“Primus (band)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Primus is an American rock band based in San Francisco, California, currently composed of bassist/vocalist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry "Ler" LaLonde and drummer Tim "Herb" Alexander. Primus originally formed in 1984 with Claypool and guitarist Todd Huth, later joined by drummer Jay Lane, though the latter two departed the band at the end of 1988. Featuring LaLonde and Alexander, Primus recorded their debut Suck on This in 1989, followed by four studio albums: Frizzle Fry, Sailing the Seas of Cheese, Pork Soda, and Tales from the Punchbowl. Alexander left the band in 1996, replaced by Bryan "Brain" Mantia, and Primus went on to record the original theme song for the TV show South Park and two more albums, Brown Album and Antipop, before declaring a hiatus in 2000.

In 2003, Claypool and LaLonde reunited with Alexander and released a DVD/EP, Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People, before touring sporadically through 2009. In 2010, Lane rejoined Primus, replacing Alexander, and the band released their seventh album, Green Naugahyde, in 2011. In 2013, Lane left the band to focus on other projects, and Tim Alexander rejoined once again. They have released some of their records on Claypool's own label Prawn Song Records.

Primus is characterized by its irreverent, quirky approach to music. Robert Christgau once remarked: "[Primus is] quite possibly the strangest top-10 band ever, and good for them."^[1]

Band history

The early years and Frizzle Fry (1984–1990)

Primus began as Primate in El Sobrante, California, in 1984 with singer and bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Todd Huth, and a LinnDrum drum machine. The duo initially had trouble finding a drummer, until Claypool's friend Vince "Perm" Parker returned home from a stint in the army, and together the three of them recorded their first demo, financed by Claypool selling his car.^[2]^[3] Primate changed their name to Primus after "about a month" when they were approached by a group called the Primates threatening legal action over the similarity of their names.^[3] Parker was soon replaced by the band's second drummer, Peter Libby, who was himself replaced by Robbie Bean, before the band eventually settled on Tim "Curveball" Wright in 1986.^[4] After rising to fame in the local music scene with their brand of funk metal fusion, reaching the point where they were "selling out Berkeley Square", Wright left Primus in the summer of 1988 to be replaced by Jay Lane, drummer with the Freaky Executives, who were "getting dicked around by their record company", as Claypool later described it.^[3]

After recording another demo, titled Sausage, Lane left Primus at the end of 1988 when "something good happened" with the Freaky Executives' record deal.^[3] Huth also left the band soon after, wishing to dedicate more time to his family.^[3] In 1987, Primus was put on hold briefly and Claypool rejoined his former band, Blind Illusion, who at the time also featured one-time Joe Satriani student and ex-Possessed guitarist Larry "Ler" LaLonde.^[5] Claypool recruited LaLonde to reform Primus together with Tim "Herb" Alexander, drummer with the Arizona-based group Major Lingo, and a month later,^[3]^[11] the trio recorded their first album: Suck on This (1989), a live recording culled from two of their Berkeley concerts, funded by a loan from Claypool's father.^[6] Bryan "Brain" Mantia (who later joined the band in 1996) was briefly a member of the band during this time period, before a broken foot forced him to leave the group.^[7]

In 1990, the band released their first studio album, Frizzle Fry, and released singles for "John the Fisherman" and "Too Many Puppies". With a music video featuring Kirk Hammett, a studio album and a tour with Jane's Addiction, Primus' popularity grew to the point where they attracted attention from Interscope Records, who signed them in 1990.

Seas of Cheese, Pork Soda and Tales from the Punchbowl (1991–1996)

Primus's major label debut was the album Sailing the Seas of Cheese. The album was supported by the singles "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" and "Tommy the Cat", both of which appeared on MTV. A third single, "Those Damned Blue-Collar Tweekers", was also released but did not feature a video. The band appeared as contestants for the Battle of the Bands in Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey and made music for a Beavis and Butt-Head tribute album with a song entitled "Poetry and Prose". With a major label behind them, Sailing the Seas of Cheese went gold. The band then toured in support of Rush, U2, Anthrax, Public Enemy, and Fishbone.

After the release of Sailing the Seas of Cheese, in 1992 Primus released a cover song EP Miscellaneous Debris, with their version of XTC's "Making Plans for Nigel" receiving enough airplay to reach No. 30 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart.^[8]

In 1993, Primus released Pork Soda, which managed to debut at No. 7 on the Billboard Top 10. The album was darker than previous Primus efforts, dealing with murder, suicide, and alienation. The band has commented that prior to recording, they had been touring for nearly two solid years and were thus in a sombre mood. "My Name Is Mud" was the first single, the band's only entry in the U.S. Alternative Songs Top 10. "DMV" and "Mr. Krinkle" followed, the latter made into a video featuring Claypool in a pig suit and tuxedo playing upright bass in an abandoned warehouse as a carnival of oddities parades behind him, including Claypool's wife and her twin sister. Claypool said he put his "heart and soul" into the video, but it received next to no airtime on MTV. In an interview with Guitar World magazine, Claypool disparaged the channel's unwillingness to air the video, saying "it got played like six times."

Pork Soda was recorded at the band's rehearsal space in San Rafael. The band would subsequently record all of their albums at Les Claypool's home studio called Rancho Relaxo.

