| 词条 | Prime Minister of Afghanistan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|post = Prime Minister |body = Afghanistan |insignia = |insigniasize = |insigniacaption = |image = Sardar-Mohammad-Hashim-Khan.tif |imagesize = 150px |imagecaption = Mohammad Hashim Khan, longest serving Prime Minister of Afghanistan |style = |residence = |appointer = King (1927–1973) President (1978–2001) |appointer_qualified = |precursor = |formation = 25 October 1927 1 May 1978 |first = Shir Ahmad |last = Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai |abolished = 17 July 1973 21 August 1997 |succession = |salary = }}{{Politics of Afghanistan}} The Prime Minister of Afghanistan was a post in the Afghan government. The position was created in 1927 as an official appointed by the King of Afghanistan. The holder served mostly as an advisor, until the end of the Kingdom of Afghanistan in 1973. During the 1980s, the position was the head of government. History of the officeKingdom{{Main|Kingdom of Afghanistan}}The Chairman of the Council of Ministers was not headed by the Prime Minister, but the King. Only during his absence was the Premier the acting Chairman of the Council. Until 1963, King Mohammed Zahir Shah appointed his relatives as prime ministers. King Zahir Shah also had the power to dismiss or transfer the Prime Minister. This was changed, stating that the Head of the Afghan Government was the Prime Minister, and that the government consisted of its ministers. It was the first time that King Zahir Shah did not play an important role in the government, leaving it to an elected authority. However, it also stated that they cannot engage in any other profession during their tenure of office. The 1964 Constitution also granted the Prime Minister the power to summon the Electoral College in case of the death of the King. The Prime Minister only answered to the Wolesi Jirga about the General Policy of the government, and individually for their prescribed duties.[1] Democratic Republic{{Main|Democratic Republic of Afghanistan}}In April 1978, Mohammed Daoud Khan was killed during a coup that started the Saur Revolution. The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) revived the office of Prime Minister that year, and it remained throughout the 1980s. The President was in charge of the appointment of the Prime Minister, who in turn appointed the Council of Ministers. The Council's stated purpose was to formulate and implement domestic and foreign policies, to formulate economic development plans and state budgets, and to ensure public order. Under the 1987 Constitution, the President was required to appoint the Prime Minister in order to form the Government. The Prime Minister had the power to dissolve the government. Several Afghan presidents during the Democratic Republic era were also appointed as Prime Minister. With the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Prime Minister was no longer in charge of the government. The General Secretary of the PDPA or the Director of the KHAD exercised greater power. Also, the 1990 Constitution established that only Afghan-born citizens are eligible to hold the office, something that was not specified in the previous documents. Islamic State/Emirate{{Main|Islamic State of Afghanistan|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}After the collapse of Mohammad Najibullah's government, a transitional state was created. Thus, the office of Prime Minister once again played an important role in the history of the nation. There was constant friction between the President and the Premier during this period. The State had collapsed and there was not an effective central Government from 1992 until 1996. Thus, the position became de facto ceremonial, with little power in what was left of the Government. The title was abolished when the Taliban forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan took over control in 1996. The Deputy Leader of the Taliban was often known as the Prime Minister throughout its rule. With the death of Mohammad Rabbani in 2001,[2] the Taliban decided not to revive the office. Until August 1997, the government which the Taliban had ousted, which remained in rebellion until the end of the Taliban rule in 2001, had a Prime Minister in the government, but the position was abolished. List of heads of government(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
See also
References1. ^{{Country study|country=Afghanistan|abbr=af|editor=Peter R. Blood|date=1997|section=The Constitutional Period, 1964-73|author=Richard S. Newell}} 2. ^{{cite news|last=Dugger|first=Celia W.|title=Muhammad Rabbani, Advocate of Some Moderation in Taliban|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/20/world/muhammad-rabbani-advocate-of-some-moderation-in-taliban.html|accessdate=29 September 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=20 April 2001}} External links{{Commonscat|Prime ministers of Afghanistan}}
7 : Lists of prime ministers|Prime Ministers of Afghanistan|Politics of Afghanistan|Afghanistan-related lists|Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Islamic State of Afghanistan|Kingdom of Afghanistan |
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