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词条 Prime Minister of Australia
释义

  1. Constitutional basis and appointment

  2. Powers and role

  3. Privileges of office

     Salary  Allowances  After office 

  4. Acting and interim Prime Ministers

  5. Former Prime Ministers

     Ages 

  6. List and timeline

  7. See also

  8. Notes

  9. References

  10. Further reading

  11. External links

{{About|the office of the Prime Minister of Australia|a list of Australian Prime Ministers|List of Prime Ministers of Australia}}{{pp-pc1|small=yes}}{{Use Australian English|date=July 2016}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}{{Infobox official post
|post = Prime Minister
|body = Australia
|insignia = Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg
|insigniacaption = Commonwealth Coat of Arms
|image = 01 Scott Morrison 2016.jpg
|incumbent = Scott Morrison
|incumbentsince = 24 August 2018
|department = {{ublist|Government of Australia|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet}}
|style= {{ublist|The Honourable
(formal)|Prime Minister
(spoken)|His/Her Excellency
(in international correspondence)[1]}}
|member_of = {{hlist |Cabinet |National Security Committee |Federal Executive Council}}
|reports_to = Parliament, Governor-General
|residence = {{hlist|The Lodge|Kirribilli House}}
|seat = Canberra
|appointer = Governor-General of Australia
by convention, based on appointee's ability to command confidence in the House of Representatives[2]
|appointer_qualified =
|termlength = At the Governor-General's pleasure
contingent on the Prime Minister's ability to command confidence in the lower house of Parliament[3]
|formation = 1 January 1901
|inaugural = Edmund Barton
|deputy = Michael McCormack
|salary = $538,460 (AUD)
|website = {{URL|pm.gov.au/}}
}}

The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of Australia. The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of State, the leader of the Federal Cabinet. The Prime Minister also has the responsibility of administering the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, and is the chair of the National Security Committee and the Council of Australian Governments. The office of Prime Minister is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia but exists through Westminster political convention. The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the Governor-General of Australia and at the Governor-General's pleasure subject to the Constitution of Australia and constitutional conventions.

Scott Morrison has held the office of Prime Minister since 24 August 2018. He received his commission after replacing Malcolm Turnbull as the leader of the Liberal Party, the largest party in the Coalition government, following the Liberal Party leadership spill earlier the same day.[4]

Constitutional basis and appointment

{{Politics of Australia sidebar}}

The Prime Minister of Australia is appointed by the Governor-General of Australia under Section 64 of the Australian Constitution, which empowers the Governor-General, as the official representative of the Crown, to appoint government ministers of state on the advice of the Prime Minister and requires them to be members of the House of Representatives or the Senate, or become members within three months of the appointment. The Prime Minister and Treasurer are traditionally members of the House, but the Constitution does not have such a requirement.[5] Before being sworn in as a Minister of State, a person must first be sworn in as a member of the Federal Executive Council if they are not already a member. Membership of the Federal Executive Council entitles the member to the style of The Honourable (usually abbreviated to The Hon) for life, barring exceptional circumstances. The senior members of the Executive Council constitute the Cabinet of Australia.

The Prime Minister is, like other ministers, normally sworn in by the Governor-General and then presented with the commission (letters patent) of office. When defeated in an election, or on resigning, the Prime Minister is said to "hand in the commission" and actually does so by returning it to the Governor-General. In the event of a Prime Minister dying in office, or becoming incapacitated, or for other reasons, the Governor-General can terminate the commission. Ministers hold office "during the pleasure of the Governor-General" (s. 64 of the Constitution of Australia), so theoretically, the Governor-General can dismiss a minister at any time, by notifying them in writing of the termination of their commission; however, their power to do so except on the advice of the Prime Minister is heavily circumscribed by convention.

According to convention, the Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party or largest party in a coalition of parties in the House of Representatives which holds the confidence of the House. Some commentators argue that the Governor-General may also dismiss a Prime Minister who is unable to pass the government's supply bill through both houses of parliament, including the Australian Senate, where the government doesn't normally command the majority, as happened in the 1975 constitutional crisis.[6] Other commentators argue that the Governor General acted improperly in 1975 as Whitlam still retained the confidence of the House of Representatives, and there are no generally accepted conventions to guide the use of the Governor General's reserve powers in this circumstance.[2] However, there is no constitutional requirement that the Prime Minister sit in the House of Representatives, or even be a member of the federal parliament (subject to a constitutionally prescribed limit of three months), though by convention this is always the case. The only case where a member of the Senate was appointed Prime Minister was John Gorton, who subsequently resigned his Senate position and was elected as a member of the House of Representatives.