In 1993 Primus headlined the alternative rock festival Lollapalooza. They also made an appearance at the Woodstock '94 Music Festival. They were pelted with mud while they performed "My Name Is Mud".^[9] About a minute into the song the band stopped playing, and Claypool said, "Well I opened a big-ass can of worms with that one, didn't I? The song is called 'My Name Is Mud', but keep the mud to yourselves you son-of-a-bitch."^[10]

During a lull in 1994, the early Primus lineup consisting of Claypool, Huth, and Lane reunited to record Riddles Are Abound Tonight under the band name Sausage, named after the demo they had recorded together in 1988. Among the songs they recorded is an early version of "The Toys Go Winding Down", retitled "Toyz 1988". The video for the title track "Riddles Are Abound Tonight" featured the band in blue leotards performing on stationary bicycles.

In 1995 Primus released their fourth album, Tales from the Punchbowl. It contained Primus's most successful single to date, which is the Grammy-nominated "Wynona's Big Brown Beaver". The song was accompanied by a video with the band members dressed up in cartoonish plastic cowboy costumes (similar to the suits worn in the then current Duracell battery commercials). The band was invited to perform on the Late Show with David Letterman and Late Night with Conan O'Brien. On the David Letterman show Primus appeared dressed in penguin tuxedos. Two other less successful singles, "Mrs. Blaileen" and "Southbound Pachyderm" (the latter of which featured a claymation video that received only minimal airplay on MTV) were also released.

In 1996 Claypool self-produced his first solo album entitled Les Claypool and the Holy Mackerel Presents Highball with the Devil. On this album many of the songs are done solely by Claypool himself. Claypool also employs the help of a number of other musicians. Experimental Bay Area guitarist M.I.R.V. joined Claypool and others. Performances include a spoken word piece from Henry Rollins on the song "Delicate Tendrils". This album was recorded at Rancho Relaxo.

Brown Album, Antipop and hiatus (1997–2002)

Alexander left the band and was replaced by Bryan "Brain" Mantia of Limbomaniacs and Praxis. Claypool stated "Herb's departure was like a marriage that just slowly decayed to an end."^[11] With Mantia aboard, Primus were asked in 1996 to compose the theme song to South Park. Primus also later contributed to the Chef Aid album with the song "Mephisto and Kevin".

Brown Album was released in 1997 and supported by the singles "Shake Hands with Beef" and "Over the Falls". In 1998, the band headlined the inaugural Sno-Core tour with the Aquabats, Long Beach Dub Allstars and Blink 182.

In late 1998, Primus released the Rhinoplasty EP, which features covers of acts like XTC, the Police and Peter Gabriel. The EP also includes two live recordings of Primus, as well as bonus content accessed through a CD-ROM portion of the CD. It was shortly followed by the video release Videoplasty.

In 2000 Primus performed a cover of Black Sabbath{{'}}s song "N.I.B." featuring vocals by Ozzy Osbourne. The track originally appeared on the album Nativity in Black II: A Tribute to Black Sabbath. The track was also released as part of Ozzy's 2005 Prince of Darkness box set.

During this hiatus, Alexander released two albums with the band Laundry and performed with Blue Man Group, A Perfect Circle, and Born Naked, among others. Claypool explored the jam band scene with Oysterhead (featuring friend Trey Anastasio of Phish and Stewart Copeland of the Police) and his own Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade (featuring both Huth and Lane). He also collaborated with Brain, Buckethead and Bernie Worrell in the group Colonel Claypool's Bucket of Bernie Brains.

Reformation (2003–2009)

In late 2003, Primus reunited with Tim Alexander on drums to record a five track EP. Released alongside a DVD containing the band's music videos and clips from live performances, the resulting package was titled Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People. The band staged a two-month tour performing two sets per show, the second consisting of their 1991 release Sailing the Seas of Cheese in its entirety. 2004 saw them continue touring, this time performing their 1990 release Frizzle Fry in its entirety. For these two tours, the band sold recordings directly recorded from the sound-board online. The performance in Chicago was videotaped and released as a DVD titled Hallucino-Genetics: Live 2004. They also performed a set at Bonnarroo in 2004, a late night set featuring a cover of "YYZ" by Rush and a guest appearance by Adrian Belew on "Thela Hun Ginjeet" a King Crimson cover.

In 2005 the band performed at Lollapalooza and Vegoose. Between Primus shows, Claypool created a new solo project called Les Claypool's Fancy Band which, like other projects, occasionally used Primus songs.

A May 10, 2006 article in IGN revealed that Primus had signed on with RedOctane to allow the master recording of John the Fisherman to be used in Guitar Hero 2, a game for the PlayStation 2 and {{nowrap|Xbox 360}}.^[16]

Primus performed on July 29, 2006, at the first annual Hedgpeth Festival in Twin Lakes, Wisconsin.

On October 17, 2006, Primus released both their first greatest hits CD They Can't All Be Zingers, as well as their third DVD Blame It on the Fish: an Abstract Look at the 2003 Primus Tour de Fromage. Containing live footage from the band's 2003 Tour de Fromage, interview segments and behind the scenes footage, the DVD includes a 70-minute feature film and 90 minutes of bonus material, including a 30-minute mockumentary about the band in the year 2065. Blame it on the Fish was directed by Matthew J. Powers. They Can't All Be Zingers: The Best of Primus includes 16 digitally remastered songs that span the band's career.

