youth had had a blood alcohol reading of .222[1]

Nevertheless, the officers, were acquitted of manslaughter charges in May 1984 after pleading self-defence.[2] A Royal Commissioner in 1991 acknowledged that "The death of John Pat became for Aboriginal people nation wide a symbol of injustice and oppression... a continuing sense of injustice in the Aboriginal communities throughout Australia saw the anniversary of John Pat's death marked by demonstrations calling for justice."[3]

Early life

His mother was Mavis Pat (aged 16 years at marriage) and his father was Len Walley (about 36 at marriage), who were married under traditional Aboriginal law.[4] The eldest of three children, he lived with his family at the Mount Florence pastoral station until the age of nine. He attended the local high school for two years and left into a life of unemployment, drunkenness, disorderly conduct and conflict with police. He received five minor convictions and was a regular inmate of the Roebourne Lockup, on drunk charges.

Arrest and death

On 28 September 1983, Pat and other young Aboriginals engaged in a fight with an Aboriginal police aide and four off-duty police officers outside the Roebourne Hotel. Pat was reportedly injured in the fight, striking his head on the road and being kicked in the head and face.[2] He was arrested and taken to the lockup, where he died soon after of "closed head injuries" in the juvenile police cell.[4][5] Subsequent medical evidence indicated that "the fatal injury is likely to have been caused by the contre coup of the back of the head hitting a flat surface..." The separate impacts of punches and kicks were later also discounted by Royal Commissioner Elliott Johnston, QC.[6]

Inquest

A coronial inquest was conducted on 30 October 1983 at which five police officers declined to give evidence. The coroner, Mr McCann, committed the five officers for trial in the Supreme Court on a charge of unlawful killing.[7]

Trial

The five police officers were tried on counts of manslaughter in the Supreme Court in Karratha in May 1984 before a judge and an all-white jury. The trial lasted for just over three weeks with the jury acquitting each officer by a unanimous verdict.[8]

Aftermath

The Police Commissioner monitored the trial, instructing the attendance of a senior officer, Brian Bull, to "independently review" the proceedings. Mr Bull was of the view that none of the officers had done anything wrong except "falsely noting the Occurrence Book".[8] The five officers were immediately reinstated to duty and no further charges were considered against them—which was described by the Royal Commissioner as "a most unsatisfactory state of affairs".[8]

The Police Union succeeded in obtaining government reimbursement of $136,000 costs in representing its members at the inquest and trial. It also campaigned successfully against legislation to give the state's ombudsman increased powers to investigate police misconduct allegations, and sought to weaken or abolish the Aboriginal Legal Service.[5]

The not-guilty verdict has always been bitterly disputed by the Aboriginal community and human-rights advocates, and Pat's death is commemorated annually in parts of Australia. A public monument was established at Fremantle Prison, featuring a poem by Jack Davis that includes the words:

Write of life / the pious said

forget the past / the past is dead.

But all I see / in front of me

is a concrete floor / a cell door / and John Pat.[2]

See also

  • Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://aic.gov.au/publications/lcj/wayward/chapter-5-aboriginal-death-custody-case-john-pat|title=Australian Institute of Criminology, Wayward governance : illegality and its control in the public sector, Chapter 5: An Aboriginal death in custody : the case of John Pat|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
2. ^1 2 Korff, Jens. Story: Death of John Pat (aged 16) at Creative Spirits (Aboriginal culture website)
3. ^John Peter Pat—Introduction. Royal Commission report, at Indigenous Law Resources, austlii.edu.au. [N.B., the Commissioner's 19 main findings are recorded at the end of this introduction.]
4. ^1 O'Dea, D. J.: Regional Report Of Inquiry Into Individual Deaths In Custody In Western Australia Volume 1—John Peter Pat (W/19) at Indigenous Law Resources, austlii.edu.au
5. ^1 Grabosky, Peter N. Chapter 5: An Aboriginal death in custody: the case of John Pat in Wayward Governance: Illegality and Its Control in the Public Sector, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra (1989) {{ISBN|0 642 14605 5}}
6. ^10.3 Whether John Pat was involved in any incident which could have caused his fatal injury. Royal Commission report, at Indigenous Law Resources, austlii.edu.au
7. ^John Peter Pat – 14.8 The Inquest Royal Commission report, at Indigenous Law Resources, austlii.edu.au
8. ^1 2 John Peter Pat – 14.1.2 An Overview Royal Commission report, at Indigenous Law Resources, austlii.edu.au
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pat, Death of John}}

5 : Criminal trials that ended in acquittal|Deaths in police custody in Australia|Prisoners who died in Western Australian detention|Indigenous Australians from Western Australia|Manslaughter trials
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