Despite the importance of the office of Prime Minister, the Constitution does not mention the office by name. The conventions of the Westminster system were thought to be sufficiently entrenched in Australia by the authors of the Constitution that it was deemed unnecessary to detail them.{{fact|date=October 2018}} The formal title of the portfolio has always been simply "Prime Minister", except for the period of the Fourth Deakin Ministry (June 1909 to April 1910), when it was known as "Prime Minister (without portfolio)".[7]

If a government cannot get its appropriation (budget) legislation passed by the House of Representatives, or the House passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the Prime Minister is bound by convention to immediately advise the Governor-General to dissolve the House of Representatives and hold a fresh election.

Following a resignation in other circumstances or the death of a Prime Minister, the governor-general generally appoints the Deputy Prime Minister as the new Prime Minister, until or if such time as the governing party or senior coalition party elects an alternative party leader. This has resulted in the party leaders from the Country Party (now named National Party) being appointed as Prime Minister, despite being the smaller party of their coalition. This occurred when Earle Page became caretaker Prime Minister following the death of Joseph Lyons in 1939, and when John McEwen became caretaker Prime Minister following the disappearance of Harold Holt in 1967. However in 1941, Arthur Fadden became the leader of the Coalition and subsequently Prime Minister by the agreement of both coalition parties, despite being the leader of the smaller party in coalition, following the resignation of UAP leader Robert Menzies.

Excluding the brief transition periods during changes of government or leadership elections, there have only been a handful of cases where someone other than the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives was Prime Minister:

  • Federation occurred on 1 January 1901, but elections for the first parliament were not scheduled until late March. In the interim, an unelected caretaker government was necessary. In what is now known as the Hopetoun Blunder, the governor-general, Lord Hopetoun, invited Sir William Lyne, the premier of the most populous state, New South Wales, to form a government. Lyne was unable to do so and returned his commission in favour of Edmund Barton, who became the first Prime Minister and led the inaugural government into and beyond the election.
  • During the second parliament, three parties (Free Trade, Protectionist and Labor) had roughly equal representation in the House of Representatives. The leaders of the three parties, Alfred Deakin, George Reid and Chris Watson each served as Prime Minister before losing a vote of confidence.
  • As a result of the Labor Party's split over conscription, Billy Hughes and his supporters were expelled from the Labor Party in November 1916. He subsequently continued on as prime minister at the head of the new National Labor Party, which had only 14 members out of a total of 75 in the House of Representatives. The Commonwealth Liberal Party – despite still forming the Official Opposition – provided confidence and supply until February 1917, when the two parties agree to merge and form the Nationalist Party.
  • During the 1975 constitutional crisis, on 11 November 1975, the governor-general, Sir John Kerr, dismissed the Labor Party's Gough Whitlam as Prime Minister. Despite Labor holding a majority in the House of Representatives, Kerr appointed the Leader of the Opposition, Liberal leader Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister, conditional on the passage of the Whitlam government's Supply bills through the Senate and the calling of an election for both houses of parliament. Fraser accepted these terms and immediately advised a double dissolution. An election was called for 13 December, which the Liberal Party won in its own right (although the Liberals governed in a coalition with the Country Party).

Powers and role

Most of the Prime Minister's power derives from being the head of Government.{{fact|date=October 2018}} In practice, the Federal Executive Council acts to ratify all executive decisions made by the government and requires the support of the Prime Minister. The powers of the Prime Minister are to direct the Governor General through advice to grant Royal Assent to legislation, to dissolve and prorogue parliament, to call elections and to make government appointments, which the Governor-General follows.

The Constitution divides power between the federal government and the states, and the prime minister is constrained by this.[8]

The formal power to appoint the Governor-General lies with the Queen of Australia, on the advice of the Prime Minister, whereby convention holds that the Queen is bound to follow the advice. The Prime Minister can also advise the monarch to dismiss the Governor-General, though it remains unclear how quickly the monarch would act on such advice in a constitutional crisis. This uncertainty, and the possibility of a "race" between the Governor-General and Prime Minister to dismiss the other, was a key question in the 1975 constitutional crisis. Prime Ministers whose government loses a vote of no-confidence in the House of Representatives, are expected to advise the Governor-General to dissolve parliament and hold an election, if an alternative government cannot be formed. If they fail to do this, the Governor-General may by convention dissolve parliament or appoint an alternative government.[9]

The Prime Minister is also the responsible minister for the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, which is tasked with supporting the policy agendas of the Prime Minister and Cabinet through policy advice and the coordination of the implementation of key government programs, to manage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander policy and programs and to promote reconciliation, to provide leadership for the Australian Public Service alongside the Australian Public Service Commission, to oversee the honours and symbols of the Commonwealth, to provide support to ceremonies and official visits, to set whole of government service delivery policy, and to coordinate national security, cyber, counterterrorism, regulatory reform, cities, population, data, and women's policy.[10] Since 1992, the Prime Minister also acts as the chair of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), an intergovernmental forum between the federal government and the state governments in which the Prime Minister, the state premiers and chief ministers, and a representative of local governments meet annually.[11]