In November 2006, Primus commenced another tour which concluded the following month. They played at a few festivals in 2008, including the Rothbury Festival (in Michigan), the Ottawa Blues Fest, the Quebec City Summer Festival, and the Outside Lands Festival (in San Francisco), followed by their first annual Oddity Faire tour in March, 2009.^[17] On November 24, 2009, Prawn Song re-released the band's first studio album, Frizzle Fry, on vinyl record, along with some of Claypool's solo albums.

It was revealed in 2011 that Alexander lacked interest in continuing Primus, despite enthusiasm from LaLonde and Claypool.^[11] Claypool hinted that the band could have recorded with Alexander, but that "when we did readdress Primus in '03 and '06, it was more of a nostalgic thing. It was great at the time, but it just didn't have that creative spark as far as moving forward",^[11] and thus the reformation instead focused on touring.

Green Naugahyde (2010–2013)

On March 18, 2010, it was announced by Phil Lesh on his official message board that former Primus drummer Jay Lane would be leaving his previous band Furthur to rejoin Primus.^[18] On May 3, 2010, Primus announced a new tour with Gogol Bordello, Wolfmother, and the Dead Kenny G's.^[19]^[20] The press release for the tour revealed that the band were looking to "refine their chops before heading into the studio to record their first album of brand new music since 1999's Antipop."^[21] Correlating with this announcement, the Primus website was updated with an animation of an elevator with its twelfth floor featuring a stylized question mark, and a sign reading "Primus will be with you shortly", alluding to future plans. In 2011, Claypool elaborated on the band's decision to record an album, stating that "(Lane) coming back has just breathed life back into the project. We did some touring, and we decided, "Let's go make a record," because we were creating things on the road."^[22]

On August 5, 2010, Primus released June 2010 Rehearsal, a free four-track rehearsal EP available for download on their official website. The EP consists of new recordings of previously released Primus songs featuring Jay Lane on drums.

Primus began their second annual Oddity Faire tour on September 14, 2010, with opening acts Portugal. The Man, Split Lip Rayfield, Mariachi El Bronx, the New Orleans Bingo! Show, Mucca Pazza and Gogol Bordello. The Squidling Brothers Circus Sideshow performers also entertained the crowd between bands on select dates. To promote this tour, Primus appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live! in September. The Oddity Faire tour did not include dates in Primus's hometown, the San Francisco Bay Area, because for promotional purposes it was too near to the planned New Year's dates December 30 and 31 in Oakland.^[23]

Their song "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" is included in the video game Rock Band 3, which was released October 26, 2010.^[24]

In interviews conducted backstage at the Soundwave Festival in March 2011, Claypool said of the new Primus album "we've recorded it, we just need to polish it", and that the release date "should be around May or so".^[25] He also described the new material as being "very reminiscent of Frizzle Fry".^[26] In May, it was revealed that the album was complete and had been named Green Naugahyde, though the release date was pushed back to July to avoid the holidays.^[27] On June 6, a press release was issued announcing that the album would be released by ATO Records and Prawn Song on September 13, 2011.^[28] A second press release was later issued announcing that the album would be released in Europe on September 12.^[29] On August 17, the track "Tragedy's a' Comin'" was made available to stream via the Spin magazine website,^[30] followed by "HOINFODAMAN" on September 1 via the Rolling Stone site.^[31] On September 8, the TV show South Park made the entire album available for streaming to anybody who "likes" their Facebook page, including "Those Damned Blue-Collar Tweekers" as a bonus track.^[32]

Primus continued to tour throughout 2011, playing a number of dates in North America in May and June, including the Bonnaroo Music Festival,^[33] followed by a tour of Europe from late June to mid July. They then returned to America to play a few more music festivals leading into early August, including a show at the Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Denver, Colorado with the Flaming Lips, before embarking on a "major fall tour" in support of the new album.^[28]

In the fall of 2012, the band went on tour with the "first ever" 3D-enhanced live musical performance. Each show featured Quad Surround Sound and 3D visuals.^[34]

Electric Grapevine and the Chocolate Factory (2013–2017)

In September 2013, Claypool revealed that Lane had departed Primus to focus on RatDog with Bob Weir. Previous drummer Tim Alexander has rejoined the band in his place. Claypool also revealed that the band were "talking about going into the studio in November. But it's all a little premature - we'll see what happens".^[35] In December, Tim revealed that the band had been "in Les's studio working on stuff for the new year's show but I don't know if there are any plans for releasing that." When asked about performing new material during the 2014 Australia tour, he said "looking at [the band's touring schedule], it doesn't look like there's going to be any time to write anything new."^[36]

The first official Primus show with Alexander back on drums was New Year's Eve 2013 at the Fox Theater in Oakland. The band performed their first set in front of the iconic Suck On This backdrop seen in the "Too Many Puppies" music video. For their second set, Primus were joined by "the Frog Brigade Ensemble", consisting of saxophonist Skerik and percussionist Mike Dillon, as they performed the soundtrack from the 1971 film Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory in its entirety. The band later announced that a studio recording of the soundtrack, titled Primus & the Chocolate Factory with the Fungi Ensemble, would be released on October 21, 2014.^[37]

On September 16, 2014, a biography of the band was released via Akashic Books titled Primus, Over the Electric Grapevine: Insight into Primus and the World of Les Claypool, written by music journalist and author Greg Prato in affiliation with Primus.^[38] The book chronicles the band's career alongside Claypool's other projects and features interviews with band members past and present, as well as Geddy Lee, Tom Waits, Tom Morello, Kirk Hammett, Stewart Copeland, Trey Anastasio, and Matt Stone, among others.

