“Delage D8”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Delage D8 was an eight-cylinder luxury car produced by Delage between 1929 and 1940.

The 4061 cc engine of the original D8 placed it in the 23CV car tax band which, for many contemporaries, would also have defined its position high up in the market hierarchy.

Delage took a traditional view of its role as a car producer, providing cars in bare chassis form to be bodied and fitted out by prestigious bespoke builders such as Letourneur et Marchand and Chapron operating (in most cases) in the Paris area. The D8 therefore appeared, throughout its life, in a wide variety of (frequently) elegant shapes.

Chronology

The D8 was introduced late in 1929 as a replacement for the opulent Delage GLS, but in view of the range of body types (and, subsequently, of engine sizes) with which it was offered it can also be seen as a replacement for the some versions of the Delage DM.

The timing of the D8’s launch, with the European economy still reeling from the aftermath of the 1929 stock market crashes appears unfortunate, but cars at this level were never intended to sell in large numbers, and by taking sales from other top end auto-makers such as, in particular, Bugatti the D8 held its own and justified its manufacturer’s aspirations for it, becoming one of the best known products of what subsequently came to be known as a golden age for low-volume expensive and luxurious cars in France.

Chassis

At launch there were two versions of the D8 : the “D8 Normale” and the “D8 S”. For the “D8 Normale” there were three different wheelbase lengths: these were {{convert|3167|mm|in|abbr=on}}, {{convert|3467|mm|in|abbr=on}} and {{convert|4066|mm|in|abbr=on}}, the third of which would accommodate body lengths of more than 5 meters. The “D8 S” was intended for sports car applications, and the shortened wheelbase was intended to optimize manoeuvrability and handling.

Engine

The "Delage D8" was powered by a straight 8 engine which was a first both for Delage and for the French auto-industry. The 4061cc engine featured an overhead centrally positioned camshaft and a listed maximum output of {{convert|102|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 3,500 rpm for the “D8 Normale” and {{convert|120|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} in the “D8 S” version. Power was delivered to the rear wheels through a four speed manual gear-box featuring synchromesh on the upper two ratios.

Performance will have varied according to the weight of the body specified but the top speed listed for the "D8 Normale" was 120 km/h (75 mph) with 130 km/h (82 mph) listed for the "D8 S".

Brakes and suspension

The drum brakes operated on all four wheels. Suspension was traditional, involving rigid axles front and back with semi-elliptic leaf springs and “friction dampers”.

Further Developments

Delage D8-15 (1933 – 1934)

In 1933 Delage introduced the “D8-15” in which the size of the 8-cylinder engine had been reduced to 2668 cc. The “-15” suffix referred to the 15CV car tax band in which the smaller engine placed the car. The lesser performance of this version of the Delage D8 moved the model downmarket in the direction of volume automakers such as Citroen who were already working on a 16 CV 6-cylinder version of their newly introduced Traction model (although the project seems to have been a low priority for Citroën and the car in question would only appear in the market, initially very cautiously, in June 1938).^[1]

The 15CV Delage D8, like the original 23CV version, was produced both in “-Normale” versions and in a shorter wheelbase “-S” version. However, the Delage D8-15 had been withdrawn by the end of 1934.

Delage D8-85 and Delage D8-105 (1934 – 1935)

The same year saw the launch of the “D8-85 » and the « D8 105 ». The D8-85 was the less extreme in terms of ultimate performance, offered with a choice between a {{convert|3378|mm|in|abbr=on}} and a {{convert|3578|mm|in|abbr=on}} chassis. The engine displacement, adding the eight cylinders together, was 3570cc in this version producing, as indicated by the name, a maximum output of {{convert|85|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 4,000 rpm. On The D8-105 the engine size was the same, but the unit was modified to produce {{convert|105|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, while the car sat on a shortened {{convert|3296|mm|in|abbr=on}} chassis.

In April 1935 the manufacturer’s financial difficulties culminated in the closure of Delage plant at Courbevoie, as a result of which the D8-85 and Delage D8-105 were taken out of production.

Delage D8-100 (1936 - 1940)

The arrangements with Delahaye were worked through over a period of several years, with Delage effectively a Delahaye subsidiary by 1938. Walter Watney, the British born entrepreneure who established in 1935 the Delage sales and marketing company “SAFAD” ^[2] remained in post till 1940. Greater urgency was needed over the question of where to build the cars now that the Delage factory had closed. The solution already in place by 1936 involved continuing production of Delage engines and retaining other mechanical components, but installing them on existing Delahaye chassis.

The first D8 to be produced at the Delahaye Paris plant under the new arrangements was the D8-100. In this period Delahaye were producing cars with fashionably flamboyant bodies from bespoke body builders such as Figoni et Falaschi and Saoutchik, and the Delage cars followed the same trends. The D8 as the top “mainstream” Delage model, turned up, during the second half of the decade, with various fabulously aerodynamic profiles. Coachbuilders who had traditionally worked closely with Delage during the years of independence, chief among them Letourneur & Marchand and their subsidiary, Autobineau, were also responsible for many eye catching D8 bodied cars during this time.

The D8-100’s 8-cylinder engine was now increased to 4302cc, the cylinder bores giving rise to a fiscal horsepower of 25 CV.,^[3] Power output for the « D8-100 » was listed at {{convert|90|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, although by 1937 {{convert|105|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 3500 rpm was the value given.^[3] By this time the Cotal pre-selector transmission, previously an option, came included in the price of a Delage D8.^[3] Delahayes were still powered by six-cylinder engines, and the Delage D8 was the top model produced under either brand.

The D8-100 was launched with a wheelbase choice between {{convert|3630|mm|in|abbr=on}} and {{convert|3350|mm|in|abbr=on}},^[4] although according to some sources the shorter chassis was delisted in 1937

Delage D8-120 (1937 - 1940)

By October 1937 Delage were also listing at the Paris motor show a « D8-120 » model, which was essentially a « D8-100 » with the cylinder bore/diameter increased by 4 mm. Listed power was now {{convert|120|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 4,500 rpm.^[4] A long-wheelbase D8 120 was featured prominently in An American in Paris.^[5] (Image here.)

In 1939 the larger engine from the D8-120 also found its way into the D8-100. However, with the declaration of war in 1939 and the invasion of northern France, in 1940, passenger car production came to an end, as the Delahaye plant was taken over by the German military occupation. Although the six-cylinder Delages would return in 1946, after the war, the eight-cylinder D-8 did not.

External links

References

1. ^{{cite journal| authorlink = René Bellu | title =Automobilia| journal = Toutes les voitures françaises 1938 (salon 1937)| volume = Nr. 6| pages = Page 30|year = 1998|isbn = |publisher=Histoire & collections|location=Paris }}
2. ^Société Nouvelle des Automobiles Delage
3. ^¹²{{cite journal| authorlink = René Bellu | title =Automobilia| journal = Toutes les voitures françaises 1937 (salon 1936)| volume = Nr. 3| pages = Pages 28–35|year = 1997|isbn = |publisher=Histoire & collections|location=Paris }}
4. ^¹{{cite journal| authorlink = René Bellu | title =Automobilia| journal = Toutes les voitures françaises 1938 (salon 1937)| volume = Nr. 6| pages = Pages 31–39|year = 1998|isbn = |publisher=Histoire & collections|location=Paris }}
5. ^http://www.imcdb.org/vehicle_119987-Delage-D8-120-Chapron-1937.html