Privileges of office

Salary

Prime Ministerial salary history
Effective date Salary
2 June 1999 $289,270
6 September 2006 $309,270
1 July 2007 $330,356
1 October 2009 $340,704[12]
1 August 2010 $354,671[13]
1 July 2011 $366,366
1 December 2011 $440,000
15 March 2012 $481,000[14]
1 July 2012 $495,430[15]
1 July 2013 $507,338[16]
1 January 2016 $517,504[17]
1 July 2017 $527,852[18]
1 July 2018 $538,460[19]

As of 1 July 2018, Australia's Prime Minister is paid a total salary of $538,460. This is made up of the 'base salary' received by all Members of Parliament ($207,100) plus a 160 percent 'additional salary' for the role of Prime Minister.[20] Increases in the base salary of MPs and senators are determined annually by the Australian Government's Remuneration Tribunal.[21]

Allowances

Whilst in office, the Prime Minister has two official residences. The primary official residence is The Lodge in Canberra. Most Prime Ministers have chosen The Lodge as their primary residence because of its security facilities and close proximity to Parliament House. There have been some exceptions, however. James Scullin preferred to live at the Hotel Canberra (now the Hyatt Hotel) and Ben Chifley lived in the Hotel Kurrajong. More recently, John Howard used the Sydney Prime Ministerial residence, Kirribilli House, as his primary accommodation. On her appointment on 24 June 2010, Julia Gillard said she would not be living in The Lodge until such time as she was returned to office by popular vote at the next general election, as she became Prime Minister by replacing an incumbent during a parliamentary term. Tony Abbott was never able to occupy The Lodge during his term (2013–15) as it was undergoing extensive renovations, which continued into the early part of his successor Malcolm Turnbull's term.[22] Instead, Abbott resided in dedicated rooms at the Australian Federal Police College when in Canberra.

During his first term, Rudd had a staff at The Lodge consisting of a senior chef and an assistant chef, a child carer, one senior house attendant, and two junior house attendants. At Kirribilli House in Sydney, there is one full-time chef and one full-time house attendant.[23]

The official residences are fully staffed and catered for both the Prime Minister and their family. In addition, both have extensive security facilities. These residences are regularly used for official entertaining, such as receptions for Australian of the Year finalists.

The Prime Minister receives a number of transport amenities for official business. The Royal Australian Air Force's No. 34 Squadron transports the Prime Minister within Australia and overseas by specially converted Boeing Business Jets and smaller Challenger aircraft. The aircraft contain secure communications equipment as well as an office, conference room and sleeping compartments. The call-sign for the aircraft is "Envoy". For ground travel, the Prime Minister is transported in an armoured BMW 7 Series model. It is referred to as "C-1", or Commonwealth One, because of its licence plate. It is escorted by police vehicles from state and federal authorities.[24]

After office

Politicians, including Prime Ministers, are usually granted certain privileges after leaving office, such as office accommodation, staff assistance, and a Life Gold Pass, which entitles the holder to travel within Australia for "non-commercial" purposes at government expense. In 2017, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said the pass should be available only to former prime ministers, though he would not use it when he was no longer PM.[25]

Only one Prime Minister who had left the Federal Parliament ever returned. Stanley Bruce was defeated in his own seat in 1929 while Prime Minister but was re-elected to parliament in 1931. Other Prime Ministers were elected to parliaments other than the Australian federal parliament: Sir George Reid was elected to the UK House of Commons (after his term as High Commissioner to the UK), and Frank Forde was re-elected to the Queensland Parliament (after his term as High Commissioner to Canada, and a failed attempt to re-enter the Federal Parliament).

Acting and interim Prime Ministers

From time to time Prime Ministers are required to leave the country on government business and a deputy acts in their place during that time. In the days before jet aircraft, such absences could be for extended periods. For example, William Watt was acting Prime Minister for 16 months, from April 1918 until August 1919, when Prime Minister Billy Hughes was away at the Paris Peace Conference,[26] and Senator George Pearce was acting Prime Minister for more than seven months in 1916.[27] An acting Prime Minister is also appointed when the prime minister takes leave. The Deputy Prime Minister most commonly becomes acting Prime Minister in those circumstances.

Three Prime Ministers have died in office – Joseph Lyons (1939), John Curtin (1945) and Harold Holt (1967). In each of these cases, the Deputy Prime Minister (an unofficial office at the time) became an interim Prime Minister, pending an election of a new leader of the government party. In none of these cases was the interim Prime Minister successful at the subsequent election.