In late October 2015, the band released the first music video from their Primus & the Chocolate Factory with the Fungi Ensemble album, for the track "Candyman".

In mid October 2016, the band performed at the fifth annual Desert Daze music festival in Joshua Tree, California.^[39]

The Desaturating Seven (2017–present)

On July 31, 2017, Primus announced their ninth studio album The Desaturating Seven and a US tour. On that same day, the album's first single "The Seven" was also released. The album is inspired by the children's book The Rainbow Goblins, written by Italian author Ul de Rico, which lead singer and bassist Les Claypool used to read to his children.^[40] It was released on September 29, 2017. During their co-headling tour with Mastodon in 2018, the band played the album in its entirety.^[41]

Musical style, legacy and influences

Unlike other bands associated with the 1990s alternative music movement, Primus emerged from a mostly heavy metal background, with Claypool and LaLonde previously a part of the 1980s Californian thrash metal underground.^[42]^[43] Kirk Hammett, guitarist of Bay Area thrash metal band Metallica, stated in a 1991 interview that Primus are "unique, they're a square peg in a round hole".^[44] The music of Primus has been described as "thrash-funk meets Don Knotts, Jr."^[45] and "the Freak Brothers set to music".^[46] Also, Primus has been categorized as alternative rock,^[47]^[58] alternative metal,^[48] experimental rock,^[47]^[49]^[50]^[63] funk rock,^[51]^[52]^[53]^[54] funk metal,^[47]^[55]^[56]^[57]^[58]^[59]^[60]^[61]^[62]^[63]^[64]^[65]^[66] progressive rock,^[45]^[55]^[67]^[68] and "thrash-funk".^[58]^[69] Regarding the band's genre, Claypool has stated "We've been lumped in with the funk metal thing just about everywhere. I guess people just have to categorise you".^[70] MTV suggests that Primus is "a post-punk Rush spiked with the sensibility and humor of Frank Zappa".^[71] Les Claypool himself once described their music as "psychedelic polka."^[72] Spin have labelled Primus as "pranksters" and an "unlikely gold-selling white trash purveyor of hard-ass pinballing funk metal".^[62]^[73]

Primus is the only band with its own ID3 genre tag, 'Primus', as introduced by Winamp.^[74] Primus' influences include King Crimson,^[72]^[75]^[76] the Residents, Rush, Pink Floyd^[77] and Hillel Slovak-era Red Hot Chili Peppers.^[78] Notably, Claypool has lifted much of his vocal and music style from the Residents.^[79]

The band have been credited as an influence to the nu metal genre,^[80] with bands such as Deftones,^[81] Korn,^[101] Limp Bizkit,^[82] Incubus,^[81] Pressure 4-5^[83] and Pleymo^[84]^[85] all having been inspired by Primus. Limp Bizkit's frontman Fred Durst, who co-produced the Primus album Antipop, stated in 1999 "I fucking love Primus. Spawned by pure rhythms, Primus has and always will be the most innovative and original source of groove to influence me in this decade. If you listen you will learn."^[86]

Primus is also known for their unique live performances that feature extended solos and improvisation. Many of their songs have been upgraded significantly with changed lyrics, added solos, and general alterations in musical composition. Les Claypool often plays the whamola during drum solos.