Former Prime Ministers

As of {{Monthyear}}, there are seven living former Australian Prime Ministers.[28]

The greatest number of living former Prime Ministers at any one time was eight. This has occurred twice:

  • Between 7 October 1941 (when John Curtin succeeded Arthur Fadden) and 18 November 1941 (when Chris Watson died), the eight living former Prime Ministers were Bruce, Cook, Fadden, Hughes, Menzies, Page, Scullin and Watson.
  • Between 13 July 1945 (when Ben Chifley succeeded Frank Forde) and 30 July 1947 (when Sir Joseph Cook died), the eight living former Prime Ministers were Bruce, Cook, Fadden, Forde, Hughes, Menzies, Page and Scullin.
Ben Chifley lived the least of all former prime ministers, as he died one year and six months after his term as prime minister.[29] All other deceased former prime ministers have lived at least another 10 years, with the longest surviving former prime minister being Gough Whitlam, who lived 38 years and 11 months after office, surpassing Stanley Bruce's previous record of 37 years and 10 months.[30]

Ages

The youngest person to become prime minister was Chris Watson{{spaced ndash}}37,[32] who was also 37 when he ceased being prime minister. The oldest person to become prime minister was John McEwen{{spaced ndash}}67 as an interim prime minister,[31] otherwise William McMahon{{spaced ndash}}63.[32] Robert Menzies was the oldest person to ever be prime minister, leaving office at 71 years old.[35]

List and timeline

{{Main list|List of Prime Ministers of Australia}}

The longest-serving Prime Minister was Sir Robert Menzies, who served in office twice: from 26 April 1939 to 28 August 1941, and again from 19 December 1949 to 26 January 1966. In total Robert Menzies spent 18 years, 5 months and 12 days in office. He served under the United Australia Party and the Liberal Party respectively.

The shortest-serving Prime Minister was Frank Forde, who was appointed to the position on 6 July 1945 after the death of John Curtin, and served until 13 July 1945 when Ben Chifley was elected leader of the Australian Labor Party.

The last Prime Minister to serve out a full government term in the office was John Howard, who won the 2004 election and led his party to the 2007 election, but lost. Since then, the five subsequent Prime Ministers have been either voted out of the office mid-term by the caucuses of their own parties, assumed the office mid-term under such circumstances, or both.

Parties
{{legend2|{{Australian Labor Party/meta/color}}|Australian Labor Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Liberal Party of Australia/meta/color}}|Liberal Party of Australia|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{National Party of Australia/meta/color}}|Australian Country Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Nationalist Party of Australia/meta/color}}|Nationalist Party of Australia|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{United Australia Party/meta/color}}|United Australia Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Commonwealth Liberal/meta/color}}|Commonwealth Liberal Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{National Labor Party/meta/color}}|National Labor Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Free Trade Party/meta/color}}|Free Trade Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Protectionist Party/meta/color}}|Protectionist Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
No.Name
{{small|(birth–death)		PortraitPartyTerm of officeElectorate served Elections wonMinistry Ref
1Sir Edmund Barton
{{small|(1849–1920)}}		 Protectionist1 January}}
1901		24 September}}
1903		{{small>1901–1903 (resigned)}} 1901Barton}} [33]
2Alfred Deakin
{{small|(1856–1919)}}		 Protectionist24 September}}
1903		27 April}}
1904		[34]
{{small>1901–1913 (retired)}}		 19031st Deakin}} [35]
3Chris Watson
{{small|(1867–1941)}}		 Labour27 April}}
1904		18 August}}
1904		{{small>1901–1906}}
South Sydney, NSW,
{{small|1906–1910 (retired)}}		 —Watson}} [36]
4George Reid
{{small|(1845–1918)}}		 Free Trade18 August}}
1904		5 July}}
1905		{{small>1901–1909 (resigned)}} —Reid}} [37]
{{small|(2)Alfred Deakin
{{small|(1856–1919)}}		Protectionist{{small|5 July}}
1905		{{small|13 November}}
1908		Ballaarat, Vic,[34]
{{small|1901–1913 (retired)}}		 —2nd Deakin}}
19063rd Deakin}}
5Andrew Fisher
{{small|(1862–1928)}}		 Labour13 November}}
1908		2 June}}
1909		{{small>1901–1915 (resigned)}} —1st Fisher}} [38]
{{small|(2)Alfred Deakin
{{small|(1856–1919)}}		 Commonwealth Liberal2 June}}
1909		29 April}}
1910		[34]
{{small>1901–1913 (retired)}}		 —4th Deakin}}
{{small|(5)Andrew Fisher
{{small|(1862–1928)}}		 Labor29 April}}
1910		24 June}}
1913		{{small>1901–1915 (resigned)}} 19102nd Fisher}}
6Joseph Cook
{{small|(1860–1947)}}		 Commonwealth Liberal24 June}}
1913		17 September}}
1914		{{small>1901–1921 (resigned)}} 1913Cook}} [39]
{{small|(5)Andrew Fisher
{{small|(1862–1928)}}		 Labor17 September}}
1914		27 October}}
1915		{{small>1901–1915 (resigned)}} 19143rd Fisher}}
Billy Hughes
{{small|(1862–1952)}}		 Labor27 October}}
1915		14 November}}
1916		West Sydney, NSW,
{{small|1901–1917}}
Bendigo, Vic,
{{small|1917–1922}}
North Sydney, NSW,
{{small|1922–1949}}
Bradfield, NSW,
{{small|1949–1952 (died)}}		 —1st Hughes}}[40]
7 National Labor 14 November}}
1916		17 February}}
1917		 — 2nd Hughes}}
Nationalist{{small|17 February}}
1917		{{small|9 February}}
1923		 — 3rd Hughes}}
1917 4th Hughes}}
1919 5th Hughes}}
8Stanley Bruce
{{small|(1883–1967)}}		Nationalist
{{small|(Coalition)}}		{{small|9 February}}
1923		{{small|22 October}}
1929		Flinders, Vic,
{{small|1918–1929 (defeated) ;
1931–1933 (resigned)}}		 19221st Bruce}}[41]
19252nd Bruce}}
19283rd Bruce}}
9James Scullin
{{small|(1876–1953)}}		 Labor22 October}}
1929		6 January}}
1932		{{small>1910–1913 (defeated)}}
Yarra, Vic,
{{small|1922–1949 (retired)}}		 1929Scullin}} [42]
10Joseph Lyons
{{small|(1879–1939)}}		United Australia
{{small|(Coalition)}}		{{small|6 January}}
1932		{{small|7 April}}
1939{{small|†}}		Wilmot, Tas,
{{small|1929–1939 (died)}}		 19311st Lyons}}[43]
19342nd Lyons}}
—3rd Lyons}}
19374th Lyons}}
11Sir Earle Page
{{small|(1880–1961)}}		{{small>(Coalition)}}7 April}}
1939		26 April}}
1939		{{small>1919–1961 (defeated)}} —Page}} [44]
12Robert Menzies
{{small|(1894–1978)}}		United Australia
{{small|(Coalition)}}		{{small|26 April}}
1939		{{small|28 August}}
1941		Kooyong, Vic,
{{small|1934–1966 (resigned)}}		—1st Menzies}}[45]
2nd Menzies}}
19403rd Menzies}}
13Arthur Fadden
{{small|(1894–1973)}}		{{small>(Coalition)}}28 August}}
1941		7 October}}
1941		{{small>1936–1949}}
McPherson, Qld
{{small|1949–1958 (retired)}}		 —Fadden}} [46]
14John Curtin
{{small|(1885–1945)}}		Labor{{small|7 October}}
1941		{{small|5 July}}
1945{{small|†}}		Fremantle, WA,
{{small|1928–1931 (defeated) ;
1934–1945 (died)}}		 —1st Curtin}}
19432nd Curtin}}
15Frank Forde
{{small|(1890–1983)}}		 Labor6 July}}
1945		13 July}}
1945		{{small>1922–1946 (defeated)}} —Forde}}
16Ben Chifley
{{small|(1885–1951)}}		Labor{{small|13 July}}
1945		{{small|19 December}}
1949		Macquarie, NSW,
{{small|1928–1931 (defeated) ;
1940–1951 (died)}}		 —1st Chifley}}
19462nd Chifley}}
{{small|(12)Sir Robert Menzies
{{small|(1894–1978)}}		Liberal
{{small|(Coalition)}}		{{small|19 December}}
1949		{{small|26 January}}
1966		Kooyong, Vic,
{{small|1934–1966 (resigned)}}		 19494th Menzies}}
19515th Menzies}}
19546th Menzies}}
19557th Menzies}}
19588th Menzies}}
19619th Menzies}}
196310th Menzies}}
17Harold Holt
{{small|(1908–1967)}}		Liberal
{{small|(Coalition)}}		{{small|26 January}}
1966		{{small|19 December}}
1967{{small|†}}		Fawkner, Vic,
{{small|1935–1949}}
Higgins, Vic,
{{small|1949–1967 (disappeared)}}		 —1st Holt}}
19662nd Holt}}
18John McEwen
{{small|(1900–1980)}}		{{small>(Coalition)}}19 December}}
1967		10 January}}
1968		{{small>1934–1937}}
Indi, Vic,
{{small|1937–1949}}
Murray, Vic,
{{small|1949–1971 (resigned)}}		 —McEwen}}
19John Gorton
{{small|(1911–2002)}}		Liberal
{{small|(Coalition)}}		{{small|10 January}}
1968		{{small|10 March}}
1971		Senator {{small|1950–1968 (resigned)}}[47]

MP for Higgins, Vic,
{{small|1968–1975 (retired)}}[48]