Band members

Timeline

Discography

Tours

Awards

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=Primus|title=CG: Primus|publisher=Robert Christgau}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Les Claypool gets a Taste of the Big Time|publisher=Bass Player|website=ram.org|first=Karl|last=Coryat|authorlink=Karl Coryat|date=September 1992|url=http://www.ram.org/music/primus/articles/bp1.html|accessdate=September 23, 2006}}
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web|url=http://mama.indstate.edu/users/primus/html/primus_through_the_years.html|title=Primus Through the Years: Les Claypool Reflects on His Past|author=Michael Goldberg|work=Addicted to Noise|accessdate=May 1, 2011}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Primus family tree|url=http://www.ram.org/music/primus/misc/family_tree.html|accessdate=April 29, 2011}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ram.org/music/primus/articles/les_bday_atn.html|title=You Say It's Your Birthday: Les Claypool of Primus|work=Addicted to Noise, via ram.org|author=Randy Reiss|date=September 1997|accessdate=May 1, 2011}}
6. ^Illustrated Discography, Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People DVD, 2003.
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/brian-brain-mantia-mn0000517342/biography|title=Brian "Brain" Mantia - Biography & History - AllMusic|website=AllMusic|accessdate=January 15, 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Primus Chart History, Singles|publisher=Billboard|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=primus|chart=all}}|accessdate=April 1, 2007}}
9. ^[https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6221688/exclusive-primus-les-claypool-talks-woodstock-94-20-years-later Primus' Les Claypool Talks Woodstock '94, 20 Years Later] billboard.com
10. ^https://www.jambase.com/article/full-show-friday-primus-at-woodstock-1994
11. ^Interview with Primus taken from BAM magazine, July 11, 1997. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
12. ^{{cite book |last1=Devenish |first1=Colin |title=Limp Bizkit |year=2000 |publisher=St. Martin's |isbn=0-312-26349-X |pages=159–60 }}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spin.com/reviews/primus-green-naugahyde-prawn-songato|title=Primus, 'Green Naugahyde'|first=Christopher|last=Schultz|publisher=Spin|accessdate=2012-11-24}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metalinjection.net/reviews/primus-emgreen-naugahydeem|title=CD Review: PRIMUS Green Naugahyde|first=Jeremy|last=Uley|publisher=Metal Injection|accessdate=2012-11-24}}
15. ^{{cite AV media notes | others=Primus | title=They Can't All Be Zingers| year=2006 |publisher=Interscope Records}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/707/707004p1.html|title=E3 2006: Rock Out with Primus on Guitar Hero II|author=Kathleen Sanders}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smnnews.com/2009/02/11/les-claypool-the-oddity-fair-tour-dates-bands/|title=Les Claypool 'The Oddity Fair' Tour Dates, Bands|work=SMN News|date=February 11, 2009|accessdate=May 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103044953/http://www.smnnews.com/2009/02/11/les-claypool-the-oddity-fair-tour-dates-bands/|archive-date=November 3, 2010|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philzone.org/ |title=Phil Lesh, Furthur, Grateful Dead Phan Forum |publisher=Philzone.org |date= |accessdate=2011-10-22}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/denver/articles/primus-announces-headlining-tour-new-album,40715|title=Primus announces headlining tour, new album|author=Tuyet Nguyen}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.crittersbuggin.com/01live.html |title=Critters Buggin official website |publisher=Crittersbuggin.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-22}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spinner.com/2010/05/03/primus-returns-tour-new-album|title=Primus Returns to the Road, Plans New Album|publisher=Spinner.com|accessdate=2014-04-11}}
22. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/les-claypool-return-of-drummer-jay-lane-has-breathed-life-back-into-primus-20110610|title=Return of Drummer Jay Lane has 'Breathed Life' Back Into Primus|work=Rolling Stone|author=Greg Prato|date=June 10, 2011|accessdate=June 12, 2011}}
23. ^Aidin Vaziri Pop Quiz: Les Claypool of Primus {{dead link|date=July 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} sfgate.com July 18, 2010
24. ^{{cite web| title=Harmonix Responds To Rock Band 3 Set List "Leaks" By Revealing Entire Set List| url=http://g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/707034/Harmonix-Responds-To-Rock-Band-3-Set-List-Leaks-By-Revealing-Entire-Set-List.html| last=Johnson| first=Stephen| publisher=G4 Media, Inc.| date=August 20, 2010| accessdate=October 29, 2010}}
25. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h43DO7vIXD8 Primus Interview: Soundwave TV 2011]. March 10, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
26. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXudFQWe6Zc Primus Interview - The Knave interviews for BEAT TV at The Melbourne Soundwave 2011]. March 7, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lagniappemobile.com/article.asp?articleID=4519&SID=14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720015627/http://www.lagniappemobile.com/article.asp?articleID=4519&SID=14|archivedate=2011-07-20|title=Primus brings 'saccharine nightmare' to Gulf Shores|publisher=LagniappeMobile.com|author=Steve Centanni|date=May 17, 2011|accessdate=May 18, 2011}}
28. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.theprp.com/2011/06/06/news/primus-to-release-new-album-in-september/|title=Primus to Release New Album in September|author=Press release|publisher=theprp.com|date=June 6, 2011|accessdate=June 8, 2011}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Indie Distrobution Nyheter 17.06.2011|url=http://www.indiedist.no/files/newsletters/INDIE%2017.06.2011.pdf|author=European press release|publisher=indiedist.no|date=June 17, 2011|accessdate=June 22, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813091402/http://www.indiedist.no/files/newsletters/INDIE%2017.06.2011.pdf|archivedate=August 13, 2011|df=mdy-all}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Primus Return with First New Song|url=https://www.spin.com/2011/08/exclusive-primus-return-first-new-song/|author=Kevin O'Donnell|work=Spin|date=August 17, 2011|accessdate=August 17, 2011}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/exclusive-stream-primus-twitchy-hoinfodaman-20110901|author=Matthew Perpetua|title=Exclusive Stream: Primus' Twitchy 'Hoinfodaman'|work=Rolling Stone|date=September 1, 2011|accessdate=September 1, 2011}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/southpark?sk=app_107256932692863|title=Exclusive Free Preview of Primus' New Album Green Naugahyde|publisher=South Park via Facebook|date=September 8, 2011|accessdate=September 10, 2011}}
33. ^{{cite web| title=Bonnaroo 2011 Lineup: Eminem, Arcade Fire, WSP, MMJ| url=http://www.jambase.com/Articles/Story.aspx?storyID=26140| publisher=Jambase.com| accessdate=2014-04-11| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830092612/http://www.jambase.com/Articles/Story.aspx?StoryID=26140| archivedate=August 30, 2011| df=mdy-all}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://consequenceofsound.net/2012/07/primus-announces-first-ever-3d-enhanced-tour/|title=Primus announces first-ever 3D-enhanced tour|first=Chris|last=Coplan|publisher=Consequence of Sound|accessdate=2012-10-22}}
35. ^{{cite web|title=Q&A: Les Claypool on Primus' Future and His TV Show With Dean Ween|work=Rolling Stone Magazine|author=Greg Prato|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/q-a-les-claypool-on-primus-future-and-his-tv-show-with-dean-ween-20130925|accessdate=September 25, 2013 }}
36. ^{{cite web|title=The AU Interview: Tim Alexander of Primus (US) talks Big Day Out|publisher=The AU Review|author=Callan Lawrence|url=http://www.theaureview.com/interviews/tim-alexander-primus-big-day-out|date=December 21, 2013|accessdate=December 30, 2013}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=Primus Wonka Album | Signs Point Towards October Release |publisher=JamBase.com|url=http://www.jambase.com/Articles/122283/Primus-Wonka-Album-Signs-Point-Towards-October-Release|date=July 24, 2014|accessdate=April 22, 2015}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Primus, Over the Electric Grapevine: Insight into Primus and the World of Les Claypool product page.|publisher=Akashic Books|url=http://www.akashicbooks.com/catalog/primus-over-the-electric-grapevine-insight-into-primus-and-the-world-of-les-claypool/|accessdate=April 22, 2015}}
39. ^{{cite web|title=Primus - Candyman (Official Video)|publisher=PrimusVEVO|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5C9jJ2O79XI|accessdate=February 27, 2016}}
40. ^{{cite web|title=Primus' Les Claypool on Mining Trippy Children's Book for New LP product page.|publisher=RollingStone|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/primus-les-claypool-on-mining-trippy-childrens-book-for-new-lp-w494798/|accessdate=August 1, 2017}}
41. ^[https://consequenceofsound.net/2018/01/primus-and-mastodon-announce-45-date-co-headlining-tour/ tour]
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/585987/Primus-relishes-Saltair-as-fans-gobble-up-show.html?pg=all|title=Primus relishes Saltair as fans gobble up show|date=September 29, 1997|publisher=|accessdate=December 11, 2017}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.relix.com/articles/detail/primus-a-hallucino-genetic-evolution|title=Primus: A Hallucino-Genetic Evolution|publisher=|accessdate=December 11, 2017}}
44. ^Guitar Player (Sep 91)
45. ^¹{{cite web|title=New Rage: The Funky|work=Guitar Player via ram.org|first=Joe|last=Gore|date=August 1991|url=http://www.ram.org/music/primus/articles/funky.html|accessdate=September 23, 2006}}
46. ^{{cite web|title=High Fryers|work=Metal Forces No. 54 via ram.org|url=http://www.ram.org/music/primus/articles/high_fryers.html|accessdate=September 23, 2006 }}
47. ^¹²{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyfreeman.com/general-news/20130602/mountain-jam-music-festival-kicks-off-thursday |title=Mountain Jam Music Festival kicks off Thursday |work=The Daily Freeman |date=June 2, 2013 |last=Mitchell |first=Paula Ann |accessdate=2015-08-17}}
48. ^{{cite book|last=Friedlander|first=Paul|title=Rock and Roll: A Social History|publisher=Westview Press|year=2006|isbn=0-8133-4306-2|page=296}}
49. ^{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.times-standard.com/tcw/ci_17671080 |title=Festival Roundup: a guide to some forthcoming band-gatherings - Times-Standard Online |publisher=Times-standard.com |date=2011-03-22 |accessdate=2014-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222070820/http://www.times-standard.com/tcw/ci_17671080 |archive-date=February 22, 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
50. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.soundspike.com/story/4639/primus-unleashes-plans-for-first-ever-3-d-tour/ |title=Primus unleashes plans for first-ever 3-D tour |publisher=Soundspike.com |date=2012-08-03 |accessdate=2014-04-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221210305/http://www.soundspike.com/story/4639/primus-unleashes-plans-for-first-ever-3-d-tour/ |archivedate=February 21, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
51. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.charlotteobserver.com/entertainment/music-news-reviews/article162322188.html |title=Review: Rock vets Primus and Clutch melt rain away on opening night |work=The Charlotte Observer |date=July 19, 2017 |accessdate=October 22, 2017}}
52. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.avclub.com/primus-new-album-about-rainbow-goblins-is-somehow-its-1818817793 |title=Primus' new album about rainbow goblins is somehow its most digestible |last=Corcoran |first=Nina |date=September 28, 2017 |work=The A.V. Club |accessdate=October 22, 2017}}
53. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/01/06/144690518/primus-on-world-cafe |title=Primus On World Cafe |publisher=NPR |date=January 6, 2012 |accessdate=October 22, 2017}}
54. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.times-standard.com/article/ZZ/20110524/NEWS/110529340 |title=Harmony Festival to unite The Flaming Lips, Primus, Michael Franti and more |work=Times-Standard |last=Cochrane |first=Myles |date=May 24, 2011 |accessdate=October 22, 2017}}
55. ^¹²{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p5181|tab=biography|label=Primus Biography|first=Stephen Thomas|last=Erlewine|accessdate=November 27, 2009}} Appeared earlier in the book All Music Guide on [https://books.google.com/books?id=xR7MdpuSlAEC&pg=PT290 page 290] in 2001 and on [https://books.google.com/books?id=1-pH4i3jXvAC&pg=PA888 page 888] in 2002.
56. ^¹{{cite journal |url=http://www.musicomh.com/reviews/albums/primus-primus-chocolate-factory-fungi-ensemble |title=Album Reviews: Primus – Primus & The Chocolate Factory and the Fungi Ensemble |date=November 3, 2014 |first=Dylan |last=Kilby |work=Music OMH }}
57. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/31/arts/music/31vinc.html?pagewanted=print|title=If You Won't Play the Album, They'll Sing It, From the Top|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=2014-04-11}}
58. ^¹{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z9fMwxwJ7tkC&pg=PA39 |page=39 |title=The Thrash-Funk scene proudly presents Primus |last=Darzin |first=Daina |last2=Spencer |first2=Lauren |work=Spin |date=January 1991 |volume=6 |number=10}}
59. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bu9Hd8H2kRgC&pg=PA51 |page=51 |title=Metallica: The Frayed Ends of Metal |last=Crocker |first=Chris |publisher=Macmillan |year=1993 |isbn=9780312086350}}
60. ^{{cite book |title=The Rolling Stone Jazz & Blues Album Guide |page=337 |last=Swenson |first=John |publisher=Random House |year=1999 |isbn=9780679768739}}
61. ^{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XyoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA57 |page=57 |title=Primus: Antipop |last=Wolf |first=Mike |date=November 1999 |work=CMJ New Music Monthly |issn=1074-6978 |number=75}}
62. ^¹{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPK6NgwlOaAC&pg=PA72 |page=72 |title=Primus: Tales from the Punchbowl |last=Gehr |first=Richard |work=Spin |date=July 1995 |volume=11 |number=4 |issn=0886-3032 |quote=Primus, unlikely gold-selling white trash purveyor of bad-ass pinballing funk-metal ...}}
63. ^{{cite journal |url=http://bassmusicianmagazine.com/2010/09/les-claypool-becomes-a-professor-at-bootsy-collins-funk-university/ |title=Les Claypool Becomes A Professor At Bootsy Collins' Funk University |work=Bass Musician |date=September 9, 2010 |last=Amador |first=Valery |quote=Primus' breakthrough 1991 album Sailing The Seas Of Cheese was for many their introduction to 'funk-metal', a genre Claypool has become synonymous with thanks to his frenetic, virtuosic combination of strumming, tapping and slapping, a style which and has spawned legions of imitators.}}
64. ^{{cite journal |url=http://thequietus.com/articles/12625-primus-les-claypool-interview |title=Sailing The Seas Of Cheese Revisited: Les Claypool Of Primus Interviewed |last=Terlino |first=Craig |work=The Quietus |date=June 24, 2013 |quote= ... Primus proved part of that crossover between funk and metal, continuously and carefully reinventing it, bringing it into the 90s and far beyond.}}
65. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.guitarworld.com/primus-set-release-new-album-green-naugahyde-september |title=Primus Set To Release New Album, 'Green Naugahyde,' This September |last=Hart|first=Josh |date=June 6, 2011 |work=Guitar World }}
66. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1999/dec/04/entertainment/ca-40260 |date=December 4, 1999 |title=Primus Mixes Metal With a Bit of Satire |last=Weingarten |first=Mark |work=Los Angeles Times}}
67. ^{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=style|id=alternative-metal-ma0000012328|pure_url=yes}}|title=Alternative Metal|work=AllMusic|accessdate=2012-10-19}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,288930,00.html|title=Young and the Listeless|first=Rob|last=Brunner|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=2012-10-18}}
69. ^{{cite journal |title=New Rage: The Funky |last=Gore |first=Joe |work=Guitar Player |date=August 1991 |quote=Last year's Frizzle Fry made a bigger splash and coincided with the full-blown emergence of the San Francisco thrash-funk scene, a loose network of bands fusing hard rock and dance elements ... And despite Les' slap-happy chops and the sudden marketability of metal-edged dance grooves, Claypool chafes at the 'thrash-funk' label. 'The term pretty much makes my lips curl,' he states. 'Still, it's more accurate than calling us a funk band, since I'm the only one in the group with any sort of funk background.'}}
70. ^{{cite journal |title=Primus: Nice and Cheesy |journal=Hot Metal |last=Potter |first=Valerie |date=July 1991 |volume=29}}
71. ^{{cite web|first1=Stephen Thomas|last1=Erlewine|first2=Greg|last2=Prato| agency = Rovi|url=http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/primus/artist.jhtml|title=Primus|publisher=MTV.com|accessdate=June 23, 2011}}
72. ^¹{{cite magazine|title=Say "Cheese"!|publisher=Kerrang!|number=343|website=ram.org|date=June 1, 1991|url=http://www.ram.org/music/primus/articles/say_cheese.html|accessdate=September 23, 2006 }}
73. ^{{cite web|last=O'Donnell |first=Kevin |url=https://www.spin.com/2011/08/exclusive-primus-return-first-new-song/ |title=EXCLUSIVE: Primus Return With First New Song | SPIN | SPIN Mix | Songs |publisher=SPIN |date=2011-08-17 |accessdate=2013-03-08}}
74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.id3.org/id3v2-00|title=ID3 tag version 2|accessdate=March 14, 2009|date=March 26, 1998|publisher=ID3}}