 —1st Gorton}}
19692nd Gorton}}
20William McMahon
{{small|(1908–1988)}}		{{small>(Coalition)}}10 March}}
1971		5 December}}
1972		{{small>1949–1982 (resigned)}} —McMahon}}
21Gough Whitlam
{{small|(1916–2014)}}		Labor{{small|5 December}}
1972		{{small|11 November}}
1975		Werriwa, NSW,
{{small|1952–1978 (resigned)}}		 19721st Whitlam}}
—2nd Whitlam}}
19743rd Whitlam}}
22Malcolm Fraser
{{small|(1930–2015)}}		Liberal
{{small|(Coalition)}}		{{small|11 November}}
1975		{{small|11 March}}
1983		Wannon, Vic,
{{small|1955–1983 (resigned)}}		 —1st Fraser}}
19752nd Fraser}}
19773rd Fraser}}
19804th Fraser}}
23Bob Hawke
{{small|(1929–)}}		Labor{{small|11 March}}
1983		{{small|20 December}}
1991		Wills, Vic,
{{small|1980–1992 (resigned)}}		 19831st Hawke}}
19842nd Hawke}}
19873rd Hawke}}
19904th Hawke}}
24Paul Keating
{{small|(1944–)}}		Labor{{small|20 December}}
1991		{{small|11 March}}
1996		Blaxland, NSW,
{{small|1969–1996 (resigned)}}		 —1st Keating}}
19932nd Keating}}
25John Howard
{{small|(1939–)}}		Liberal
{{small|(Coalition)}}		{{small|11 March}}
1996		{{small|3 December}}
2007		Bennelong, NSW,
{{small|1974–2007 (defeated)}}		 19961st Howard}}
19982nd Howard}}
20013rd Howard}}
20044th Howard}}
26Kevin Rudd
{{small|(1957–)}}		 Labor3 December}}
2007		24 June}}
2010		{{small>1998–2013 (resigned)}} 20071st Rudd}}
27Julia Gillard
{{small|(1961–)}}		Labor{{small|24 June}}
2010		{{small|27 June}}
2013		Lalor, Vic,
{{small|1998–2013 (retired)}}		 —1st Gillard}}
20102nd Gillard}}
{{small|(26)Kevin Rudd
{{small|(1957–)}}		 Labor27 June}}
2013		18 September}}
2013		{{small>1998–2013 (resigned)}} —2nd Rudd}}
28Tony Abbott
{{small|(1957–)}}		{{small>(Coalition)}}18 September}}
2013		15 September}}
2015		{{small>since 1994}} 2013Abbott}}
29Malcolm Turnbull
{{small|(1954–)}}		Liberal
{{small|(Coalition)}}		{{small|15 September}}
2015		{{small|24 August}}
2018		Wentworth, NSW,
{{small| 2004–2018 (resigned)}}		 —1st Turnbull}}
20162nd Turnbull}}
30Scott Morrison
{{small|(1968–)}}		{{small>(Coalition)}}24 August}}
2018		 Incumbent{{small>since 2007}} —Morrison}}

See also

  • Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
  • List of Prime Ministers of Australia
  • List of Prime Ministers of Australia by age
  • List of Prime Ministers of Australia by time in office
  • List of Prime Ministers of Australia (graphical)
  • Historical rankings of Prime Ministers of Australia
  • Prime Ministers Avenue in Horse Chestnut Avenue in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens contains a collection of bronze busts of former Australian Prime Ministers.
  • Spouse of the Prime Minister of Australia
  • Transportation of the Prime Minister of Australia
  • List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition
  • Prime Ministers of Queen Elizabeth II
  • List of Commonwealth Heads of Government
  • List of Privy Counsellors (1952–present)
  • Prime Minister's XI