75. ^{{ cite web | accessdate = 4 March 2017 | first = Laurent | last = Reymond | language = fr | url = http://www.heavymusic.fr/index.php/interview/41-primus-les-claypool | title = Primus - Les Claypool | publicationdate = 19 September 2011 | website = www.heavymusic.fr | quote = Q: J'ai toujours pensé que « Elephant Talk » de King Crimson avait servi de base au style de Primus. Qu'en penses-tu ?
Les Claypool: Je ne sais pas si cette chanson en particulier nous a servi de base pour créer Primus, mais il est clair qu'à l'époque nous étions tous fans de cette incarnation de King Crimson et Tony Levin, Adrian Belew, Robert Fripp et Bill Bruford comptaient parmi nos plus grandes influences. Tony Levin encore plus d'ailleurs, car à mon sens il est le meilleur bassiste du monde et celui qui joue avec le plus de goût !
(Q: I always thought that King Crimson's "Elephant Talk" was the basis of Primus's style. What do you think ?
Les Claypool: I do not know if this particular song served as a basis for creating Primus, but it is clear that at the time we were all fans of this incarnation of King Crimson and Tony Levin, Adrian Belew, Robert Fripp and Bill Bruford were among our greatest influences. Tony Levin even more, because in my opinion he is the best bass player in the world and the one who plays with the most taste!) }}
76. ^{{ cite web | accessdate = 4 March 2017 | url = http://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/primuss-larry-lalonde-talks-frank-zappa-seas-of-cheese-and-oddity-faire-6455212 | title = Primus's Larry Lalonde Talks Frank Zappa, Seas of Cheese, and Oddity Faire | first = Christopher | last = Lopez | date = 2 June 2011 | quote = When I first got there, all I cared about was Frank Zappa, the Dead Kennedys, little bit of King Crimson and the Grateful Dead. And all those bands had their own sound, and kind of didn't have boundaries. | newspaper = Miami New Times }}
77. ^{{cite news|first=Doug|last=Elfman|title=Primus plays Hard Rock|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2003/Oct-15-Wed-2003/news/22374264.html|publisher=Las Vegas Review-Journal|date=October 15, 2003|accessdate=March 14, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040406235351/http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2003/Oct-15-Wed-2003/news/22374264.html|archivedate=April 6, 2004}}
78. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.alternativenation.net/les-claypool-hillel-slovak-era-red-hot-chili-peppers-led-zeppelin/|title=Les Claypool Says Hillel Slovak-Era Red Hot Chili Peppers 'Were Like Led Zeppelin' - AlternativeNation.net|website=archive.alternativenation.net|accessdate=December 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023021728/http://archive.alternativenation.net/les-claypool-hillel-slovak-era-red-hot-chili-peppers-led-zeppelin/|archive-date=October 23, 2017|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
79. ^{{cite web |last1=Murphy |first1=Tom |title=Les Claypool of Primus on the Benefits of Folk Music |url=https://www.westword.com/music/les-claypool-of-primus-on-the-benefits-of-folk-music-5700006 |website=Westword |accessdate=7 February 2019}}
80. ^Alternative Press (7/02, p. 98) - "... These reissues benefit from keen remastering, making it even more obvious that Primus' crunch has influenced legions of nu-metal soldiers ..."
81. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.nme.com/news/primus/54861 |title=Primus announce first UK gigs in 14 years |newspaper=New Musical Express|date=2011-02-07 |accessdate=2013-03-08}}
82. ^¹{{cite news| url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/orlandosentinel/access/46661412.html?dids=46661412:46661412&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+26%2C+1999&author=Parry+Gettelman+Sentinel%2C+Popular+Music+Critic&pub=Orlando+Sentinel&desc=LES+CLAYPOOL+LEADS+MOSHERS+THROUGH+A+PUMMELING%2C+FUN+SHOW&pqatl=google | work=Orlando Sentinel | title=Les Claypool Leads Moshers Through A Pummeling, Fun Show | date=November 26, 1999}}
83. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.msopr.com/press-releases/pressure-4-5-set-to-release-major-label-debut-burning-the-process-october-2-on-dreamworks-records/|title=PRESSURE 4-5 SET TO RELEASE MAJOR LABEL DEBUT 'BURNING THE PROCESS' OCTOBER 2 ON DREAMWORKS RECORDS; - Mitch Schneider Organization|website=www.msopr.com|accessdate=December 11, 2017}}
84. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/rock/pleymo/biography.html|title=Pleymo|publisher=|accessdate=December 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731232957/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/rock/pleymo/biography.html|archive-date=July 31, 2017|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
85. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.adn.com/music/article/popular-unpredictable-band-primus-has-inspired-alaska-musicians/2013/06/21/|title=Popular, unpredictable band Primus has inspired Alaska musicians|website=Anchorage Daily News|accessdate=December 11, 2017}}
86. ^Lacquer Head linear notes. Interscope Records (2000)
87. ^{{cite web|last=Bammie awards|title=Primus at the Bammie Awards|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIMh_2KH6MY#t=1h9m20s|work=youtube|accessdate=25 January 2014}}
88. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1996/grammys.htm |title=38th Grammy Awards – 1996 |publisher=Rockonthenet.com |accessdate=2007-12-08| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071230201938/http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1996/grammys.htm| archivedate= December 30, 2007 | deadurl= no}}

Band history

The early years and Frizzle Fry (1984–1990)

Seas of Cheese, Pork Soda and Tales from the Punchbowl (1991–1996)

Brown Album, Antipop and hiatus (1997–2002)

Reformation (2003–2009)

Green Naugahyde (2010–2013)

Electric Grapevine and the Chocolate Factory (2013–2017)

The Desaturating Seven (2017–present)