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|title=Heads of State, Government and Ministers for Foreign Affairs|url=https://www.un.int/protocol/sites/www.un.int/files/Protocol%20and%20Liaison%20Service/hspmfm.pdf|website=UN|publisher=United Nations Foreign and Protocol Service}}
2. ^1 {{cite book|title=Australia's Constitution : With Overview and Notes by the Australian Government Solicitor.|date=2010|publisher=Parliamentary Education Office and Australian Government Solicitor|location=Canberra|isbn=9781742293431|page=v|edition= Pocket|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/Constitution.aspx}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=9 - Motions|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/Powers_practice_and_procedure/Practice6/Practice6HTML?file=Chapter9§ion=07&fullscreen=1|website=House of Representatives Practice, 6th Ed – HTML version|publisher=Parliament of Australia|accessdate=23 February 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Scott Morrison sworn in as Australia's 30th Prime Minister |publisher=ABC News |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-15/malcolm-turbull-sworn-in-as-new-prime-minister/6777416|accessdate=23 August 2018|date=15 September 2015}}
5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/Senate_Briefs/Brief14 |title=No. 14 - Ministers in the Senate |date=December 2016 |website=Senate Briefs |publisher=Parliament of Australia}}
6. ^{{cite web|last1=Kerr|first1=John|title=Statement from John Kerr (dated 11 November 1975) explaining his decisions.|url=http://whitlamdismissal.com/documents/kerr-statement.shtml|website=WhitlamDismissal.com|accessdate=11 January 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=HANDBOOK;id=handbook%2Fnewhandbook%2F2008-12-19%2F0090;query=Id%3A%22handbook%2Fnewhandbook%2F2008-12-19%2F0071%22|title=ParlInfo – Part 6 – Historical information on the Australian Parliament : Ministries and Cabinets|work=aph.gov.au}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://australianpolitics.com/executive/pm/prime-minister-roles-powers-restraints|title=Prime Minister: Roles, Powers and Restraints|publisher=Australian Politics}}
9. ^{{cite web|last1=Kerr|first1=John|title=Statement from John Kerr (dated 11 November 1975) explaining his decisions.|url=http://whitlamdismissal.com/documents/kerr-statement.shtml|website=WhitlamDismissal.com|accessdate=11 January 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dpmc.gov.au/resource-centre/government/administrative-arrangements-order-1-september-2016|title=Administrative Arrangements Order|date=1 September 2016|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|accessdate=11 January 2017|work=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet|format=PDF}}
11. ^https://www.coag.gov.au/about-coag
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13. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/money/money-matters/prime-minister-pollies-grab-rich-pay-rises/story-e6frfmd9-1225909630520 |work=Herald Sun |location=Australia | title=Politicians awarded secret pay rise | first=Phillip | last=Hudson | date=25 August 2010}}
14. ^  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413222609/http://www.remtribunal.gov.au/determinationsReports/Current%20Principal%20Determinations/2012/2012-02%20Determination.pdf |date=13 April 2013 }}
15. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/money/senator-lashes-out-as-pollies-given-another-5500-pay-rise/story-e6frfmci-1226416182460 | work=Herald Sun | title=Tony Abbott defends increase in MP salary, saying he's working hard for every Australian | date=5 July 2012}}
16. ^{{cite news|last=Peatling|first=Stephanie|title=PM's salary tops $500,000|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/pms-salary-tops-500000-20130613-2o75b.html|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald|date=14 June 2013}}
17. ^{{cite news|last=Mannheim|first= Markus|title=Politicians, judges and top public servants to gain 2% pay rise after wage freeze|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/public-service/politicians-judges-and-top-public-servants-to-gain-2-pay-rise-after-wage-freeze-20151209-gljesr.html|newspaper=Canberra Times|date=10 December 2015}}
18. ^{{cite news|title=Politicians under fire for pay increases while penalty rates cut, One Nation wants to reject rise|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-23/politicians-under-fire-for-pay-increases-while-penalty-rates-cut/8646872|date=23 June 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.remtribunal.gov.au/search?search=Members%20of%20Parliament|title=Remuneration Tribunal - Members of Parliament}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.remtribunal.gov.au/search?search=Members%20of%20Parliament|title=Remuneration Tribunal - Members of Parliament|last=|first=|date=|website=Remuneration Tribunal|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 January 2019}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.remtribunal.gov.au/search?search=Members%20of%20Parliament|title=Remuneration Tribunal - Members of Parliament|last=|first=|date=|website=Remuneration Tribunal|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 January 2019}}
22. ^[https://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/act/report-blames-abbott-government-for-renovation-nightmare-at-the-lodge-20170818-gxzbd9.html Canberra Times, 18 August 2017]. Retrieved 12 June 2018
23. ^{{cite news|last=Metherell|first=Mark|title=Rudds' staff extends to a child carer at the Lodge|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/rudds-staff-extends-to-a-child-carer-at-the-lodge/2008/02/18/1203190740533.html|accessdate=24 June 2010|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=19 February 2008}}
24. ^{{cite web|author=CarAdvice.com.au |url=http://www.caradvice.com.au/27616/over-25-of-government-car-fleet-foreign-made/ |title=25% of government car fleet foreign made |publisher=Car Advice |date=6 April 2009|accessdate=12 December 2011}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/feb/07/malcolm-turnbull-to-scrap-life-gold-pass-for-former-mp|title=Malcolm Turnbull to scrap Life Gold Pass for former MPs|first=Gareth|last=Hutchens|date=7 February 2017|website=the Guardian}}
26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/watt-william-alexander-9011 |title=Australian Dictionary of Biography – William Alexander Watt |accessdate=21 October 2014|work=ADB ANU}}
27. ^{{Cite web|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/pearce-sir-george-foster-7996 |title=Australian Dictionary of Biography – Sir George Foster Pearce |accessdate=21 October 2014|work=ADB ANU}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/the-special-moment-seven-surviving-prime-ministers-were-photographed-together-20141105-11hfm0.html|title=The 'special moment' seven surviving Prime Ministers were photographed together|first=Lisa|last=Cox|publisher=}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/chifley/after-office.aspx|title=After office|work=naa.gov.au}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://apo.org.au/source/prime-minister-australia|title=Prime Minister of Australia|work=Australian Policy Online|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150917000622/http://apo.org.au/source/prime-minister-australia|archivedate=17 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}
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34. ^1 2 The Electoral Division of Ballaarat was spelled with a double a until 1977.
35. ^{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last=Norris |first= R. |year=1981 |id=A080275b |title= Deakin, Alfred (1856–1919) |accessdate=2008-10-21}}
36. ^1 {{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last= Nairn |first= Bede |year= 1990 |id= A120450b |title= Watson, John Christian (1867–1941) |accessdate= 2008-10-21 }}
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41. ^{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last=Radi |first=Heather |year=1979 |id=A070460b |title=Bruce, Stanley Melbourne [Viscount Bruce] (1883–1967)|accessdate=2008-10-21}}
42. ^{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last=Robertson |first=J. R. |year=1988 |id=A110568b |title=Scullin, James Henry (1876–1953) |accessdate=2008-10-21}}
43. ^{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last= Hart |first= P. R. |coauthors=Lloyd, C. J. |year=1986 |id=A100181b |title= Lyons, Joseph Aloysius (1879–1939)|accessdate=2008-10-21 }}
44. ^{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last=Bridge |first=Carl |id=A110127b |title=Page, Sir Earle Christmas Grafton (1880–1961) |accessdate=2008-10-21}}
45. ^1 {{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last=Martin |first=A. W. |id=A150416b |title=Menzies, Sir Robert Gordon (Bob) (1894–1978) |accessdate=2008-11-22}}
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47. ^Gorton was elected to the Senate at the general election of 10 December 1949, but his term did not commence until 22 February 1950. He was appointed Prime Minister on 10 January 1968; resigned from the Senate on 1 February; and was elected to the House of Representatives at a by-election on 24 February.
48. ^Gorton retired from the House of Representatives at the double dissolution of 11 November 1975, and stood for an Australian Capital Territory Senate seat as an independent at the general election of 13 December 1975, but was unsuccessful.

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book| first=Norman |last=Abjorensen| title=The Manner of Their Going: Prime Ministerial Exits from Lyne to Abbott|year=2015| publisher=Australian Scholarly |isbn=9781925333213|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book| first=Michelle|last=Grattan|authorlink=Michelle Grattan|title=Australian Prime Ministers| year=2016| publisher=New Holland | isbn=9781742579337|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book| first=Colin |last=Hughes| authorlink=Colin Hughes|title=Mr Prime Minister: Australian Prime Ministers 1901–1972|year=1976| publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0195504712|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |first=Paul|last=Strangio|chapter=Evaluating Prime-Ministerial Performance: The Australian Experience|title=Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance: Comparative Perspectives |editor1-first=Paul|editor1-last=Strangio|editor2-first=Paul|editor2-last='t Hart|editor3-first=James |editor3-last=Walter|publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780199666423 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |first1=Paul|last1=Strangio|first2= Paul|last2='t Hart|first3=James|last3=Walter | title = Settling the Office: The Australian Prime Ministership from Federation to Reconstruction | publisher = Melbourne University Press | year = 2016 | isbn = 9780522868722 |ref=harv }}
  • {{cite book|first1=Paul|last1=Strangio|first2= Paul|last2='t Hart|first3=James|last3=Walter | title = The Pivot of Power: Australian Prime Ministers and Political Leadership, 1949-2016 | publisher = Melbourne University Press | year = 2017 | isbn = 9780522868746 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|first=Don|last=Whitington|authorlink=Don Whitington|title=Twelfth Man?|publisher=Jacaranda Press|year=1972|isbn=0701605855 |ref=harv}}

External links

{{Commons category}}{{Library resources box|by=no|onlinebooks=no|about=yes|wikititle=Prime Minister of Australia}}
  • Official website of the Prime Minister of Australia
  • Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet
  • Australia's Prime Ministers – National Archives of Australia reference site and research portal
  • Biographies of Australia's Prime Ministers / National Museum of Australia
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080718201628/http://dl.filmaust.com.au/tag/Prime+Ministers/ Classroom resources on Australian Prime Ministers]
{{Prime Ministers of Australia}}{{Lists of Prime Ministers of Australia}}{{Parliament of Australia}}{{Politics of Australia}}{{Heads of state and government of Oceania}}{{Prime Minister}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Prime Minister Of Australia}}

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